WC-10Co硬质合金热压工艺与晶粒抑制剂的研究

采用粒度为0 81μm的超细WC粉和粒度为1 35μm的Co粉,通过添加Cr3C2和VC作为晶粒长大抑制剂,采用热压(HP)烧结工艺制备了平均晶粒度小于0 8μm的WC-10Co硬质合金,检测了合金的显微硬度和显微组织。研究结果表明:随着烧结温度和保温时间的增加,WC-10Co硬质合金试样的显微硬度明显升高;添加晶粒长大抑制剂有效地抑制了晶粒的长大,明显提高了WC-10Co硬质合金的显微硬度;其中采用0 8Cr3C2+0 4VC晶粒长大抑制剂的样品显微硬度最高,达到22560MPa(2256kgf/mm2)。根据本实验研究结果,晶粒长大抑制剂对WC-10Co硬质合金作用效果的顺序为:(Cr3C2+VC)>Cr3C2>VC。     

Cr3C2和VC复合抑制剂对超细WC-9%Co硬质合金制备及性能的影响

针对超细晶WC-Co硬质合金的制备,WC晶粒生长抑制剂的运用尤为重要。本研究采用粉末冶金方法制备了超细WC-9%Co硬质合金,研究了Cr₃C₂和VC复合抑制剂对超细WC-9%Co硬质合金制备、微结构及性能的影响。结果表明：随着复合抑制剂中VC的增加,即Cr₃C₂的减少,合金的晶粒尺寸、断裂韧性逐渐降低,矫顽磁力、钴磁逐渐升高,横向断裂强度则先增高后降低;同时,随着VC配比的增加到一定程度合金逐渐出现VC偏析现象。综合来看,WC-9%Co-0.5%Cr₃C₂-0.5%VC超细硬质合金表现出较优的综合物理性能(矫顽磁力38.9 kA/m、钴磁7.82%、密度14.44 cm³/g)、力学性能(洛氏硬度94.0 HRA、维氏硬度2 010 HV30、横向断裂强度4 691 MPa)。     

添加不同抑制剂对细晶WC-6Co硬质合金组织和性能的影响

本文系统研究了添加不同配比的VC、Cr3C2、(Ta、Nb)C、TiC晶粒长大抑制剂对细晶WC-6Co硬质合金显微组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明,添加0.2％VC或0.2％VC与Cr3C2、(Ta、Nb)C、TiC抑制剂结合均可不同程度地细化合金晶粒,但由于这些抑制剂对Co相润湿性、流动性影响不同,导致合金的孔隙度也有所不同.在本试验条件下,在WC-6Co中加入0.2％VC对细化合金晶粒和降低孔隙度的效果最佳,使晶粒细化到0.5μm左右,因而其合金综合性能最好,洛氏硬度达93.1、抗弯强度1605 MPa、冲击韧性2.45 J/cm2、断裂韧性13.71 MPa ·m1/2.     

超细晶WC-10Co硬质合金制备的主要影响因素

利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）以及力学性能测试分析,研究了不同粒度的WC和Co原始粉末经不同时间球磨后的微观形貌;并对球磨后的复合粉末添加不同配比的晶粒抑制剂,进行真空热压烧结制备了超细晶硬质合金,考察了不同配比的晶粒抑制剂对超细晶硬质合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,使用原始细颗粒粉末,经较短时间的球磨处理就可以达到较好的细化效果;复合添加VC＋Cr3C2或VC＋TaC晶粒抑制剂对硬质合金晶粒的细化效果明显好于单一添加VC的细化效果;添加Cr3C2后WC晶粒呈近圆形,且硬质合金抗弯强度有明显提高;添加TaC后的WC晶粒呈三角形或四边形,促进了硬质合金的硬度提高。     

