连铸工艺参数对20CrMnTi齿轮钢150 mm x 150 mm铸坯凝固组织影响数值模拟和生产应用

为改善20CrMnTi钢小方坯凝固组织,基于ProCAST软件中的CAFE模型,对其凝固组织进行数值模拟,研究了不同钢水过热度、铸坯拉速、二冷比水量对凝固组织的影响。模拟结果表明,降低钢水过热度、提高铸坯拉速、降低二冷比水量均可达到增大铸坯等轴晶率和细化晶粒的目的,其中过热度对其影响最大。过热度每降低10℃,等轴晶率平均增加3.7%;拉速每增加0.1 m/min,铸坯等轴晶率平均增加1.8%;比水量每降低0.1 L/kg,铸坯等轴晶率平均增加1.65%。生产应用表明,钢水过热度30℃时,当拉速由原2.2 m/min降低至2.1 m/min,二冷比水量由0.6 L/kg提高至0.7 L/kg,铸坯中心疏松明显减少。     

Modeling of Dendritic Evolution of Continuously Cast Steel Billet with Cellular Automaton

In order to predict the dendritic evolution during the continuous steel casting process, a simple mechanism to connect the heat transfer at the macroscopic scale and the dendritic growth at the microscopic scale was proposed in the present work. As the core of the across-scale simulation, a two-dimensional cell automaton (CA) model with a decentered square algorithm was developed and parallelized. Apart from nucleation undercooling and probability, a temperature gradient was introduced to deal with the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET) by considering its variation during continuous casting. Based on the thermal history, the dendritic evolution in a 4 mm × 40 mm region near the centerline of a SWRH82B steel billet was predicted. The influences of the secondary cooling intensity, superheat, and casting speed on the dendritic structure of the billet were investigated in detail. The results show that the predicted equiaxed dendritic solidification of Fe-5.3Si alloy and columnar dendritic solidification of Fe-0.45C alloy are consistent with in situ experimental results [Yasuda et al. Int J Cast Metals Res 22:15–21 (2009); Yasuda et al. ISIJ Int 51:402–408 (2011)]. Moreover, the predicted dendritic arm spacing and CET location agree well with the actual results in the billet. The primary dendrite arm spacing of columnar dendrites decreases with increasing secondary cooling intensity, or decreasing superheat and casting speed. Meanwhile, the CET is promoted as the secondary cooling intensity and superheat decrease. However, the CET is not influenced by the casting speed, owing to the adjusting of the flow rate of secondary spray water. Compared with the superheat and casting speed, the secondary cooling intensity can influence the cooling rate and temperature gradient in deeper locations, and accordingly exerts a more significant influence on the equiaxed dendritic structure.     

Φ800 mm圆坯Q355NE凝固传热数值模拟和工艺实践

以钢厂断面尺寸为Φ800 mm圆坯Q355NE为研究对象,建立大圆坯传热模型,在不采用结晶器电磁搅拌的条件下,研究拉速和过热度对凝固过程的影响规律。结果表明：拉速对坯壳厚度、凝固终点位置和中心固相率的影响高于过热度,拉速每增加0.02 m·min^-1,凝固终点后移2.6 m左右;过热度升高10℃,凝固终点后移0.21 m左右。实际生产中,二冷比水量0.18 L·kg^-1、过热度25℃、拉速0.14 m·min^-1时,出结晶器坯壳厚度超过43 mm,末端电磁搅拌充分发挥作用,铸坯中心疏松和中心缩孔较结晶器电磁搅拌(300 A/1.5 Hz)、二冷比水量0.18 L·kg^-1、过热度25℃、拉速0.16 m·min^-1工艺有所改善。     

37Mn5连铸圆坯中心等轴晶率预测

为控制油井管用连铸圆坯的质量,基于薄片移动法建立了连铸圆坯凝固传热数学模型,并应用Procast软件的CA—FE模块对37Mn5钢Ф150mm圆坯凝固组织进行了模拟。中心等轴晶率模拟结果与工业试验检测结果相一致,据此,建立了柱状晶-等轴晶转变判据。基于此判据的中心等轴晶率预测结果表明,降低过热度、提高拉速和降低二冷零段...     

