季铵盐对脂肪胺/环氧树脂体系固化性能影响的研究

环氧自流平涂料性能优异,在各个领域得到广泛应用.环氧固化剂的性能对环氧自流平涂料性能起决定性作用.介绍了环氧自流平涂料对固化剂的基本要求和常用固化剂的特点.详细研究了在脂肪胺加成物中添加季铵盐对涂膜硬度和光泽度的影响,结果表明添加季铵盐可提高涂膜的硬度和光泽度,在低温时效果更显著;季铵盐用量占固化剂0.8%为宜;芳香季...     

含癸二酰胺的共聚酰胺固化剂的合成及性能

用癸二酸和二聚酸与多胺共缩聚合成了含癸二酰胺的共聚酰胺固化剂,研究了癸二酸加入量对合成固化剂胺值、粘度的影响,及对固化剂与环氧树脂E-44混合体系力学性能的影响。加入癸二酸后,树脂粘度有大幅度的下降,但癸二酸的加入量超过5%以后,合成的共聚酰胺固化剂粘度逐渐增加;产物的胺值与E-44的固化体系的固化度、拉伸强度和剪切强度都随癸二酸加入量的提高而提高。其凝胶时间缩短,比较发现,当癸二酸加入量为二聚酸加入量的20%时,与四乙烯五胺合成的固化剂各方面性能较好,其体系的粘度为二聚酸性聚酰胺的80%左右。在酸组分不变的情况下,混合体系的裂解温度随胺分子质量的增加而下降,失重率则相反。     

粉末涂料用消光固化剂的合成及性能研究

以乙二胺四乙酸、均苯四甲酸、2-苯基咪唑啉为主要原料,甲醇为溶剂合成得到了1种消光固化剂,并采用红外色谱对产物结构进行了表征。通过产品收率计算和光泽度测定研究了原料配比、溶剂种类对产品性能的影响。结果表明,当乙二胺四乙酸用量为292 g,均苯四甲酸为255 g,2-苯基咪唑啉为294 g,甲醇的用量为1 500 g时,产品的收率达到97%,涂膜光泽度6%(60°)且性能优良,该消光固化剂可替代市售产品B68或与B68混合使用。     

新型聚酰胺/环氧固化体系性能的研究

采用部分国产多元胺替代进口多元胺研制出新型低粘度、低分子质量聚酰胺系列固化剂。通过热失重(Tg)、FT-IR及力学性能等分析方法研究其与环氧树脂E-51固化体系的性能。结果表明该类聚酰胺固化剂具有较普通聚酰胺固化剂粘度低、粘接强度大、韧性大及耐热性好等优点。     

水性环氧树脂固化剂的制备与改性

采用三乙烯四胺(TETA)/三羟甲基丙烷三缩水甘油醚(TMPEG)摩尔比为6∶1,反应温度为60℃、反应时间3 h的工艺条件下首先合成TMPEG-TETA加成物,然后用TMPEG-TETA加成物与环氧树脂物质的量比为2∶1扩链,最后用苯基缩水甘油醚封端,最终得到粘度较低的透明水溶性固化剂。固化剂可常温下固化环氧树脂,固化膜具有良好的光泽度、硬度、附着力及抗冲击性能。研究还发现固化剂中添加适量胺基硅氧烷能提高固化膜的光泽度和硬度,可有效提高涂膜的耐磨性。     

一种性能优良的国产双组分水性聚氨酯涂料的研制

用国产水性羟基丙烯酸分散体为主要成膜物,配以国产水性异氰酸酯固化剂,选用消泡剂、水性润湿剂、流平剂等国产原料研制出一种性能优良的双组分水性聚氨酯涂料。讨论了不同水性羟基丙烯酸树脂、消泡剂和n(—NCO)/n(—OH)的大小对涂膜性能的影响;固化剂的选择及用量对双组分水性聚氨酯涂料活化期的影响。结果表明,n(—NCO)/n(—OH)=1.3时涂膜的光泽度为95%,硬度3H,耐水性大于96 h,耐乙醇擦拭性较好。     

低粘度裂缝修复用压注胶的制备与性能研究

通过压缩强度、钢-钢拉伸剪切强度和粘度测试研究了不同稀释剂及固化剂对裂缝修复用压注胶性能的影响,结果表明,采用正丁基缩水甘油醚和自制的改性脂肪族酰胺多胺制备的压注胶,初始混合粘度130 m Pa·s,适用期57 min、压缩强度55 MPa、拉伸剪切强度19.0 MPa,可用于动荷载混凝土结构微细裂缝的修复。     

纳米二氧化硅改性激光全息涂料的性能研究

采用纳米二氧化硅对激光全息涂料进行改性。研究了纳米二氧化硅的加入及其用量对涂料粘度、光泽度、耐磨性、耐水性、涂膜硬度等一系列性能的影响,得到了纳米二氧化硅的最佳配方量。     

水性环氧涂料制备及性能

采用环氧树脂乳液和固化剂作为水性环氧涂料的成膜物质,考察环氧值与胺氢值物质的量比、涂料固含、消泡剂用量、固化时间等对涂膜性能的影响。结果表明：当环氧值与胺氢值物质的量比为1.6：1.0,涂料固含为32.5%、消泡剂用量为0.1%、固化时间为7 d时涂膜的综合性能达到最佳。     

环氧树脂低温固化剂的制备及性能测试

以苯酚、甲醛、四乙烯五胺及硫脲为原料合成了环氧树脂低温固化剂。通过固化时间、胺值及粘度等测试考察了原料配比、反应温度以及反应时间对固化剂性能的影响。结果表明,n(甲醛)∶n(四乙烯五胺)∶n(硫脲)∶n(苯酚)=1∶1.25∶1.2∶1,120℃下反应2.5 h合成出的固化剂,粘度为4.93 Pa·s,胺值(KOH)为381.24 mg/g,其与环氧树脂按照质量比1∶5混合并加入质量分数5%的DPM-30后,可在-12℃下13 h固化完全。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.