硬质相粒度对金属陶瓷断裂韧性的影响

用压痕法测定了具有不同粒度硬质相的Ti(C,N)基和WC基金属陶瓷的断裂韧性,结果发现,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的断裂韧性随硬质相粒度的增大而减小,而WC基金属陶瓷的断裂韧性随硬质相粒度的增大而增大。产生上述现象的主要原因与硬质相的晶体结构有关:在室温条件下,面心立方结构的Ti(C,N)晶体中可能存在｛110｝<11 0>和｛111｝<11 0>两个滑移族(含18个独立滑移系);裂纹从一个Ti(C,N)颗粒扩展至另一个Ti(C,N)颗粒时很容易形成取向有利。当Ti(C,N)颗粒较粗时,极易发生穿晶断裂,并且裂纹连续穿晶扩展时亦不会发生显著的偏转或分叉,Ti(C,N)呈现较强的脆性断裂特征。而密排六方结构的WC晶体只有｛101 0｝<112 3>一个滑移族(含4个独立的滑移系);由于取向不利,裂纹难以连续穿晶扩展,且随WC粒度的增大,其对裂纹的偏转和分叉作用增强,从而导致断裂面表面积增大而增韧。     

Mo2C含量对Ti(C,N)基陶瓷力学性能和显微结构的影响

采用热压烧结工艺制备了添加微量Cr3C2的Ti(C0.5N0.5)-(Ni-Co)-Mo2C-Cr3C2系Ti(C,N）基金属陶瓷。分析三种不同Mo2C含量材料的力学性能、断口形貌和磨削表面压痕裂纹扩展情况，研究表明：材料的断裂均以沿晶断裂为主；材料的抗弯强度与Rim相有关，8wt%Mo2C含量的金属陶瓷Rim相厚度适中，抗弯强度高；0.6wt%Mo2C含量的金属陶瓷的扩展裂纹短，裂纹扩展发生偏转，断裂韧性高。     

纳米改性金属陶瓷的组织和力学性能

讨论了纳米TiN改性TiC基金属陶瓷(纳米改性金属陶瓷)的组织与力学性能。结果表明,金属陶瓷组织仍为两相结构(陶瓷相+金属相),其中粗大的陶瓷相为芯/壳结构,即Ti(C,N)芯外包覆有一层硬质相(Ti,Mo,W)(C,N)(即"SS"相)。TEM观察显示,纳米TiN主要在两相或三相晶界上分布。随纳米TiN的增加,纳米改性金属陶瓷的组织明显细化;组织的细化与纳米TiN在TiC/TiC晶界的分布阻止了TiC晶粒的长大有关。抗弯测试表明,抗弯强度在添加8 wt%纳米TiN时达到最大值;抗弯断口显示沿晶断裂为主要的断裂模式。     

纳米增强金属陶瓷的组织及热冲击性能

为了进一步提高金属陶瓷的力学性能及其刀具的高速切削性能, 研究了纳米增强金属陶瓷的显微组织特征和热冲击性能。扫描电镜和透射电镜分析表明: 组织中陶瓷相呈现典型的芯2壳结构特征; 芯为TiC 或Ti (C ,N) , 而壳则为( Ti ,Mo ,W) (C ,N) 固溶体。纳米增强金属陶瓷机制为细晶强化、弥散强化和固溶强化。热冲击实验表明: 随着热循环的进行, 材料中孔洞的数量、孔洞的尺寸以及微裂纹的尺寸随之增大; 同时, 热循环过程中出现的表面氧化、裂纹长大、偏转以及桥接现象也很显著。与常规Ti (C ,N) 金属陶瓷相比, 纳米增强金属陶瓷的抗热冲击性能明显提高。      

碳纳米管增韧超细Ti(C|N)基金属陶瓷

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的低韧性限制了其广泛应用于切削刀具领域。为探究碳纳米管对超细Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷断裂韧性的影响,采用化学镀工艺在碳纳米管表面镀Ni,采用粉末冶金法真空烧结制备了不同碳纳米管含量的超细Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。研究了不同含量镀镍和未镀镍的碳纳米管对Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷组织和断裂韧性的影响。扫描电镜照片表明 , 添加CNTs后,组织中出现无芯晶粒及微孔洞。压痕法测试断裂韧性的结果表明,纳米管的加入使超细Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷的断裂韧性提高 29. 4 %～62. 7 % , 碳纳米管增韧机制为裂纹偏转和桥接增韧、无芯晶粒增韧及微孔洞增韧。此外,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,超细CNTs/Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷复合材料的相对密度和硬度均有轻微下降。添加镀镍和未镀镍碳纳米管对超细Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷都具有很好的增韧作用。     

