聚合型受阻酚抗氧剂的合成及应用

研究了以对甲酚为主要原料合成聚合型受阻酚抗氧剂的工艺。结果表明，树脂缩合反应条件是对甲酚与双环戊二烯为3：1～1．25，ZnCl2催化剂为对甲酚质量分数的2．0％，反应温度为75～80℃，双环戊二烯滴加时间为2h。烷基化反应温度为70～75℃，H2S04催化剂为缩合树脂质量分数的2．0％。制得的聚合型受阻酚抗氧剂产品对聚氨酯泡沫用聚醚2802具有较好的抗氧化性，起燃温度达224℃。     

合成2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚的优化作

以对甲基苯酚和异丁烯为原料，以浓硫酸为催化剂，选择性合成2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚，考察了反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量等因素对合成2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚转化率和收率的影响。结果表明，在反应温度75℃，催化剂用量4％，反应时间45min时，2-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚合成转化率达94．5％，产物收率为86．2％。     

抗氧剂4-羟甲基-2,6-二叔丁基苯酚的合成与应用

以2,6-二叔丁基苯酚和多聚甲醛为原料，在叔丁醇作溶剂的条件下合成了酚类抗氧剂4-羟甲基-2．6-二叔丁基苯酚，最佳反应条件为：反应时间4h，反应温度20℃，多聚甲醛与2，6-二叔丁基苯酚物质的量之比为2：1。催化剂用量为2，6一二叔丁基苯酚物质的量的3％，产品熔点在139-140℃，收率大于45％。介绍了产物作为中间体在其他抗氧剂合成中的应用。     

金属钝化剂Nangarz XL-1合成的研究

研究了以2，6-二叔丁基苯酚，丙烯酸甲酯。草酸二乙酯及乙醇胺为原料合成具有抗氧化及金属钝化双重功能的金属钝化剂Nangarz XL-1的合成工艺。考察了各步反应机理及影响因素。结果表明中间体（3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基）苯基丙酸甲酯合成最佳条件为：丙烯酸甲酯与2，6-二叔丁基苯酚的质量比为1．10：1，丙烯酸甲酯加入方式为120℃滴加0．5h，在140℃下反应4h，产率96．5％；中间体N，N’-双（羟乙基）草酰胺合成最佳条件为：乙醇胺与草酸二乙酯物质的量比2：1，反应温度为112℃，产率95．5％；产品Nangarz XL-1合成的最佳条件为：反应温度180℃，反应时间4h，催化剂为有机锡，产率90．2％。用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征了产品化学结构。     

DCPD改性UPR的合成新工艺及性能研究

采用催化水解加成法研究了“工业级”双环戊二烯为主要原料合成不饱和聚酯树脂的新工艺及性能。双环戊二烯的含量低于80％，研究了各种影响因素，得出主要工艺条件：加成温度为120～140℃，酯化温度为170～180℃，n（顺丁烯二酸酐）：n（邻苯二甲酸酐）=（5～6）：1，n（DCPD）：n（顺丁烯二酸酐）=（0．5～0．8）：1，催化剂用量为0．1％～0．2％，树脂收率达93．5％～94．8％。     

酯化反应合成丙烯酸双环戊烯基酯

以双环戊二烯、丙烯酸、水为原料,采用两步法合成丙烯酸双环戊二烯基酯。首先以硫酸为催化剂,双环戊二烯经过水合制得羟基双环戊烯,再以羟基双环戊烯和丙烯酸为原料经过酯化反应得到丙烯酸双环戊二烯基酯与传统的以双环戊二烯与丙烯酸为原料直接加成生成丙烯酸双环戊二烯基酯的工艺相比,减轻了后续的处理工作,提高了产品收率。酯化反应的优化条件为：n（丙烯酸）：n（羟基双环戊烯）为1．1、催化剂二丁基氧化锡用量2．5％（质量分数,以羟基双环戊烯质量为基准,下同）、阻聚剂对羟基苯甲醚用量0．1％、带水剂为50％（其中环己烷用量为20．0％、甲苯用量为30％）、反应温度为99℃,反应时间是4h。在此条件下合成的丙烯酸双环戊烯基酯的收率达92％以上,纯度达94．4％。     

乙酸三环癸烯酯的合成工艺研究

以乙酸与双环戊二烯为原料,采用加成法合成乙酸三环癸烯酯。实验中考察了乙酸与双环戊二烯在以高氯酸为催化剂,考查了原料摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度以及催化剂用量对酯化率的影响。确定最佳工艺条件：乙酸与双环戊二烯摩尔比为1：1.3,高氯酸为催化剂,催化剂用量为2.5%,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为5h。在此条件下合成的乙酸三环癸烯酯收率为85.75%。     

2，6-二叔丁基对仲丁基酚的合成

以磺酸阳离子树脂为催化剂,以对仲丁基苯酚和异丁烯为原料合成了2,6-二叔丁基对仲丁基苯酚。探讨了不同催化剂、反应温度、反应时间、物料配比和催化剂用量对反应的影响。最优的反应条件:催化剂的质量分数为3%～5%(以对仲丁基苯酚质量计,下同),n(对仲丁基苯酚)∶n(异丁烯)=1∶2,反应温度90～100℃,反应压力0.15～0.2 MPa,反应时间4 h,在该条件下,产物选择性达95%以上,精馏分离得到色谱纯度大于97.5%的2,6-二叔丁基对仲丁基苯酚,总收率达95%以上。     

MTBE法合成2,4-二叔丁基苯酚的实验研究

以甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）为烷基化试剂,通过正交实验研究了苯酚叔丁基化合成2,4-二叔丁基苯酚的反应规律,分别考察了一步法和两步法合成工艺的规律,结果表明：利用一步法,目标产物收率较高,在n（苯酚）：n（MTBE）=1：2．1、反应时间60min、催化剂（浓硫酸）用量1．0mL、反应温度85℃时,目标产物的收率可达61．5％。     

新型钌卡宾催化剂的制备及其对双环戊二烯的聚合活性

首次合成了[(PCy3)2Cl2RuCHCH2OPh]新型钌卡宾催化剂,并成功地用于双环戊二烯(DCPD)的开环易位聚合(ROMP)反应,确定了聚合反应条件对催化剂活性的影响规律。适宜的聚合反应条件为:催化剂和双环戊二烯的物质的量比为1∶600,反应温度60℃,反应时间30 min,双环戊二烯的转化率为99.8%,这表明新型钌卡宾催化剂对双环戊二烯的聚合反应具有优异的催化活性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.