A new class of chromatic filters for color image processing. theory and applications

This paper advances a new framework for chromatic filtering of color images. The chromatic content of a color image is encoded in the CIE u'v' chromaticity coordinates whereas the achromatic content is encoded as CIE Y tristimulus value. Within the u'v' chromaticity diagram, colors are added according to the well-known center of gravity law of additive color mixtures, which is generalized here into a nonlinear filtering scheme for processing the two chromatic signals u' and v'. The achromatic channel Y can be processed with traditional filtering schemes, either linear or nonlinear, depending on the specific task at hand. The most interesting characteristics of the new filtering scheme are: 1) the elimination of color smearing effects along edges between bright and dark areas; 2) the possibility of processing chromatic components in a noniterative fashion through linear convolution operations; and 3) the consequent amenability to computationally efficient implementations with fast Fourier transform. The paper includes several examples with both synthetic and real images where the performance of the new filtering method is compared with that of other color image processing algorithms.     

A Joint Image Coregistration, Phase Noise Suppression, and Phase Unwrapping Method Based on Subspace Projection for Multibaseline InSAR Systems

As is well known, image coregistration, interferometric phase noise suppression, and phase unwrapping are three key processing procedures of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR). The three procedures are cascaded in the conventional processing flow of InSAR. Unlike the conventional processing flow, in this paper we propose a joint processing idea to carry out image coregistration, interferometric phase noise filtering, and phase unwrapping simultaneously based on subspace projection for multibaseline InSAR systems. The joint processing method can perform the fine coregistration of all SAR images implicitly by extracting the correlation information in the neighboring pixel sets, suppress the phase noise by utilizing the orthogonality of the signal subspace and the corresponding noise subspace, and optimally estimate the unwrapped interferometric phases (or the terrain heights) by combining the pixel coherence and the baseline diversity of a multibaseline InSAR system. Simulated results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the joint processing method     

新颖的基于小波变换的数字水印方案

随着计算机网络技术与多媒体技术的快速发展，数字产品的版权保护已经成为信息技术领域中最重要的问题之一，提出了一种新颖的基于离散小波变换的数字水印方案，该方案利用改进的Pacthwork算法，将水印嵌入到LL子带中，水印信号在解码过程中无需使用原始图像可快速地重嵌入，该算法利用BCH码来降低误码率，应用所提出的算法，把一个32个字符的水印嵌入到图像中，实现结果表明水印是不可察觉的，经过JPEG有损压缩，低通与中值滤波等图像处理操作后仍是鲁棒的。     

几种图像去噪算法的应用分析

去噪处理是图像处理中较为重要的环节。从图像的噪声类型和去噪意义出发，讨论了均值滤波、中值滤波和小波变换三种常用的图像去噪方法，并对其去噪效果进行了对比分析，得出了三种方法各自的适用性特点。     

数字图像处理中几种平滑技术的研究比较

平滑技术用于平滑图像中的噪声．他是图像处理中的重要组成部分。本文针对均值滤波、中值滤波和自适应滤波三种平滑技术进行了分析比较。     

Robust local similarity filter for the reduction of mixed Gaussian and impulsive noise in color digital images

In this paper, a novel technique designed for the suppression of mixed Gaussian and impulsive noise in color images is proposed. The new denoising scheme is based on a weighted averaging of pixels contained in a filtering block. The main novelty of the proposed solution lies in the new definition of the similarity between the samples of the processing block and a small window centered at the block’s central pixel. Instead of direct comparison of pixels, a measure based on the similarity between a given pixel and the samples from the neighborhood of the central pixel is utilized. This measure is defined as the sum of distances in a given color space, between a pixel of the block and a certain number of most similar samples from the filtering window. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is that the new similarity measure is not influenced by the outliers injected into the image by the impulsive noise and the averaging process ensures the effectiveness of the new filter in the reduction of Gaussian noise. The experimental results prove that the novel filtering design is capable of suppressing mixed noise of high intensity and is competitive with respect to the state-of-the-art noise filtering methods.     