Co对原位合成WC-6Co复合粉末制备 高性能硬质合金的影响

将原位合成的WC-6Co复合粉末添加到300 L、转速50 Hz滚动球磨中湿磨,添加Co粉、晶粒长大抑制剂、石蜡、酒精,湿磨48 h,卸料、过孔径45 μm筛,采用闭式压力喷雾干燥塔制备得到WC-7Co~WC-15Co混合料粉末,对制备混合料粉末形貌、粒度分布、物相、成分进行分析,结果表明:添加Co粉配成WC-Co混合料,当混合料的Co质量分数超过10%,团聚现象明显增强,团聚颗粒明显增大;随着添加Co粉质量分数增加,混合料中氧质量分数增高,松装密度不断减小.将制备得到的WC-7Co~WC-15Co混合料掺成型剂,挤压成型,低压烧结等工序制备超细YG7X~YG15X硬质合金.研究添加不同Co质量分数WC-6Co复合粉末制备YG7X~YG15X超细硬质合金,Co对制备硬质合金的金相组织、形貌、物理力学性能的影响,结果表明:随着添加Co质量分数增加,制备的超细硬质合金硬度、密度不断降低,抗弯强度和断裂韧性先增大、后减小;制备的超细YG7X硬质合金的硬度最高HV₃₀为2 150,抗弯强度最低为3 200 MPa;制备YG10超细硬质合金的抗弯强度最高为4 950 MPa,断裂韧性最高为11.8 MPa·m1/2.      

复合添加Cr3C2/VC/TaC的WC-12%Co超细晶硬质合金的组织和性能研究

研究了复合添加不同含量的Cr₃C₂、VC、TaC三种晶粒长大抑制剂对WC-12%Co超细晶硬质合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明，与采用Cr₃C₂+VC组合晶粒长大抑制剂的合金相比，采用Cr₃C₂+VC+TaC组合晶粒长大抑制剂的合金的综合力学性能呈降低趋势，但导热性能更好。采用Cr₃C₂+VC+TaC组合晶粒长大抑制剂的合金的组织和力学性能取决于晶粒长大抑制剂的抑制效果，而不是其添加总量，优化三种抑制剂的配比是提升合金性能的关键。     

添加TaC和Y2O3对超细YG6硬质合金组织及性能的影响

研究了在不改变原有晶粒长大复合抑制剂Cr3C2/VC组成及含量基础上,再添加不同量TaC和Y2O3对YG6超细硬质合金力学组织和性能的影响.结果表明,TaC能明显抑制YG6合金晶粒的长大;添加0.1％TaC并在1 380℃下加压烧结制备的YG6合金,其致密度、硬度、抗弯强度均达到最大值,分别为99.88％、HRA 93.8和1 800 MPa.添加0.1 ％Y2O3也可抑制YG6合金晶粒的长大,但对合金其他方面的影响不明显.     

超细晶WC-Co硬质合金制备技术的研究

以经喷雾转化、煅烧、低温还原碳化工艺制备出的纳米晶WC-6%Co复合粉末为原料,不添加晶粒长大抑制剂,经湿磨、成形和压力烧结工艺,成功制备出WC晶粒度在400nm左右的超细晶WC-Co硬质合金,并与传统工艺制备的合金进行性能对比。结果表明:复合粉末制备的合金中WC晶粒大小、组元分布更加均匀,晶粒无异常长大现象,强度和硬度均高于传统工艺制备的合金。     

（W，Ti，Ta）C复式碳化物对WC-（6％-8％）Co超细硬质合金性能的影响

以WC-6％Co和WC-8％120为研究体系,在1390℃压力烧结下制备不同配比复式碳化物的超细硬质合金。分别采用洛氏硬度检测、抗弯强度检测、钴磁检测、矫顽磁力检测等方法,通过扫描电镜和电子衍射分析,研究了不同量的（W,Ti,Ta）C复式碳化物对超细硬质合金性能的影响。结果表明：WC-6％Co-2％（W,Ti,Ta）C超细硬质合金的矫顽磁力为45．39kA·m^-1,硬度为94．0HRA,抗弯强度为2280MPa;WC-8％Co-2％（w,Ti,Ta）C超细硬质合金的矫顽磁力为37．4kA·m^-1,硬度为93．4HRA,抗弯强度为2670MPa;WC-8％Co-2％（w,Ti,Ta）C-0．5％（Cr3C2/VC）的矫顽磁力为38．2kA·m^-1,硬度为93．6HRA,抗弯强度为2780MPa;它们具有较高的综合性能。     

四元复合碳化物的添加方式对WC-Co硬质合金显微组织和机械性能的影响

通过一步还原法分别合成(W,Ti)C、(Ta,Nb)C、(W,Ti,Ta)C、(W,Ti,Ta,Nb)C固溶体,并以单一碳化物和固溶体的方式将Ti、Ta、Nb添加到WC-7%Co硬质合金中,考察碳化物添加方式对WC-7%Co硬质合金显微组织和机械性能的影响。结果表明,以(W,Ti,Ta,Nb)C固溶体的方式加入可提高WC-7%Co硬质合金的机械性能,其抗弯强度、维氏硬度、断裂韧性分别达到2 289.9 MPa、1 680 HV、9.67 MPa·m~(1/2)。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.