Study on solid solution and aging process of AZ91D magnesium alloy with cerium

The influence of Ce on solid solution and aging process of AZ91D magnesium alloy was analyzed.The results showed that the decomposition of β-Mg17Al12 phase in AZ91D magnesium alloy at 420 ℃ could be completed within 12 h,while this process in the Ce-containing alloy required more time.In subsequent aging process at 175 ℃,Ce obviously delayed the aging process of AZglD.It was inferred that the influence of Ce on process of solid solution and aging was relative to the Ce that existed in β-Mg17Al12 phase of original structure in the form of solid solution,and the interaction of the Ce and Al was an important factor to get process of solution and aging slowly.     

镁合金微弧氧化研究

在两种体系中研究了镁合金的微弧氧化.对比实验表明,磷酸盐体系中钕对氧化膜外观、厚度和耐蚀性有较大改善,提高钕盐浓度效果更佳;硅酸盐体系中,用稀土盐溶液浸泡试样后,制得的试样表面颜色较白,膜层分布更均匀,起弧容易.两种体系中用稀土转化膜取代镁合金表面的自然氧化膜进行微弧氧化处理,获得的陶瓷层分布更加均匀,表面更光滑致密,耐蚀性显著加强.     

Effect of rare earth elements addition on thermal fatigue behaviors of AZ91 magnesium alloy

Influences of rare earth (RE) elements addition on thermal fatigue behaviors of AZ91 alloy were studied. Repeated heating and cooling cycles were applied on the samples at 170 and 210 ℃ to develop thermal fatigue cracks. Crack growth mechanisms and microstruc-tural influences were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Thermal fatigue behaviors were observed to improve successively by addition of the RE up to 2wt.%. This improvement was attrib-uted to the consummation of aluminum in melt by precipitation of the needle shaped A11IRE3 phases. This process was attributed to the re-duction of Mg17Al12 phase volume fraction and consequent decrease of the brittle Mg/Mg17Al12 interface which was the main reason for weak thermal properties of the alloy at rather high temperatures. Further additions of RE, however, reduced the thermal shock resistance of the samples by increasing the mean length of the brittle needle shaped phases.     

Influence of Cerium on Corrosion of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

Effect of cerium addition on corrosion resistance of AZ91 magnesium alloy was investigated using the static weight loss and polarization curve method as well as metallographical observation. The results indicate that a small amount of cerium （0.2% - 0.8%） in AZ91 magnesium alloy can significantly reduce the corrosion rate, enhance the electrode voltage and lower corrosion current density in 3.5%NaCl aqueous solution, and AZ91-0.8% Ce alloy has better corrosion resistant performance. The reason for increasing corrosion resistance is attributed to the addition of Ce, refining the α-Mg grain, reducing the segregation of element Al, and improving the morphologies of β-Mg17 Al12 phases.     

AZ91D镁合金流变压铸成形组织特征

以AZ91D镁合金建筑刮板为例,将自行开发的锥桶式流变成形机(TBR)与TOYOBD-900V4-T冷室压铸机相结合实现了流变压铸成形工艺过程.研究了不同流变成形工艺下压铸件的组织特征,分析了成形过程中浆料的组织形成机理及凝固行为.结果表明:该流变成形工艺可以获得内部组织细小、初生α-Mg晶粒呈近球形或球形且分布均匀的成形件.当内锥桶转速为700r·min^-1时,压铸件内部组织较圆整、均匀,平均晶粒尺寸约45μm,形状因子约0.81.流变压铸过程中合金熔体的凝固主要经历了一次凝固和二次凝固两个阶段.     

