TWIP钢不同温度变形的力学性能变化规律及机理研究

通过控温拉伸实验分析了在298,373,473和673 K温度下变形时,TWIP钢(Fe-25Mn-3Si-3Al)力学性能和显微组织的变化规律.结果表明,TWIP钢的强度和延伸率均随温度的升高而降低.通过热力学公式对不同温度下TWIP钢层错能Γ的估算可以推断,温度T≥673 K时,Γ≥76 mJ/m2,滑移为TWIP钢主要的变形机制;298 K≤T≤373 K时,21 mJ/m2≤Γ≤34 mJ/m2,孪生为TWIP钢主要的变形方式,此时产生"TWIP"效应,可获得较高的加工硬化速率,从而获得高强度及高塑性.     

CT20钛合金20K下的应变行为与组织关系分析

研究了一种新型近α钛合金CT20在两种不同热处理制度下的组织结构及低温拉伸性能。结果表明：合金经热处理后，在具有足够的室温拉伸塑性的同时，低温（20K）下拉伸塑性较高（δ=14％），符合低温下使用要求。低温下粗大的片状组织比等轴组织具有更高的拉伸延性，且合金的变形是由孪生变形和滑移变形共同作用的结果。当合金具有不同组织时，孪生和滑移变形的贡献不同。     

不完全再结晶Fe40Mn10Cr25Ni25高熵合金的室温及低温力学性能

采用冷轧和退火热处理工艺制备了不完全再结晶结构的Fe₄₀Mn₁₀Cr₂₅Ni₂₅高熵合金,分析了合金的室温(298 K)及低温(77 K)拉伸时的力学性能。结果表明,合金具有优良的室温及低温力学性能,合金在低温拉伸时强度和塑性均得到了提高,其室温强度和断后伸长率分别为880 MPa和18%,低温强度和断后伸长率分别为1360 MPa和36%。合金在室温变形以位错滑移为主,低温变形以位错滑移和孪生为主。室温拉伸时,粗晶晶粒先于细晶晶粒变形,导致试样内部产生了应变梯度,提高了合金的加工硬化率,使合金在室温下具有良好的强塑性。低温拉伸时,粗晶晶粒中形成了大量的变形孪晶,从而提高了合金的低温力学性能。     

Microstructure and properties of hot extruded AZ31-0.25%Sb Mg-alloy

The effects of hot extrusion treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ31-0.25%Sb Mg alloy were investigated by means of mechanical properties measurement and microstructure observation.The results show that the microstructure of AZ31-0.25%Sb Mg alloys consists ofα-Ms matrix,Mg_(17)Al_(12) and Mg_3Sb_2 phases.The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield tensile strength(YTS) of the alloy are obviously enhanced by hot extrusion treatment,and the enhanced extent of UTS and YTS increas...     

GH690合金拉伸变形行为的温度敏感性

通过拉伸试验研究了GH690合金从298～623K的变形行为,用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了变形组织。结果表明,合金在298K拉伸时能够通过孪生协调变形,生成的形变孪晶阻碍了位错的滑移,从而使合金获得了较高的加工硬化速率,导致合金的强度和塑性较高。随着形变温度的升高,合金通过孪生协调变形的能力降低,变形机制由孪生转变为滑移,滑移产生的加工硬化效应小于孪生,因此合金的强度和塑性随之降低。     

LOW CYCLE FATIGUE BEHAVIORS AND MICROSTRUCTURES OF Ti–2Al–2.5Zr WITH FINE GRAIN AT RT AND 77 K

对细晶Ti--2Al--2.5Zr合金进行了室温/低温(77 K)疲劳实验及微观组织观察. 结果表明: 室温低应变幅Δε_t/2(=0.5%, 1.0%)下,合金表现为循环软化; 室温高应变幅(1.5%, 2.0%)下, 则表现为循环应力饱和; 77 K时, 不同应变幅下均表现为循环硬化, 且随应变幅升高, 循环硬化程度增强. 疲劳寿命测试结果表明: 低温疲劳寿命始终高于室温. 断口SEM观察表明, 室温和低温下, 疲劳裂纹扩展区均有明显的疲劳条纹,疲劳裂纹以穿晶方式扩展, 室温下伴随有大量二次裂纹, 低温下的二次裂纹数量明显减少. TEM观察表明: 低温下孪生是合金主要的变形方式, 包括{1011}和{1121}型孪晶. 疲劳变形位错组态为: 室温较低应变幅(0.5%, 1.0%)下, 形成位错线和局部位错缠结; 室温下应变幅提高到1.5%和2.0%时,\{1010}柱面和{1121}锥面滑移同时开动, 位错组态演化为亚晶和明显的位错胞. 77 K下, 应变幅2.0%时形成沿 柱面平行分布的位错带; 77 K下应变幅升高到4.5%时, 多滑移形成相互垂直的位错线. 低温诱发形变孪晶是Ti--2Al--2.5Zr低温疲劳寿命升高的原因.     