Chromatic Dispersion Compensation Using Digital IIR Filtering With Coherent Detection

Digital infinite impulse response (IIR) filtering is proposed as a means for compensating chromatic dispersion in homodyne-detected optical transmission systems with subsequent digital signal processing. Compared to finite impulse response (FIR) filtering, IIR filtering achieves dispersion compensation (DC) using a significantly smaller number of taps. DC of 80 and 160 km in a 10-Gb/s binary phase-shift-keying is experimentally compared for the two filtering schemes. IIR filtering can achieve performance similar to the FIR filtering scheme.     

Robust spatial watermarking technique for colour images via direct saturation adjustment

Most colour watermarking methods are realised by modifying the image luminance or by processing each component of colour space separately. This paper presents a novel and robust colour watermarking approach for applications in copy protection and digital archives. The proposed scheme considers chrominance information that can be utilised at information embedding. This work presents an approach for hiding the watermark into DC components of the colour image directly in the spatial domain, followed by a saturation adjustment technique performed in RGB space. The merit of the proposed approach is that it not only provides promising watermarking performance but also is computationally efficient. Experimental results demonstrate that this scheme successfully makes the watermark perceptually invisible and robust to image processing operations such as general image processing operations (JPEG2000, JPEG-loss compression, lowpass filtering, and medium filtering), image scaling and image cropping.     

Improved median filter using minmax algorithm for image processing

A new algorithm which incorporates standard median filtering is proposed for effectively removing impulsive noise in image processing. This computationally efficient approach first classifies input pixels and then performs a median filtering process. Simulation results show that the new scheme, regardless of high or low SNR, displays a superior mean square error (MSE) over standard median filters     

基于STM32的心电采集仪设计

文中介绍了一种基于STM32处理器的心电采集仪的具体设计方案,该方案实现了从强噪声环境下通过AgCl电极和三导联线心电采集线提取微弱心电信号,再经AD620和OP07为核心元件的模拟前端对采集到的心电信号进行滤波放大,最后通过STM32单片机进行数字化处理,得到清晰、稳定并能够反映人体实际心电特征的生物电信号,同时在LCD上实时显示。本设计简单实用、稳定性高,且具有一定的医用价值。     

ILS与VOR分析仪数字中频处理技术研究与实现

本文对仪表着陆与全向信标分析仪中航向信标信号基于FPGA的数字中频处理技术进行了研究,提出了一种基于数据分离滤波的数字中频处理方案。与传统的数字中频处理方案相比,对LOC多频调制信号进行了分离测量,提高了测试的精度,对仪表着陆与全向信标分析仪广泛应用于机场校飞、日常监测和设备维护有着重要的意义。     

遥感图像中云雾干扰的消除

本文是在O.R.Mitchell(1977)关于滤除卫星照片中云的掩盖一文的基础上,对去云的问题进行了进一步的研究。本文的发展有以下三点:(1)重新推导了关于云层失真的数学模型;(2)以新推出的数学模型为基础提出了两级滤波的处理方案;(3)提出了一种噪声抵消法和一种三维处理方案。对以上设想做了部分实验验证,在微型机上做了计算机模拟实验,还在S101图像处理系统上进行了正式实验,取得了初步有效的实验结果。     

On removing cloud interference in remote-sensing images

Improvements made to the cloud removal method for landsat MSS images proposed by O.R. Mitchell are presented. A more reasonable mathematical model for the cloud effect has been derived, and a two-stage filtering scheme based on this new model has been proposed. A filtering and a 3-D processing method for landsat MSS image noise cleaning has been developed to implement the scheme. A preliminary experiment shows promising results.     