SD成型剂对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响

采用低压烧结的方法制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料,并结合C、N、O分析,XRD、BSE、EDS等测试手段研究了SD成型剂对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷合金的C含量、相组成及显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着SD成型剂添加量的增加,脱胶后压坯的C含量逐渐增加,N含量逐渐减小;烧结后Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷由(Ti,Me)(C,N)(Me=W、Mo、Ta)和Ni/Co固溶体相组成;显微组织以黑芯-白环结构为主,并伴随着少量白芯-灰环的结构。SD添加量为100mL/kg时,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料的抗弯强度达1929MPa,硬度为1588HV30,添加量为180mL/kg时,合金组织中石墨相的出现使其抗弯强度大幅度下降。     

陶瓷刀具材料断口形貌及裂纹扩展的分形特征

通过热压烧结工艺,制备了一种高性能的Si3N4基陶瓷刀具材料。利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分别对材料物相组成、微观形貌及裂纹扩展路径进行了分析。借助图像处理技术和分形理论,计算了断口形貌及裂纹扩展路径的分形维数,并揭示材料断裂机制。研究表明,Si3N4基陶瓷刀具材料表现为穿晶/沿晶的混合断裂模式,其裂纹扩展方式主要是偏转和桥联,断口形貌及裂纹扩展均具有明显的分形特征。当材料断口形貌越粗糙,裂纹扩展路线越不规则,分形维数值增大,表明断口微观结构的粗糙程度、裂纹扩展路线的不规则程度可用分形维数来刻画。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的烧结工艺研究

采用真空烧结工艺制备了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,研究了烧结温度和保温时间对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织和力学性能的影响,并用SEM观察其断口形貌.结果表明:随着烧结温度的升高,金属陶瓷的组织逐渐变得均匀,硬质颗粒逐渐球化,且其环形相逐渐变得完整;温度过高,保温时间过长,晶粒都会明显长大,环形相变厚,导致材料性能下降.经1440℃烧结,保温60min,可获得较佳的性能,其抗弯强度达1914.2MPa,硬度HRA达90.1.     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷烧结过程的冶金基础及其显微组织特征Ⅰ烧结过程的冶金基础

综述了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷烧结过程中的冶金基础.涉及烧结冶金过程中的几个重要的基础问题:Ti(C,N)的稳定性,粘结相同硬质相的润湿性,碳、氮化合物在粘结上中的溶解度及其选择溶解性.     

TiB2-TiN复合陶瓷刀具材料的显微结构和力学性能研究

热压烧结制备了不同TiN含量的复合陶瓷刀具材料TiB2-TiN-(Ni, Mo),对其性能测试表明,随着TiN含量的增加,材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧度逐渐提高,但是材料的硬度在TiN的含量达到40%(体积分数)时却大幅度降低.利用X衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDAX)分析了复合材料的物相和显微组织,结果表明,烧结过程中生成了MoNi相;随TiN含量增加,材料从以沿晶断裂为主转变为同时有沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂的断裂模式;裂纹扩展过程中有金属颗粒桥连现象.分析认为,材料的主要增韧机制是延性相颗粒桥连和裂纹偏转.     

Effect of SiC whisker addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

Ti(C, N)-based cermets with addition of SiC whisker (SiC_w) were prepared by vacuum sintering. The microstructures of the prepared cermets were investigated by using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties such as transverse rupture strength (TRS), fracture toughness (K_IC) and hardness (HRA) were also measured. It was found that the grain size of the cermets was affected by the SiC whisker addition. The cermets with 1.0 wt.% SiC whisker addition exhibited the smallest grain size. The porosities of the cermets increased with increasing SiC whisker additions. The addition of the SiC whisker had no influence on the phase constituents of the cermets. Compared with the cermets with no whisker addition, the highest TRS and fracture toughness for cermets with 1.0 wt.% SiC whisker addition increased by about 24% and 29%, respectively. The strengthening mechanisms were attributed to finer grain size, homogeneous microstructure and moderate thickness of rim phase. The toughening mechanisms were characterized by crack deflection, whisker bridging and whisker pulling-out.     