TWIP钢在不同温度变形的加工硬化行为

通过温控拉伸试验、光学显微镜、X射线衍射技术和透射电镜分析了在298、373、473、573 K温度下变形时,20Mn24Cr5Al2Ni2TWIP钢的力学性能和显微组织变化规律。结果表明,TWIP钢的强度随变形温度的升高而降低,伸长率在373 K变形时比298 K变形显著下降;在373～573 K变形时伸长率有上升趋势;温度升高,组织中形变孪晶的数量减少,孪晶交叉现象减弱。研究TWIP钢的加工硬化行为表明,TWIP钢在拉伸过程中的加工硬化指数n值随真应变的增加而增加,在低应变区温度升高n值增加。在298～373 K变形时,形变孪晶占主导作用,在473～573 K变形时,形变孪晶和动态应变时效共同作用。     

Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of Ti-5Al-2.5ZrELI alloy used at cryogenic temperature

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Effects of deformation parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy AZ31B

Plastic deformation and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behaviors of magnesium alloy AZ31B during thermal compression and extrusion processes were studied.In addition, effects of deformation temperature and rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated.The results show that the DRX grains nucleate initially at the primary grain boundaries and the twin boundaries, and the twinning plays an important role in the grain refinement.The DRX grain size depends on the deformation temperature and strain rate The average grain size is only 1 μm when the strain rate is 5 s-1 and temperature is 250 ℃.It is also found that the DRX grain can grow up quickly at the elevated temperature.The microstructure of extruded rods was consisted of tiny equal-axis DRX grains and some elongated grains.The rods extruded slowly have tiny grains and exhibit good mechanical properties.     

Characteristics of hot tensile deformation and microstructure evolution of twin-roll cast AZ31B magnesium alloys

High temperature tensile properties and microstructure evolutions of twin-roll-cast AZ31B magnesium alloy were investigated over a strain rate range from 10-3 to 1 s-1.It is suggested that the dominant deformation mechanism in the lower strain rate regimes is dislocation creep controlled by grain boundary diffusion at lower temperature and by lattice diffusion at higher temperatures,respectively.Furthermore,dislocation glide and twinning are dominant deformation mechanisms at higher strain-rate.The processing map,the effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy map of the alloy were established.The relations of microstructure evolutions to the transition temperature of dominant diffusion process,the activation energy platform and the occurrence of the full dynamic recrystallization with the maximum peak efficiency were analyzed.It is revealed that the optimum conditions for thermo-mechanical processing of the alloy are at a temperature range from 553 to 593 K,and a strain rate range from 7×10-3 to 2×10-3 s-1.     

The Formation of Twins in Al-10Zn-3Mg-1.8Cu Alloy by Cryomilling

Aluminum alloys with high stacking fault energies have difficulty forming deformation twins at room temperature and at a low strain rate. In this study, several deformation twins were found in Al-10.0Zn-3.0Mg-1.8Cu alloy powders after being cryomilled for a certain period of time. Annealing twins were also found in the same powders after they had been cryomilled first and then placed at an ambient temperature for a longer period of time, up to 2 years. It is suggested that the Venables model on deformation twins is plausible to explain the twin propensity formed in these powders. The study of the formation mechanism of both deformation and annealing twins concludes that twinning deformation can reduce the grain boundary energy of the alloy powders when the powders are cryomilled first and then placed at the ambient temperature for a longer period of time, up to 2 years.     

Coupled Influence of Temperature and Strain Rate on Tensile Deformation Characteristics of Hot-Extruded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

To explore the coupled effect of temperature T and strain rate_e on the deformation features of AZ31 Mg alloy,mechanical behaviors and microstructural evolutions as well as surface deformation and damage features were systematically examined under uniaxial tension at T spanning from 298 to 523 K and_e from 10-4to 10-2s-1. The increase in T or the decrease in_e leads to the marked decrease in flow stress, the appearance of a stress quasi-plateau after an initially rapid strain hardening, and even to the occurrence of successive strain softening. Correspondingly, the plastic deformation modes of AZ31 Mg alloy transform from the predominant twinning and a limited amount of dislocation slip into the enhanced non-basal slip and the dynamic recrystallization(DRX) together with the weakened twinning. Meanwhile, the cracking modes also change from along grain boundaries(GBs) and at twin boundaries(TBs) or the end of twins into nearby GBs where the DRX has occurred. The appearance of a stress quasi-plateau, the formation of large-sized cracks nearby GBs, and the occurrence of continuous strain softening, are intimately related to the enhancement of the non-basal slip and the DRX.     

Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr Alloy at Cryogenic and Elevated Temperatures

In this study, mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy at temperatures ranging from 77 K to 523 K have been investigated. The effects of temperature on the mechanical properties, deformation mechanism, and fracture mechanism are discussed. The results show that the strengths of alloy decrease gradually while the elongations increase progressively with increasing temperature. The maximum ultimate tensile strength of the alloy as high as 442 MPa is obtained at 77 K. As the temperature increases from 77 K to 523 K, the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy decreases from 442 MPa to 254 MPa and the elongations increase from 6.3% to 28.9% gradually. The study verifies that the deformation at 77 K is predominated by basal slip and \({{\left\{ {10\bar{1}2} \right\}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\left\{ {10\bar{1}2} \right\}} {\left\langle {10\bar{1}1} \right\rangle }}} \right. \kern-0pt} {\left\langle {10\bar{1}1} \right\rangle }}\) deformation twinning system. At 223 K, lots of twins emerge primarily at grain boundaries. At 373 K, all dislocations are proved to be 〈a〉 dislocations. At 523 K, although basal slip is still the dominant deformation mechanism, non-basal slip systems also become activate.     

INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURES ON TENSILE LOAD DROPS OF TITANIUM ALLOY

1.IntroductionLowtemperaturesmaysignificantlyaffectthemechanica1propertiesofmaterials-Basedonthelowtemperaturestrellgth-toughnesscharacteristics,cry0genicstructuralmaterial8weredividedint0threeclassesbyMorrisll].Thefirstclassincludesmaterialsthatundergoaductile-brittletransitionatlowtemperatures,thesecondclassthatremainsductileatalltemperaturesandthethirdthemetastablealloyswhoseductilityandtoughnessarelargelydeterminedbylowtemperaturephaJsetransf0rmations.Severalillterestingmechanicalphenomen…     

时效态Mg-Gd-Y-Zr镁合金压缩性能和组织演变

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟机对时效态Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5zr (GW103)和Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.5Zr(GW123)稀土镁合金在变形温度为25～350℃、应变速率为0.01 s~(-1)、最大变形程度为1的条件下进行压缩模拟试验,利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察组织变化.结果表明:GW103和GW123合金的室温抗压强度分别为419MPa和460MPa;150-200℃时GW123合金的抗压强度大干GW103合金;当温度高于250℃时,两种合金的抗压强度相近.分析表明250℃以下压缩时,孪生变形是影响压缩力学性能的主要因素;300～350℃压缩时,晶界和变形带处发生动态再结晶是影响压缩力学性能的主要因素.     

温度对核电用GH690合金力学行为的影响

以国产蒸汽发生器传热管用GH690合金为研究对象,通过评价其断裂韧性及拉伸特性,结合光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析,研究了合金由室温～623K的力学性能。研究结果表明,室温下GH690合金低的层错能,易生成形变孪晶,使得合金在孪生的协调下塑性变形能力提高,同时孪晶促进裂纹扩展转向,使合金在断裂过程中吸收更多的能量,维持合金高的断裂韧性。随着温度的升高,合金的层错能增加,导致形变孪晶生成困难,合金应力集中程度加剧,裂纹从而平直扩展,合金的断裂韧性降低。由于合金的室温层错能较低,合金在拉伸时能够通过孪生协调变形,同时生成的孪晶阻碍了位错的滑移而提高了合金的强度和塑性。随着形变温度的升高,合金通过孪生协调变形的能力降低,导至合金的变形机制由孪生转变为滑移,滑移产生的加工硬化效应小于孪生,故合金的强度和延伸率随之降低。     

Changes in lamellar microstructure by parallel twinning during creep in soft PST crystal of TiAl alloy

Comprssion creep tests of a Ti-48%Al (mole fraction)alloy were carried out at 1150K with soft-orientated PST crystal.Parallel twinning took place during the creep.Changes in lamellar microstructure caused by the parallel twinning were investigated.and their effects on creep deformation behavior were discussed.The results show that the parallel twinning occurs in early stage of creep,and makes significant contribution to creep strain in the domains favorably oriented for the twinning.The nucleation of parallel twins finishes at a strain of about 3%.There is a critical resolved shear stress for parallel twinning,and it is about 50MPa in the Ti-48%Al PST crystals at 1150K.Te activity of parallel twinning increases with increasing applied stress or in a coarse lamellar material.The addition of parallel twins reduces the average value of lamellar spacing.In general,the refinement of lamellar structure should improve creep resistance.However the strengthening by parallel twinning is not evident in creep of the soft PST crystals because the soft deformation modes are the dominant deformation mode in the crystals.     

初始取向对AZ31镁合金微观织构演化的影响

将从挤压棒材中截取的长轴与挤压方向分别成0°,45°和90°的AZ31镁合金长方体试样在中、高温度(523-723 K)下沿长轴方向压缩变形,利用OM和SEM/EBSD技术观察和分析了初始取向对其微观织构演化的影响.结果表明,随着变形温度的降低,初始取向对变形行为的影响显著增加,在523 K时,长轴平行挤压方向的0°试...     

锻压态AZ61镁合金的变形行为

对模压态AZ61镁合金在室温～150℃条件下的的力学性能及变形机制进行研究.结果表明:在拉伸速度1 mm/min,随着拉伸温度的升高,拉伸后的显微组织中晶界逐渐软化,动态再结晶有减少趋势,并伴随有孪晶出现,抗拉强度及屈服强度显著下降,而其伸长率在低温拉伸中的变化幅度有限;同时在90 ～ 130℃发生了动态应变时效;对拉伸断口的观察分析表明,随着温度的逐渐升高(≤150℃),其断裂机制由韧脆混合断裂逐渐变为韧性断裂.