Polynomial predictive filtering in control instrumentation: areview

Additional delay is an unavoidable drawback of conventional filters used frequently in industrial electronics. This delay is particularly harmful if the filtered primary signal is to be used for time-critical feedback or synchronization purposes. Therefore, predictive signal processing methods can offer significant advantages for these real-time applications. Polynomial predictive filters are specified without explicit passbands and stopbands, and they are behaving delaylessly or predictively for smoothly varying signal components. The degree of smoothness of the incoming signal sets the requirements for the applied filtering scheme and its parameters. Smoothness of a signal is a fuzzy and application-specific concept: the degree of smoothness depends on the ratio of the bandwidth of the primary signal and the applied sampling rate, as well as the noise component. In this paper, the authors review the most important polynomial predictive filtering methods and algorithms, their design and implementation techniques, and a collection of successful applications     

基于外照射的无源相干雷达系统及其关键问题

通过建立实验系统并对基于调频广播照射的单站无源相干探测系统原理的研究,提出了基于通道均衡、杂波抑制和距离多普勒相干匹配滤波的信号处理方案;分析了直达波和多径杂波为整数迟延和分数迟延时的杂波抑制方法及性能,讨论了通道频率特性以及通道非线性对相消性能的影响.对实测数据的处理结果表明通过设置良好的接收方案和利用提出的处理方法,能有效地探测和跟踪远距离运动目标.     

基于量化的扩频水印技术

随着计算机和网络技术的飞速发展，数字图像、音频和视频产品越来越需要一种有效的版权保护方法，数字水印技术为上述问题提供了一个潜在的解决方案。提出了一种基子量化的扩频水印技术，算法将水印信号与序列作扩频调制，调制信号通过量化策略嵌入到块ＤＣＴ变换系数的低频分量中，在嵌入过程中考虑到了局部图像的复杂度，能够自适应地调整嵌入强度，提取水印信号无需使用原始图像。仿真实验表明水印是不可察觉的，经过 ＪＰＥＧ有损压缩、低通与中值滤波、剪切等图像处理操作后仍是稳健的。     

Multiple-access interference suppression employing block-adaptation filtering technique in multipath DS-CDMA

A computationally-efficient fuzzy-logic controlled block adaptive filtering (FLC-BAF) technique is developed for asynchronous DS-CDMA systems with antenna arrays in multipath Rayleigh fading channels. This time-varying block filtering scheme employs a 2-to-1 fuzzy inference system (FIS) to determine the processing block size Q. Consequently, this FLC-BAF approach accomplishes a substantial reduction of the computational cost without compromising bit-error-rate (BER) performance and dynamic-tracking characteristic. Simulations are conducted to illustrate the BER and convergence/tracking superiority and to provide a comparative evaluation of the proposed algorithm to other known block processing algorithms.     

Real-time statistical process control using tool data[semiconductor manufacturing]

A process monitoring scheme that takes advantage of real-time information in order to generate malfunction alarms is described. This is accomplished with the application of time-series filtering and multivariate statistical process control. This scheme is capable of generating alarms on a true real-time basis, while the wafer is still in the processing chamber. Several examples are presented with tool data collected from the SECSII port of single-wafer plasma etchers     

双面阵三坐标雷达数据处理算法研究

论述了双面阵三坐标雷达处理方法和过程,主要讨论了以面阵三坐标数据融合算法,最后介绍静态卡尔曼滤波算法在三坐标目标跟踪中的应用,并将传统的滤波算法和卡尔曼滤波算法进行了比较。     

Adaptive Reduced-Rank Processing Based on Joint and Iterative Interpolation, Decimation, and Filtering

We present an adaptive reduced-rank signal processing technique for performing dimensionality reduction in general adaptive filtering problems. The proposed method is based on the concept of joint and iterative interpolation, decimation and filtering. We describe an iterative least squares (LS) procedure to jointly optimize the interpolation, decimation and filtering tasks for reduced-rank adaptive filtering. In order to design the decimation unit, we present the optimal decimation scheme and also propose low-complexity decimation structures. We then develop low-complexity least-mean squares (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms for the proposed scheme along with automatic rank and branch adaptation techniques. An analysis of the convergence properties and issues of the proposed algorithms is carried out and the key features of the optimization problem such as the existence of multiple solutions are discussed. We consider the application of the proposed algorithms to interference suppression in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. Simulations results show that the proposed algorithms outperform the best known reduced-rank schemes with lower complexity.