离子选择性电极-逆格氏作图法测定镁合金微弧氧化衰变电解液中氟离子浓度

提出了一种将含氟的待测液加到氟离子标准溶液中以测定待测液中氟离子的方法--离子选择性电极 逆格氏作图法,并用此法测定了 AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化衰变电解液中氟离子浓度。待测试液中干扰离子和干扰的消除方法研究表明,从镁合金基体迁移到强碱性微弧氧化电 解液中的Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺和Fe³⁺离子均以沉淀形式被过滤除去, Mg²⁺、Al³⁺等离子的干扰以离子 强度剂TISAB消除,SiO₃^2-和多余的Al³⁺离子分别用C₄O₆H₂KNa 和EDTA掩蔽,溶液中的OH^-、Na⁺和K⁺均不干扰 氟的测定。用本法测定了老化的镁合金微弧氧化电解液中的氟离子浓度,加标回收率在99.7%～101.9%之间。用本法和离子选择性电极 标准曲线法对两种镁合金试样的微弧氧化电解液中的氟离子浓度分别进行测定并对测定结果的精密度和准确度进行分析,表明本法的精密度 比离子选择性电极-标准曲线法有所提高,而两种方法的正确度一致。本法可用于氟离子质量浓度高于1.9 g/L的复杂溶液体系中氟离子的 直接测定。     

Influence of neodymium on high cycle fatigue behavior of die cast AZ91D magnesium alloy

High cycle fatigue behavior of die cast AZ91D magnesium alloy with different Nd contents was investigated.Axial mechanical fatigue tests were conducted at the stress ratio R=0.1 and the fatigue strength was evaluated using up-to-down load method on specimens of AZ91D with different Nd contents.The results showed that the grain of AZ91D alloy was refined,the size and amount of β-Mg17Al12 phase decreased and distributed uniformly with increasing Nd content.At the number of cycles to failure,Nf=107,the fatigue...     

半固态AZ91D镁合金触变压铸充型过程的数值模拟

以半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料的流变性能的实验研究为基础,通过曲线拟合的方法建立半固态AZ91D镁合金的表观粘度的触变模型.根据此触变模型开发了半固态AZ91D镁合金触变压铸充型过程中的表观粘度计算程序,并嵌入在Castsoft软件中,实现了半固态AZ91D镁合金触变压铸过程的流场和温度场的模拟计算.模拟结果表明：充填速度和浆料温度对半固态AZ91D镁合金浆料的充填过程有显著影响,最佳充填速度的范围为2～5m·s^-1,半固态浆料的最佳温度范围为570～580℃.     

Effect of cerium and lanthanum additives on plasma electrolytic oxidation of AZ31 magnesium alloy

Plasma electrolytic oxidation（PEO） coatings on AZ31 magnesium（Mg） alloy were developed using the aqueous solution with alkaline silicate and sodium hydroxide as a base electrolyte system.The effects of cerium（Ce） nitrate and lanthanum（La） nitrate additives on the voltage response,microstructure,compositions and corrosion resistance of PEO coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,energy-dispersive spectrum（EDS）,X-ray diffraction（XRD） and potentiodynamic polarization tests,etc.The results showed that Ce and La additives increased the stable voltage and compactness of the PEO coatings,while,those did not change the compositions of the PEO coatings.The corrosion resistance of the PEO coating obtained in solutions with La nitrate of 0.1 g/L was the best,followed by that with Ce nitrate of 0.1 g/L and that without additives.     

Rheological behaviour of AZ91D magnesium alloy in semisolid state

Abstract

The rheological characterisation of semisolid AZ91D magnesium alloy has been successfully studied using a Couette rheometer. Different applied regimes by varying the temperature and the shearing in semisolid state revealed the rheological behaviour of the alloy and were confirmed by microstructural evolution. The apparent viscosity was the critical parameter that was studied during the applied regimes. The change in the morphology of the solid phase during the thermomechanical treatment was the main cause of the evolution of the apparent viscosity. The evolution of the morphology of the solid phase, from dendritic to globular, due to the shearing, had a significant impact on the rheological behaviour of the slurry which was correlated to the operating conditions by an analytical model.