Study on Solidification Structure of Wheel Steel Round Billet Using FE‐CA Coupling Model

Solidification structure of wheel steel round billet during the continuous casting process was simulated using FE (Finite Element)–CA (Cellular Automaton) coupling model. Variation of thermo‐physical parameters during solidification was considered based on a thermodynamic database. Meanwhile effect of electromagnetic stirring (EMS) was reflected by increasing both the thermal conductivity and crystal formation rate in liquid phase. It was found that the cooling curves and solidification structure calculated by this model agreed well with that in experiments. Optimum casting temperature range was discussed based on the simulation results and actual conditions in plant. An optimized casting superheat will be no more than 25 °C in order to obtain at least 50% equiaxed crystal ratio, while the degree of segregation in the billet is less than 1.05 correspondingly.     

SWRH82B铸坯凝固质量控制

针对安钢SWRH82B钢生产的工艺现状,研究了拉速、过热度、二冷配水等工艺参数对于铸坯中心缩孔、疏松和偏析等内部质量的影响。在实验室进行了铸坯凝固组织的研究,测量了二次枝晶间距,进一步了解连铸工艺参数对铸坯凝固组织的影响。     

降低过热度对方坯凝固组织的影响

结晶器内钢液过热度的降低可以促进柱状晶向等轴晶的转变和提高等轴晶率,从而有利于铸坯组织的均质化。基于上述原理,设计和制造了可用于降低钢液过热度的冷却水口,并在方坯连铸机上进行了工业试验,分析了低过热度技术对方坯凝固组织的影响。结果表明:采用冷却水口以后,结晶器内钢液过热度的下降幅度可达14℃,铸坯的等轴晶率提高了8%~24%,中心偏析和缩孔严重程度有所降低。     

低温度梯度结晶器的传热分析及工业应用试验

 结晶器内钢液凝固前沿温度梯度的降低可以阻碍柱状晶的生长、促进柱状晶向等轴晶的转变和提高等轴晶率,从而有利于铸坯组织的均质化。基于上述原理和结晶器传热计算,设计和制造了可用于降低钢液凝固前沿温度梯度的带隔热镀层的新型结晶器,并在方坯连铸机上进行了工业试验,分析了其对方坯凝固组织的影响。结果表明,低温度梯度结晶器可满足连铸生产要求;与传统结晶器相比,低温度梯度结晶器出口铸坯表面温度提高了108℃,相近拉速下该结晶器的平均热流密度相对更低,表明其减缓了钢液在凝固初期的传热,从而降低了凝固前沿的温度梯度;通过与低过热度、电磁搅拌技术相结合,低温度梯度结晶器生产的铸坯等轴晶率提高了8%～13%,中心偏析和缩孔严重程度明显降低。     

16MnNb钢圆坯连铸二冷制度的研究

 以某钢厂圆坯连铸机为研究对象,建立了连铸坯凝固传热模型。在不同拉速下对280 mm断面圆坯二次冷却过程进行仿真优化,确定了16MnNb钢合适的二冷制度。根据仿真结果,在最小工作拉速(0.9 m/min)下,矫直点处铸坯内弧表面中心温度为947 ℃,有效避开了铸坯的二次低延性区。在最大工作拉速(1.2 m/min)下,铸坯出结晶器时,其凝固坯壳厚度为19 mm,二冷初期产生漏钢等质量问题的可能性较小。不同拉速下,横断面温度场分布均匀。经低倍检测发现,铸坯表面及内部质量良好,无裂纹、疏松、缩孔等质量缺陷。     