夹杂物和晶粒尺寸对洁净车轮钢室温冲击韧度的影响

对洁净车轮钢在不同温度下进行正火处理,得到不同晶粒尺寸的显微组织,然后对车轮钢进行室温冲击试验,利用扫描电镜对冲击试样断口形貌进行观察,研究了夹杂物和晶粒尺寸对洁净车轮钢室温冲击韧度的影响。结果表明：部分车轮钢冲击试样以夹杂物起裂,夹杂物类型为Ti（C,N）,另一部分冲击试样断口起裂源处则未发现有夹杂物,但尺寸在10μm以下的Ti（C,N）夹杂物对车轮钢的冲击韧度没有明显的影响,而晶粒尺寸对车轮钢的冲击韧度有明显影响;其主要原因是室温下车轮钢冲击断裂的临界事件是微裂纹穿过晶界扩展引发解理断裂,因此晶粒尺寸是决定洁净车轮钢冲击韧度的主要因素。     

Effect of TaC addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti(C, N)-based cermets

The microstructures of the prepared Ti(C, N)-based cermets with various TaC additions were studied using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical properties such as transverse rupture strength (TRS), fracture toughness (K_1C) and hardness (HRA) were also measured. The results showed that the grain size of the cermets decreased with increasing TaC addition, but too high TaC addition resulted in agglomeration of the grains. An increasing TaC addition increased the dissolution of tungsten, titanium, molybdenum and tantalum in the binder phase. The hardness of the cermets decreased slightly with increasing TaC addition. The transverse rupture strength was the highest for the cermets with 5 wt.% TaC addition, which was characterized by fine grains, homogeneous microstructure and the moderate thickness of rim phase in the binder. The fracture toughness of the cermets with TaC addition from 0 to 5 wt.% decreased obviously, which resulting from decreased grain size. The further decreasing of fracture toughness for the cermets with 7 wt.% TaC addition was due to increased porosity and interfacial tensile stress.     

Cr3C2含量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷力学性能的影响

采用热压烧结工艺制备了添加微量Mo2C的Ti(C0.5N0.5)-(Ni-Co)-Mo2C-Cr3C2系Ti(C，N)基金属陶瓷。对三种不同Cr3C2含量材料的力学性能、断口形貌和磨削表面压痕裂纹扩展进行了研究，结果表明：Cr3C2含量增加，抗弯强度呈增加趋势；Cr3C2含量低于8％(质量分数，下同)时，材料的断裂韧性下降不大，Cr3C2含量超过8％后，Cr3C2含量增加，材料的断裂韧性急剧降低。     

搅拌球磨制备亚微米晶粒Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷

用搅拌球磨方法制备了亚微米TiC-TiN-WC-Mo-Ni-C金属陶瓷复合粉，并烧结成亚微米晶粒Ti(C,N）基金属陶瓷；研究了原始粉末粒度，磨球大小，球磨时间对复合粉粒度的影响，研究了球磨过程中氧和铁元素对粉末的污染情况；并对烧结合金的组织，性能进行了分析，表明亚微米晶粒Ti(C,N）金属陶瓷的性能优良。     

Effect of tantalum content on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of cermets based on (TixTa1−x)(C0.5N0.5) solid solutions

Titanium–tantalum carbonitride, (Ti, Ta)(C, N), based cermets with different Ti and Ta contents were prepared using a mechanically induced self-sustaining reaction and then densified using a pressureless sintering process. Complete microstructural and mechanical characterizations were performed on the materials, which revealed that the size of the carbonitride ceramic particle was significantly reduced when the Ta content was increased. The flexural strength and fracture toughness were measured using the ball on three balls test and the indentation microfracture test, respectively. The strength profile was analyzed under the framework of Weibull theory. The change in the mechanical properties as a function of the Ta content was correlated with the normalized microstructural parameters, such as the binder mean free path. The decrease in toughness and flexural strength was attributed to the presence of intermetallic compounds in the binder phase, which was also corroborated by the nanoindentation tests.