固体酸催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

综述了对甲苯磺酸、氨基磺酸、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、六水三氯化铁、五水四氯化锡、十二水合硫酸铁铵、一水硫酸氢钠、固体超强酸和杂多酸催化合成马来酸二异戊酯的方法。指出固体酸催化剂是催化合成马来酸二异戊酯的良好催化剂。     

钨硅杂多酸催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

以钨硅酸为催化剂，马来酸酐和异戊醇为原料催化合成马来酸二异戊酯。钨硅酸是合成马来酸二异戊酯的良好催化剂。最佳工艺条件为：在酸酐与醇的物质的量比为1：4，催化剂用量为，0.40g／0．05mol马来酸酐，异戊醇（带水剂）10mL，反应时间60min的条件下，马来酸二异戊酯的酯化率为96．81％。     

合成马来酸二异戊醅的催化剂研究

综述了氯化铁、硫酸氢钠、稀土固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2/La^3-、硫酸铁铵、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、复合型固体超强酸、氨基磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、混合金属氧化物固载杂多酸、钨硅杂多酸催化合成马来酸二异戊酯的方法。指出氯化铁、硫酸氢钠和硅钨杂多酸是催化合成马来酸二异戊酯的良好催化剂。     

合成马来酸二异戊酯的催化剂研究

综述了氯化铁、硫酸氢钠、稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3-、硫酸铁铵、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、复合型固体超强酸、氨基磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、混合金属氧化物固载杂多酸、钨硅杂多酸催化合成马来酸二异戊酯的方法.指出氯化铁、硫酸氢钠和硅钨杂多酸是催化合成马来酸二异戊酯的良好催化剂.     

氨基磺酸催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

氨基磺酸能够作为酯化催化剂。研究了利用氨基磺酸催化,由马来酸酐与异戊醇反应合成马来酸二异戊酯,讨论其影响因素和催化剂的重复使用性能。当马来酸酐、异戊醇和氨基磺酸的物质的量比为1：6：0．2,回流分水60min时,酯收率为93．7％,并催化合成马来酸二异丁酯和马来酸二正戊酯。     

混合金属氧化物固载杂多酸催化剂的制备及其催化性能研究

采用微波法制备了混合金属氧化物固载的杂多酸(HPA)催化剂HPA/ TiO₂-SnO₂,通过TEM、IR和TG-DTA等测试手段对催化剂进行了表征。在马来酸和异戊醇合成马来酸二异戊酯的反应中,考察了催化剂的催化活性以及影响酯化反应的相关因素。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为：醇酸摩尔比 6∶1 (马来酸用量为0.05 mol, 异戊醇用量为0.30 mol),催化剂用量 0.75 g,回流分水50 min。马来酸二异戊酯的收率＞91%。     

固体酸催化合成马来酸二戊酯

综述了对甲苯磺酸、氨基磺酸、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、六水三氯化铁、五水四氯化锡、十二水合硫酸铁铵、一水硫酸氢钠、固体超强酸和杂多酸催化合成马来酸二戊酯的合成方法。指出固体酸催化剂是催化合成马来酸二戊酯的良好催化剂。     

稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

研究了以固体超强酸SO∧2-4/TiO2/La∧3 为催化剂,马来酸和异戊醇为原料合成马来酸二异戊酯,并考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明,醇酸摩尔比为4.0：1,催化剂用量为1.0g（在马来酸用量为0.1mol的情况下）,带水剂甲苯为15mL,反应时间为3.0h是最适宜的反应条件,酯化率达98.2。     

稀土固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2/La~(3 )催化合成马来酸二异戊酯

研究了以固体超强酸SO2 -4 /TiO2 /La3 为催化剂 ,马来酸和异戊醇为原料合成马来酸二异戊酯 ,并考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明 ,醇酸摩尔比为 4.0∶1,催化剂用量为 1.0 g(在马来酸用量为 0 .1mol的情况下 ) ,带水剂甲苯为 15mL ,反应时间为 3 .0h是最适宜的反应条件 ,酯化率达 98.2 %。     

钛酸四乙酯催化合成马来酸二酯

主要研究了一种非酸催化剂钛酸四乙酯在酯化反应中的应用。采用非酸催化剂钛酸四乙酯作催化剂合成了马来酸二戊酯、马来酸二已酯、马来酸二庚酯和马来酸二异辛酯,并确定出了反应的工艺条件。得到的最终产品的结构通过红外光谱分析和元素分析进行了表征,产品的收率达98％以上。实验结果表明利用钛酸四乙酯作催化剂对上述酯的合成反应催化活性高,反应条件温和,制备的工艺流程简单,得到的产品纯度高,在酯化时间内酯化率均可达98％以上。     

Prevaporation of water/alcohol mixtures through the PVA membranes containing cyclodextrin oligomer

Prevaporation through the PVA membrame containing β-cyclodextrin oligomer (PVA/CD membrane) was performed for the mixtures of water/ethanol, water/1-propanol, and water/2-propanol. At higher alcohol concentrations, the water selectivities were greatly increased by CD for all the mixtures, in the order of 2-propanol/water>1-propanol/water>ethanol/water. The water permeation rate was decreased by CD, and the alcohol permeation rate was decreased much more for each mixture. At lower alcohol concentrations, the water selectivity for 1-propanol/water was slightly increased by CD, and that for 2-propanol/water was scarcely affeted, whereas that for ethanol/water was greatly increased. The water permeation rate was increased by CD for each mixture, and the relative increases in the water rates for propanols/water were smaller than that for ethanol/water. The permeation rate of 1-propanol as well as that of ethanol was decreased by CD, but the rate of 2-propanol was was increased. These effects of CD can be explained in terms of the inclusion strength. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

基于串联式干气密封的液态烃离心泵改造

介绍了干气密封的基本原理,采用泵用串联式干气密封对液态烃泵密封结构进行了改造.详细介绍了泵的干气密封改造方案,并进行了改造效果评价.通过干气密封改造,解决了泵机械密封易泄漏的难题,提高了泵的性能及可靠性.此外,装置的长期稳定生产得到了保障,并为液体烃泵的干气密封改造提供了值得借鉴的经验.     

