曲酸在食品添加剂中的应用

简介了曲酸的物化性质及抗菌与抗氧化作用，与其作为食品添加剂在防腐、保鲜、抗氧化等方面的应用，及曲酸的安全毒理实验结果。     

壳聚糖对果蔬的抗菌保鲜效果及其应用研究进展

由于采后旺盛的生理代谢, 新鲜水果和蔬菜会出现品质劣变, 采取有效的抗菌保鲜策略是果蔬采后贮藏过程亟待解决的问题。天然大分子壳聚糖作为果蔬的活性包装材料具有来源广泛、安全和可生物降解等优点。本文综述了近年来壳聚糖基涂层/膜用于果蔬保鲜包装的抗菌保鲜效果及其对果蔬品质的影响, 首先介绍了壳聚糖的来源及应用特点以及制备壳聚糖薄膜材料的常用方法, 然后综述了壳聚糖及其与其他生物活性材料复合使用在果蔬保鲜中的应用, 并总结了使用壳聚糖基涂层/膜保鲜对果蔬外观品质、营养品质、挥发性香气物质等方面的影响; 最后, 对壳聚糖在果蔬抑菌保鲜机制方面的研究进行归纳介绍, 以期为其未来发展和应用提供新的思路。     

生物保鲜剂在果蔬保鲜中的应用研究进展

生物保鲜剂具有天然、无毒等特点,越来越受到人们的青睐,在果蔬保鲜中有着广阔应用前景。本研究概述了生物保鲜剂的定义与保鲜机理,然后从植物类、动物类、微生物类和酶类这4个方面详细阐述生物保鲜剂用于果蔬保鲜的国内外研究现状,分析了生物保鲜剂在果蔬保鲜发展中存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行展望,旨在为生物保鲜剂在果蔬保鲜应用的深入研究提供参考。     

抗菌材料在果蔬采后病害控制中的应用研究进展

抗菌材料是近年来发展的新型保鲜材料,因其优良的抗菌活性和广阔的应用潜能而成为研究的热点之一。本文首先阐述了无机抗菌材料、有机抗菌材料和复合抗菌材料的主要作用物质及其作用机理,然后着重介绍了各类型抗菌材料在果蔬采后病害控制领域的研究进展,最后对抗菌材料的发展进行了分析和展望,以期为果蔬采后抗菌保鲜材料的进一步研究开发提供借鉴。     

果蔬冷害化学控制技术研究进展

低温贮藏是延长果蔬保鲜期最为有效的保鲜方式之一。但冷敏性果蔬低温贮藏时容易产生冷害,严重影响果蔬品质,是限制果蔬保鲜期的主要影响因素。为控制冷藏果蔬冷害发生、延长其保鲜期提供的实用技术措施,本文综述了果蔬冷害发生的症状及化学方法控制果蔬冷害发生的研究进展,包括1-甲基环丙烯、茉莉酸甲酯、γ-氨基丁酸、一氧化氮、甜菜碱、草酸、苹果酸、水杨酸等化学物质在果蔬冷害防控中的应用。     

茉莉酸甲酯在采后果蔬品质控制中的应用

茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)是环戊酮衍生物之一,茉莉酸甲酯作为植物体内一类信号物质,在植物的生长发育、应激反应和次生代谢过程中发挥类似激素的作用,对植物的生长发育和防御系统都具有一定影响。本论文通过对茉莉酸甲酯对采后果蔬品质控制中的应用进行综述。茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)通过诱导果蔬产生并提高细胞壁水解酶(如几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶)和抗性物质合成酶(如苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶)的活性,从而增强果蔬对机械损伤和病原侵染的抗性。同时,茉莉酸甲酯还能能够诱导植物防御基因的表达,诱导果蔬产生一系列具有防御功能的次生代谢物质(如花青素等)来改善果蔬保鲜品质。     

曲酸及其衍生物的研究进展

曲酸作为一种新型的食品和化妆品添加剂,吸引了众多食品化学、医药、生物学家的研究兴趣。文中介绍了曲酸的结构、化学性质,并对曲酸生产的菌株、发酵方法、抗菌防腐、护色保鲜及其安全性能作了综述。     

可降解壳聚糖淀粉抗菌复合膜对红提葡萄保鲜效果的研究

目的研究可降解壳聚糖淀粉抗菌复合膜对红提葡萄的保鲜效果。方法设置可降解壳聚糖淀粉抗菌复合膜组、可降解壳聚糖淀粉复合膜组、市售PE保鲜膜组和空白组4个组进行红提葡萄保鲜效果研究。果蔬保鲜效果用失重率、好果率、呼吸强度、可溶性固形物和总酸等指标评定,其中失重率、好果率、呼吸强度和总酸采用常规方法测定;可溶性固形物的测定应用手持折光仪。结果红提葡萄贮藏60 d((3±1)℃)后,空白组的失重率超过30%,好果率仅为18%;市售PE保鲜膜组的好果率为20%;可降解壳聚糖淀粉复合膜组的失重率达到23%,好果率约为40%;可降解壳聚糖淀粉抗菌复合膜组的失重率仅为18%,好果率可达到60%以上。结论可降解壳聚糖淀粉抗菌复合膜具有良好的保水、抗菌功效,可应用于葡萄保鲜。     

壳聚糖基涂膜技术在草莓贮藏保鲜中的应用

随着人们对食品安全问题的重视, 生物基包装材料作用于果蔬保鲜现已成为研究热点之一, 壳聚糖来源广泛、绿色安全, 作为一种天然的生物涂膜保鲜剂具有良好的抗氧化性和抑菌活性, 在果蔬保鲜中具有较好的应用前景。文章以草莓为实验模型, 系统梳理了草莓保鲜技术, 重点综述了壳聚糖-植物提取物、壳聚糖-多糖、壳聚糖-酸涂膜材料与技术在草莓保鲜包装领域中的应用。通过对草莓采后及贮藏中失重、硬度、可溶性固形物、腐烂率等生理指标的概述对壳聚糖基涂膜在草莓保鲜中的应用研究进行分析和总结, 同时对果蔬保鲜的未来发展进行了展望, 以期为壳聚糖基涂膜在果蔬中的广泛应用提供参考。     

气体二氧化氯在果蔬杀菌保鲜方面的研究与应用

二氧化氯是一种国际上公认的性能优良、安全无公害的杀菌消毒剂和食品保鲜剂。国内关于二氧化氯在果蔬保鲜领域的研究多局限于液体二氧化氯,气体二氧化氯在果蔬保鲜方面的研究相对较少。气体二氧化氯较液体二氧化氯有许多优势,在果蔬杀菌保鲜方面有更加广阔的应用前景。本文综述了二氧化氯的杀菌保鲜机理及气体二氧化氯的特性与优点,总结了近年来国内外关于气体二氧化氯在果蔬杀菌保鲜方面的研究,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the