InN纳米线的制备与表征

采用静电纺丝法制备出了高长径比的立方相In2O3纳米线。将In2O3纳米线置于NH3气流中进行原位氮化反应,合成得到了高质量的InN纳米线,转化率高达100%。通过调节氮化反应的温度及时间,系统研究了制备InN纳米线的最佳合成工艺参数。利用这种方法得到的氮化铟纳米线具有长径比高、直径分布单一、纯度高以及产量大的特点,为今后InN纳米器件的大规模制备和应用提供了一个有效的途径。     

水热法合成和表征有序排列BiFeO3纳米线

以硝酸铋和氯化铁为原料，NaOH为矿化剂，水热条件下制备了有序排列BiFeO3纳米线。利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对样品进行了表征。研究了矿化剂浓度和反应温度对产物结构和形貌的影响，结果表明在160-180℃制备了有序排列的BiFe03纳米线，纳米线的直径为50～100nm，长为200-500nm。     

Sb2S3纳米线的制备和表征

以硫化钠(Na2S)和氯化锑(SbCl3)为原料,采用水热法在240 ℃下反应12 h 制备了大量高长径比的Sb2S3纳米线.X射线粉末衍射测试结果表明,所制备的产物是正交Sb2S3晶相,其晶胞参数为:a=1.123 nm,b=1.131 nm,c=0.3840 nm.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)分析表明:所制备的Sb2S3纳米线为单晶并且沿[001]晶面生长,其直径为100～250 nm,长为100 μm.初步讨论了Sb2S3纳米线的生长机制.     

水热法制备掺Mn的ZnS纳米线及其磁学性能

采用水热法在低温下制备了MnxZn1-xS纳米线.MnxZn1-xS纳米线的形貌和微观结构用透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪进行表征.磁性能用振动样品磁强计进行测试.MnxZn1-xS的形貌取决于Mn的含量和在ZnS纳米粒子内外的分布.未掺杂Mn的ZnS纳米线的直径和长度分别为80～200nm和10～20μm.随着Mn含量的增加,MnxZn1-xS纳米线的平均直径逐渐增加,长径比不断减小.X射线衍射结果表明MnxZn1-xS纳米结构结晶性好,为六方纤锌矿结构.在Mn的掺杂量为0.25%时,矫顽力达到最大.随着Mn掺杂量的增加,饱和磁化强度也不断非线性增强.     

表面活性剂对微波水热合成磷化钴的影响

以氯化钴和黄磷为主要原料，以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）为结构导向剂，采用微波水热法制备了一维磷化钴（Co2P）纳米线。研究了表面活性剂及其加入量对合成Co2P晶相和形貌的影响，及其电化学性能。利用X-射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对产物的物相和显微结构进行表征。结果表明：引入表面活性剂均可以使试样中生成一维Co2P纳米结构，添加CTAB的试样中生成了大量的Co2P纳米线，其直径约为50~200 nm，产率和长径比均随着CTAB加入量的增加而增加。电化学性能结果表明，Co2P纳米线具有赝电容特性，循环稳定性较好，1000次循环后比电容保持率为68%。     

ZnSe微球在不同水热条件下的制备与表征(英文)

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和Na2SeO3作为原料,通过水热法制备ZnSe纳米晶。探讨了水热反应温度、反应时间、NaOH浓度和N2H4·H2O的添加量对最终产物的相组成、显微形貌和颗粒尺寸的影响,并借助XRD、SEM、TEM、PL等测试手段对产物的相组成、显微形貌和颗粒尺寸进行表征。添加20 mL 1 mol/L NaOH溶液和10 mL N2H4·H2O溶液,在180°C的温度下水热反应4 h制备的产物主要是立方闪锌矿结构的ZnSe微球,所得的ZnSe微球从内到外是由平均尺寸约20 nm的ZnSe纳米晶组成。结果表明:较低的水热温度和较短的反应时间都不利于得到结晶好的纯相ZnSe,产物结晶性不好,而且还会产生杂相和有较多缺陷。添加适量浓度的NaOH和水合肼才能确保得到形貌均匀、发光性能好的ZnSe微球。     

模拟体液法合成晶须状类骨纳米羟基磷灰石的研究

通过增加模拟体液中钙盐和磷盐的浓度,在模拟体液中合成了晶须状类骨纳米羟基磷灰石（HAp）粉体。利用X射线衍射（XRD）和红外吸收光谱（FTIR）分析粉体的物相组成和基本特征,利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）观察晶须的形貌、尺寸与生长方向,将粉体在500～900℃不同温度下热处理,研究其热稳定性。结果表明,晶须状羟基磷灰石的平均长径比为25：1（长100nm,直径4nm）,晶须沿c轴方向生长;热处理温度超过700℃,羟基磷灰石易发生分解。     

可控合成一维金银合金多孔纳米结构(英文)

报道了一种基于纳米晶体生长及表面修饰技术制备一维金银合金多孔纳米管的合成方法。实验采用多元醇热反应制备多种直径的银纳米线为前驱物模板,通过调控银线尺寸、表面修饰、热扩散、脱合金工艺等实验参数获得结构可控的一维金银多孔纳米结构。运用多种测试方法观察了无孔纳米管、多孔纳米管、多孔纳米线等多种一维结构的孔分布及连续结构。     

微波水热合成Co_2P纳米线及其电化学性能

以氯化钴和黄磷为主要原料,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构导向剂,采用微波水热法制备了一维磷化钴(Co_2P)纳米线。研究了表面活性剂及其加入量对合成Co_2P相结构和形貌的影响及电化学性能。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物的物相和显微结构进行表征。结果表明:引入表面活性剂均可以使试样中生成一维Co_2P纳米结构,添加CTAB的试样中生成了大量的Co_2P纳米线,其直径约为50~200 nm,产率和长径比均随着CTAB加入量的增加而增加。电化学性能结果表明,Co_2P纳米线具有赝电容特性,循环稳定性较好,1000次循环后比电容保持率为68%。     

水溶液体系中制备纳米银线的研究

在水溶液体系中,以蔗糖为还原剂、NaCl为前驱体络合剂、PVP为表面活性剂,通过水热反应制备得到了直径大约为40 nm,线径分布均匀、分散性良好的纳米银线。有效解决了目前多元醇有机体系下制备纳米银线洗涤困难,反应条件苛刻,后处理繁琐等问题。系统研究了还原剂用量、还原剂种类、Cl^-/Ag⁺摩尔比、卤化物种类和表面活性剂种类对于产物形貌的影响。结果表明,当还原剂蔗糖的用量为0.18 g,PVP的相对分子质量为58000,选择Na Cl作为络合剂,且Cl^-/Ag⁺摩尔比控制在1.26时,制备的纳米银线形貌均一,纯度较高,纳米线长径比大于1000。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。