优化操作 减少石脑油的输转损耗

石脑油是乙烯裂解装置的主要原因之一，针对乙燃裂解装置及石脑油输转系统改扩建后，石脑油在输转过程中所造成的油品损耗原因进行了分析，采取措施，优化操作，减少了石脑油的输转损耗，降低了企业的生产成本，经济效益显著。     

Near Infrared Spectroscopy for On-line Monitoring of Alkali- Free Cloth/Phenolic Resin Prepreg During Manufacture

A NIR method was developed for the on-line monitoring of alkali-free cloth/phenolic resin prepreg during its manufacturing process. First, the sizing content of the alkali-free cloth was analyzed, and then the resin, soluble resin and volatiles content of the prepreg was analyzed simultaneously using the FT-NIR spectrometer. Partial least square (PLS) regression was used to develop the calibration models, which for the sizing content was preprocessed by 1stDER +MSC, for the volatile content by 1stDER +VN, for the soluble resin content by 1stDER +MSC and for the resin content by the VN spectral data preprocessing method. RMSEP of the prediction model for the sizing content was 0.732 %, for the resin content it was 0.605, for the soluble resin content it was 0.101 and for volatiles content it was 0.127. The results of the paired t-test revealed that there was no significant difference between the NIR method and the standard method. The NIR spectroscopy method could be used to predict the resin, soluble resin and the volatiles content of the prepreg simultaneously, as well as sizing content of alkali-free cloth. The processing parameters of the prepreg during manufacture could be adjusted quickly with the help of the NIR analysis results. The results indicated that the NIR spectroscopy method was sufficiently accurate and effective for the on-line monitoring of alkali-free cloth/phenolic resin prepreg.     

碳酸环己胺用于化工装备气相保护的研究

研究了气相缓蚀剂碳酸环己胺（CHC）用于化工装备保护的可能性。结果发现,CHC只要有饱和蒸气存在就可以提供良好的保护,而一旦脱离其蒸气氛围,即失去对金属的保护作用,并认为CHC属物理吸附型缓蚀剂。试验结果证明,CHC只能用于密闭体系,得出与目前普遍认为CHC可用于经常打开的包装体系相反的结论。     

甲醇法制三氯甲烷技术经济简评

论述了三氯甲烷的市场情况,简介了三氯甲烷的生产工艺概况,提出了甲醇法制三氯甲烷的工艺流程、消耗定额、主要设备及劳动定员,提出了三废治理方案,进行了投资估算、成本估算及财务评价,得出了２０００ｔ／ａ三氯甲烷生产装置的财务评价指标。     

化工企业循环冷却水系统的节能技术探讨

在化工企业中,循环冷却水是一项常见且很重要的公用工程系统,但是它的能耗也非常高.据统计循环冷却水系统的用水量约占企业总用水量的85%～92%,用电负荷约占企业总用电量的20%～30%.故对化工企业中循环水系统进行节能优化,其效果对整个企业的节能影响甚大.     

双水相萃取废液中成相物质聚乙二醇的回收利用

研究了双水相萃取废液中聚乙二醇的回收利用,旨在降低生产成本,减少COD排放,推动双水相萃取技术的工业应用进程。以聚乙二醇-硫酸铵[PEG-（NH4）2SO4]组成的双水相体系废液为原料,采用脱色、浓缩、洗涤除去杂质的工艺技术路线,确定了从双水相废液中回收成相聚合物PEG的最佳工艺（：1）利用H2O2法脱色,最佳脱色条件：H2O2浓度为6%,脱色温度为60℃,脱色时间为4 h,体系pH值为9.0,脱色率达到85%以上（;2）采取盐析法浓缩,最佳电解质种类为Na2SO4,最佳加入量为每10 mL废液3.0 g Na2SO4,此时PEG浓缩比为3.45,PEG损失率为0.31%。按照药用级PEG产品质量标准,对干燥后的回收物进行质量检测。结果表明：回收的PEG产品外观呈浅黄色蜡状,电导率为10.8μs/cm,凝固点为37～40℃,pH值（5%水溶液）为6.33,较纯品PEG无明显差异。     

以柠檬醛为原料的香料合成研究进展

柠檬醛是一种很重要的香料化合物,是合成紫罗兰酮的主要原料,也是合成维生素A、甲基紫罗兰酮的主要原料,同时,柠檬醛还能合成柠檬腈、环状柠檬醛,香茅醇、橙花醇和香叶醇等重要的香料化合物,柠檬醛在香料工业中应用非常广泛。开展以柠檬醛为原料的合成研究对于开发利用我国的天然资源优势具有重要意义,综述了近二十年来以柠檬醛为原料的香料合成的研究进展。     

Rate of Oxidation of a Cobalt Catalyst in Water and Water/Hydrogen Mixtures: Influence of Platinum as a Reduction Promoter

The effect of a reduction promoter, platinum, on the oxidation of a cobalt catalyst was studied. An induction period was observed for the unpromoted catalyst which was absent for the Pt-promoted catalyst. The rate of oxidation was similar for both the Pt-promoted and unpromoted catalyst in the range of degrees of reduction between 50 and 10%. The rate of oxidation of the remainder of metallic cobalt was, however, faster for the platinum promoted catalyst.