L’étude de la caractérisation rhéologique de l’alliage de magnésium de type AZ91D à l’état semi-solide a révélé une étroite dépendance entre les conditions opératoires et les changements structuraux. Les régimes thermo-mécaniques choisis ont montré que la vitesse de refroidissement ainsi que le cisaillement imposé avaient un effet direct sur la viscosité apparente de l’alliage. Le passage d’une structure conventionnelle dendritique à une structure globulaire a réduit de manière significative la viscosité, tributaire de l’intensité ainsi que du temps de cisaillement selon un modèle analytique.     

熔剂FHRJ对含铈AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过对传统熔剂RJ-2和自制熔剂FHRJ对含铈AZ91D镁合金的显微组织和力学性能的研究对比,表明:含铈AZ91D镁合金采用自制熔剂FHRJ熔炼后,Mg17Al12相得到改善,晶内出现Al4C3形核质点,晶粒更细小,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度及延伸率等力学性能也比传统覆盖熔剂RJ-2更好。     

Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Microarc Oxidation Coatings on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

Magnesium alloys are widely used as shells of 3C (computer, mobile phone and consumer electronics) equipments for its impressive mechanical and physical properties, such as low density, good resistance to electromagnetic radiation, suitable for high pressure diecasting and easily recycling, etc. But poor corrosion resistance confines its extensively application. In this paper, protective coatings was successfully prepared on AZ91D magnesium alloys by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and painting process. Microstructures and phases of MAO coatings were invesgated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffractometer. Mechanical properties of MAO coating, such as adhesive force and corrosion resistance, were also tested. Results showed that MAO coatings were a good base for painting process. MAO coatings with paint have good adhesive properties to base metal and excellent corrosion resistance. Micro-arc oxidation with painting process is a good kind of surface treatment to improve the corrosion resistance of mobile phone shell made of AZ91D magnesium alloys.     

Grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy by Al-Ti-C-Y master alloy

Al-Ti-C-Y master alloy was prepared by combining SHS technique and melting-casting method. The microstructure of master alloy and its grain-refining effect on AZ31 alloy were investigated by means of OM, XRD, SEM and EDS. Experimental results indicated that the prepared master alloy consisted of α-Al, TiAl3, TiC and Al3Y phases, and exhibited good grain-refining performance of AZ31 alloy. Morphology of α-Mg changed from coarse dendritic to fine equiaxed and the average grain size of α-Mg matrix reduced from the original 580 to 170 μm after adding 1.0 wt.% master alloy. The grain refining efficiency of Al-Ti-C-Y master alloy on AZ31 alloy was mainly attributed to heterogeneous nucleation of TiC particles and grain growth restriction of Al-Y compound or TiC at grain boundaries.     

钇在AZ91D镁合金熔体中溶解机制的实验研究

研究了在不同温度条件下钇在AZ91D镁合金熔体中的溶解情况。试验结果表明,当试验温度为750℃时,熔体中Y含量增加缓慢。通过分析不同时刻未熔金属块内部微观组织形貌发现,有大量Y原子与Al原子在溶解过程中结合成Al-Y原子团。这些原子团聚集在未熔的金属Y周围,并随着保温时间的延长而不断增长。部分Al-Y原子团在重力作用下沉降到熔液底部,形成Y的偏聚。当试验温度为850℃时,体积较大的Al-Y原子团无法稳定存在,大量体积较小的原子团弥散分布在合金熔液中,从而没有出现偏聚现象。另外,随着温度的升高,Y原子的扩散速度以指数倍数增长,使得850℃合金熔液中的Y元素增加速度比750℃从3.50×10-3%/min增加到3.55×10-2%/min。     

粉末冶金法制备AZ91镁合金的组织及热性能

采用粉末冶金方法制备了AZ91镁合金,研究了烧结温度对合金的致密度和热导率的影响规律,并对烧结样品的物相和显微组织进行了分析.研究发现,AZ91镁合金的最佳烧结温度为610℃,致密度可以达到97.4%,实验条件下所获得的最高热导率可达到63.1W·m^-1·K^-1.X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜结果分析表明,烧结合金组织主要由α-Mg固溶体和β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相两相组成,其中β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂相表现出离异共晶β相和非连续析出β相两种主要存在形态.     