小方坯齿轮钢连铸过程中的宏观偏析模拟

基于国内某厂齿轮钢小方坯连铸生产过程,利用ProCAST软件建立移动切片模型,能够高效模拟连铸过程中的宏观偏析,模型分别模拟研究了不同过热度、二冷水量和拉坯速度等对宏观偏析的影响。模拟结果与碳偏析检测结果吻合良好,验证了移动切片模型模拟连铸坯宏观偏析的准确性。由于溶质浮力的影响,内弧侧的宏观偏析强于外弧侧。随着过热度的增加,铸坯中心碳偏析度从1.06增加至1.15。过热度控制在25 ℃范围内,可以保证铸坯的宏观碳偏析度控制在1.10范围内。随着连铸二冷水量的增加,铸坯中心偏析改善程度较小,铸坯中心碳偏析度从1.16降低至1.13。随着拉坯速度的增加,铸坯中心偏析呈现加重的趋势,铸坯中心碳偏析度由1.14增加至1.21,拉坯速度控制在1.4 m·min–1范围内,可保证铸坯中心碳偏析度低于1.15。      

Compensation Control Model of Superheat and Cooling Water Temperature for Secondary Cooling of Continuous Casting

In this paper, a compensation control model of secondary cooling process of billet continuous casting for quality steel has been presented. The effects on the spray control of the various parameters such as steel superheat, casting speed, cooling water temperature and chemical component of steel were considered. The parameters of control model were determined to associate with the two‐dimensional heat transfer equation and solved by finite‐difference method. Effects of steel superheat and cooling water temperature on surface temperature, solidification structure and solidifying end point were discussed. Results indicate that steel superheat significantly affects solidification structure and solidifying end point but has a little effect on slab surface temperature. Moreover, secondary cooling water temperature affects surface temperature and solidifying end point but has a little effect on solidification structure. The surface temperature and solidifying end point can be maintain stabilized through applying the compensation control model when steel superheat and cooling water temperature vary. The models have been validated by industrial measurements. The results show that the simulations are in very good agreement with the real casting situation.     

Modelling of Heat Transfer,Dendrite Microstructure and Grain Size in Continuous Casting of Steels

The dendrite arm spacing and grain size in continuous casting has been studied by mathematical modelling and experimental measurements. Two in‐house tools have been used in the study. The heat transfer is calculated by the model called TEMPSIMU and the solidification as well as the microstructural phenomena by the thermodynamic‐kinetic software called IDS. The models are validated by comparison the calculated results with experiments from steel plants. In continuous casting, the solidification structure is also influenced by process parameters. In this study the effect casting speed, superheat and secondary cooling on arm spacings and grain size is also studied. The in‐house models and the obtained results are presented in this paper. Using the developed models, the heat transfer and microstructure can be controlled more accurately.     

连铸工艺参数对SWRH82B钢160 mm x 160 mm坯中心碳偏析的影响

试验研究了结晶器电磁搅拌频率、拉速、过热度及二冷强度对SWRH82B连铸小方坯中心碳偏析的影响。研究结果表明,结晶器搅拌电流为300 A时,低电磁搅拌频率下铸坯中心碳偏析情况较好;拉速为1.8 m/min时,提高二冷比水量有利于改善中心碳偏析,但二冷比水量过高会加剧偏析;拉速为1.8 m/min时,二冷比水量为0.75 L/kg较为合适,拉速为1.9 m/min时,二冷比水量为0.8 L/kg是比较合适的;当过热度在20～30℃时,过热度对铸坯中心碳偏析的影响不大。     

连铸工艺参数对SWRH82B小方坯内部质量的影响

分析了安钢第一炼轧厂150mm×150mm小方坯连铸机生产SWRH82B高强度预应力钢绞线用钢时连铸拉速、钢水过热度、冷却强度以及电磁搅拌等基本工艺参数对SWRH82B钢铸坯内部质量的影响,提出了在现有工艺条件下,生产SWRH82B钢最佳的连铸工艺参数。     

82B硬线钢碳硫偏析的影响因素及合理工艺参数研究

以现场试验和实验室分析相结合的方法,对不同连铸工艺条件下生产的82B铸坯的碳硫偏析行为进行了系统研究。结果表明:过热度、拉速和末搅拌三个影响铸坯偏析的因素所起的作用随铸坯内部位置和偏析元素种类的不同而不同。针对中心碳硫偏析,拉速的影响大于其它两个因素。在拉速提高的情况下,适当增加二冷强度可以有效地减轻铸坯的碳硫偏析特别是中心部位的碳硫偏析。中间包的水力学模拟表明适宜的拉速为1.8 m/min。     