Corrosion behavior of rare earth cerium based conversion coating on aluminum alloy

The present paper focused on the use of the salt of rare earth cerium as corrosion inhibitor of aluminum by using cathodic electrolytic passivation method.The corrosion resistance and the microphology of the cerium passivation film were studied by the methods of electrochemical method,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis.From the results,it was shown that good corrosion resistance of cerium-based passive coating was obtained when the compositions were as follows:CeCl3·7H2O,0.05 mol/L;H2O2,30 ml/L;current density,1.1 mA/cm2;temperature,40 oC;time,9 min.SEM and EDS revealed that the cerium conversion coatings formed on the surface of aluminum alloy were related to cerium hydroxide/hydrated oxide depositions.     

Effect of samarium on microstructure and corrosion resistance of aged as-cast AZ92 magnesium alloy

The effects of samarium（Sm） on microstructure and corrosion resistance of AZ92 magnesium alloy were characterized and analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, mass loss test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and potentio-dynamic polarization test. The results showed that the added Sm could promote continuous precipitation of β-Mg17Al12 phase in grains, and meanwhile restrain discontinuous precipitation of the same phase along the grain boundaries. Thus, the precipitations distributed more uniformly in the aged AZ92 magnesium alloys. When the content of Sm was 0.5 wt.%, the corrosion resistance of aged AZ92 alloy tended to be the best, which was due to the β-phase distributes more homogeneous reducing the galvanic corrosion. The corrosion product film had more integrality and compactness than AZ92 alloys without Sm. However, it resulted in worse corrosion resistance of AZ92 alloy because of the formation of mass cathodic Al2 Sm phase coming from excess Sm in AZ92 alloy.     

AZ91D铸造镁合金交流脉冲双极微弧电沉积陶瓷膜

利用交流脉冲方法在AZ91D铸造镁合金表面成功实现阴、阳极微弧电沉积陶瓷膜,并使用SEM和XRD等手段对陶瓷膜的厚度、组织形貌、成分、结构和耐蚀性作了相应研究分析.结果表明,应用交流脉冲方法不仅能够在AZ91D铸造镁合金上实现阴、阳双极微弧电沉积陶瓷膜,同时在阴、阳极陶瓷膜中电沉积有稀土元素Ce.通过比较动电位扫描极化曲线和交流阻抗分析发现阴、阳极微弧氧化处理后AZ91D镁合金的耐蚀性得到显著提高.     

Grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy by AI-Ti-C-Y master ahoy

Al-Ti-C-Y master alloy was prepared by combining SHS technique and melting-casting method. The microstructure of master alloy and its grain-refining effect on AZ31 alloy were investigated by means of OM, XRD, SEM and EDS. Experimental results indicated that the prepared master alloy consisted of α-Al, TiAl3, TiC and Al3Y phases, and exhibited good grain-refining performance of AZ31 alloy. Morphology of α-Mg changed from coarse dendritic to free equiaxed and the average grain size of α-Mg matrix reduced from the original 580 to 170 μm after adding 1.0 wt.% master alloy. The grain refining efficiency of Al-Ti-C-Y master alloy on AZ31 alloy was mainly attributed to heterogeneous nucleation of TiC particles and grain growth restriction of Al-Y compound or TiC at grain boundaries.     

稀土元素铈对镁合金AZ91D显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等分析研究含铈镁合金AZ91D（0．25％Ce、0．7％Ce、0．95％Ce）的显微组织,并对其力学性能进行了测试,同时与不含铈镁合金AZ91D进行了比较。结果表明,加入一定量Ce后的镁合金AZ91D形成杆状化合物Al4Ce,被推移到生长界面,阻碍枝晶的自由生长,从而细化合金显微组织;Ce能提高镁合金AZ91D抗拉强度和硬度,而对其屈服强度和延伸率影响不大;加入0．7％Ce的AZ91D镁合金晶粒细化效果和综合力学性能比较理想。