优化连铸工艺改善SWRH82A钢150 mm x 150 mm 铸坯中心碳偏析实践

 为了减轻SWRH82A钢150 mm x 150 mm铸坯中心碳偏析,进行了拉速(1. 9 ~2. 3 m/min)、二冷比水 量(0. 75 ~ 1.24 L/kg)、过热度(25 ~38 °C )、结晶器电磁搅拌强度(300 - 350 A)和末端电磁搅拌强度(300 - 470 A) 连铸工艺参数试验。结果证明,合理控制拉速1.9-2.0 m/min,钢水过热度25°C 左右、比水量为1. 01 I7kg、结晶 器电磁搅拌强度为350 A/3 Hz、末端电磁搅拌强度为400 A/7 Hz时,铸坯中心碳偏析指数可以得到大幅改善,由原 来的1.21降为1.05。     

喷嘴喷淋距离对连铸小方坯二冷均匀性的影响

研究了不同喷淋距离下连铸小方坯二冷喷嘴的水量分布,建立了凝固传热模型分析了82B钢连铸坯的热行为。该模型特别考虑了二冷区铸坯表面宽度方向的水流密度分布,并根据铸坯表面测温结果进行了模型校正。采用凝固传热模型研究了喷嘴喷淋距离对连铸二冷均匀性的影响。结果表明:喷嘴喷淋距离的增加有助于提高二冷水横向分布的均匀性,导致铸坯表面温度横向均匀性降低、纵向均匀性提高。这些效果有助于改善铸坯内部裂纹,但是会对角部裂纹产生不利影响。在二冷区前段喷嘴采用低喷淋距离,二冷区末段采用高喷淋距离,既可以提高铸坯角部温度,又能降低表面最大回温速率,有助于同时改善连铸坯角部和内部裂纹。在此基础上,提出了一种连铸小方坯二冷喷嘴布置方式,即二冷区每段喷嘴喷淋距离沿拉坯方向逐渐增加,该方法有助于提高连铸坯“纵?横”冷却均匀性。      

降低SWRH82B铸坯中心偏析的探索与实践

通过大量的现场取样,结合实验室研究手段,系统的研究钢水过热度、拉速、二次冷却强度等工艺参数对高碳连铸坯中心偏析的影响,从而得出最佳的生产参数控制范围,改善swRH82B高碳钢连铸坯的中心偏析,提高铸坯质量和加工性能。     

连铸工艺参数对40Cr圆坯碳偏析的影响

为降低直径为900 mm的40Cr连铸圆坯的碳偏析,提高钢材的性能与产品质量,从优化圆坯连铸工艺参数角度出发,分析了过热度、拉速、二冷强度以及电磁搅拌对铸坯碳偏析的影响。结果表明,当过热度控制在25~35 ℃范围内,拉速为0.75~0.85 m/min,二冷比水量为0.30 L/kg时,有利于改善铸坯碳偏析情况。对结晶器电磁搅拌以及末端电磁搅拌的参数测试分析得出,当结晶器和末端电磁搅拌电流以及频率参数分别设为180 A/3 Hz以及400 A/8 Hz时,铸坯碳偏析情况明显改善。采用优化后的连铸工艺参数进行生产试验,对20炉次对应的棒材横截面碳偏析情况进行跟踪测试,结果显示,碳偏析指数极差由优化前的0.07%~0.08%下降到0.04%以下。     

控制高碳钢中心碳偏析的工艺实践

针对方坯连铸过程中产生的连铸坯中心偏析问题,日钢第一炼钢厂采取了一系列控制措施,如减少钢液成分波动、降低中间包内钢液过热度、制定合适的拉速和温度匹配制度并保持恒拉速、优化结晶器电磁搅拌参数、控制合适的二冷强度、使用凝固末端电磁搅拌等,使高碳钢铸坯中心偏析明显改善,w[C]≥0.60%的高碳钢中心碳偏析(≤1.5级)合格率100%。