纳米碳酸铝铵前驱体制备的研究EI

以硫酸铝铵(NH4Al(SO4)2)和碳酸氢铵(NH4HCO3)为主要原料,采用沉淀法制备纳米碳酸铝铵(AACH)前驱体,并利用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)对前驱体的物相和形貌进行表征.研究表明,滴定速度和陈化时间对前驱体的形貌略有影响,而滴定方式和pH值对其影响较大.将硫酸铝铵溶液滴入碳酸氢铵溶液中,调节体系的pH值9-10,并将其陈化12小时,可以得到较好的前驱体.     

纳米碳酸铝铵前驱体制备的研究

以硫酸铝铵(NH4Al(SO4)2)和碳酸氢铵(NH4HCO3)为主要原料,采用沉淀法制备纳米碳酸铝铵(AACH)前驱体,并利用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电镜(TEM)对前驱体的物相和形貌进行表征.研究表明,滴定速度和陈化时间对前驱体的形貌略有影响,而滴定方式和pH值对其影响较大.将硫酸铝铵溶液滴入碳酸氢铵溶液中,调节体系的pH值9-10,并将其陈化12小时,可以得到较好的前驱体.     

立方纳米氧化镁的制备及形貌表征

利用直接沉淀法得到片状氢氧化镁前驱体,再结合煅烧法得到立方纳米氧化镁;为优化实验条件,讨论氢氧化镁前驱体及氧化镁的形貌影响因素。实验结果表明:当氢氧化钠的物质的量浓度为0. 5 mol/L、镁盐物质的量浓度为0. 4 mol/L时,可得到分散性较好的片状氢氧化镁前驱体;当氯化镁的纯度较高时,氢氧化镁结晶度进一步提高,呈现出分散均匀的花瓣状薄片形貌;煅烧温度控制在1 150℃时,所得到的立方纳米氧化镁分散性较好。     

钛酸盐一维纳米材料向TiO2纳米材料的水热转化研究

采用强碱性水热处理法分别控制第一次水热反应为160℃和200℃,制备出一维纳米管和纳米棒2种形貌的产物,将其作为第二次水热反应的前驱体,考察了第二次水热体系中pH值和温度对TiO2纳米材料的晶相组成及其微观形貌的影响;采用XRD、TEM以及HRTEM对样品进行了分析.结果表明,当以纳米管为前驱体时,除在pH=0的体系中得到了以金红石相为主的单晶纳米棒外,在pH值为2、4和7的条件下均得到了单晶纯锐钛矿相TiO2纳米颗粒.当以纳米棒为前驱体时,在pH=0的体系中得到了金红石相与板钛矿相共存的纳米棒和纳米颗粒混合产物;在pH值为2、4和7的条件下均得到了纯锐钛矿相TiO2纳米棒;当二次水热温度低于180℃时,前驱体没有转化完全,所得产物为前驱体与锐钛矿相TiO2共存的纳米棒;当水热温度为180℃和210℃时,产物为纯锐钛矿相纳米棒.     

微波-超声波喷雾热解法制备超细球形ITO粉体的研究

以InCl_3·4H_2O和SnCl_2·2H_2O为原料,水为溶剂溶解作为前驱体溶液,采用微波管式炉加热联合超声波喷雾热解法制备得到ITO粉体。实验研究了不同微波热解温度和添加柠檬酸对ITO产品的微观形貌的影响,利用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM、EDS、TEM对样品的结构特征和微观形貌进行了表征分析。研究结果表明,前驱液浓度、温度和添加剂是影响氧化铟锡(ITO)粉体形貌的关键因素。得到粒径较小、分散性好和形貌呈球形的超细粉体的最佳条件为:温度650℃,前驱体原溶液浓度0.01mol/L,柠檬酸浓度0.004mol/L,载气速率0.6L/min,加入200目滤网。     

钨粉颗粒形貌对钨铜合金药型罩破甲性能的影响

为了研究钨粉形貌对钨铜合金药型罩破甲性能的影响,采用了4种不同颗粒形貌的钨粉,利用机械合金化法和冷等静压旋压工艺制备钨铜合金药型罩,并对钨铜合金药型罩射孔弹进行了地面静破甲穿钢靶试验,通过试验分析钨粉形貌对钨铜合金药型罩破甲性能的影响。结果表明:钨粉颗粒完整、形貌为多面体的钨粉,其松装密度达到9.564 g/cm³,制备的钨铜合金药型罩的破甲深度达到338.3 mm,破甲稳定性达到99.21%;而钨粉颗粒有缺陷、形貌为类球状的钨粉,其松装密度仅为7.142 g/cm3,制备的钨铜合金药型罩的破甲深度达到338.3 mm,破甲稳定性达到99.21%;而钨粉颗粒有缺陷、形貌为类球状的钨粉,其松装密度仅为7.142 g/cm³,制备的钨铜合金药型罩的破甲深度为288.1 mm,破甲稳定性为92.7%,分别下降了17.4%和7.6%。     

采用旋转镀膜技术的溶液沉积法合成的LiMn2O4薄膜形貌与合成条件之间的关系研究

通过旋转镀膜技术的溶液沉积法制备LiMn2O4薄膜,详细讨论了影响LiMn2O4薄膜形貌的各种因素.研究表明前驱体溶液溶剂、溶液浓度、匀胶速度、升温速度以及加热分解温度和时间等对薄膜形貌有重大影响.实验表明LiMn2O4前驱体溶液浓度为0.2mol/L,匀胶速度为3000r/min,匀胶时间为30s,加热分解温度350℃,加热分解时间20min,升温速度为10℃/min为较为理想的一组合成条件.     

纳米三氧化钨的水热合成及其性能研究

以钨酸为前驱体,利用水热合成法制备出纳米三氧化钨粉体,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)对合成产物进行了结构表征,前驱体钨酸的制备温度对纳米三氧化钨的形貌有较大影响,钨酸的制备温度为60℃时合成出具有纳米尺寸的菱形结构。比较不同条件下制备的纳米三氧化钨的气敏性能,随着乙醇和丙酮浓度的升高,它们的输出电压均呈现出上升的趋势,80℃下制备的钨酸水热合成的纳米三氧化钨不具有稳定的电压,具有菱形结构的纳米三氧化钨材料具备优异的气敏性能。     

超声雾化热分解法制备超细SnO2粉体及其形貌和粒度控制

以SnCl4·5H2O为原料,采用喷雾热分解法制备超细SnO2粉体,结果表明,通过控制反应炉温、前驱体溶液浓度、载气流量,选择合适的添加剂可以有效调控粉体的粒度与形貌.当反应条件为温度600℃、前驱体盐溶液浓度0.4mol/L、载气流量124L/h和柠檬酸浓度0.004mol/L,得到的SnO2颗粒大小在1.4μm左右,粒度分布均匀,结晶度高,球形度好.     

喷雾热解法制备PDP用(Y,Gd)BO3:Eu球形荧光粉

为了得到无团聚的球形荧光粉颗粒以提高其物理和光学性能,以尿素为前驱体溶液中的添加剂,合成了等离子显示用(Y,Gd)BO3:Eu红色荧光粉.在喷雾热解过程中,通过前驱体溶液的性质来控制颗粒形貌,改善荧光粉的光学性能.获得的结果表明,前驱体溶液中加入尿素成分,能够影响颗粒形成过程、改善颗粒表面状态,从而可以促使最终产物具有良好的形貌和优异的发光强度.     

Seed Growth of Tungsten Diselenide Nanotubes from Tungsten Oxides

We report growth of tungsten diselenide (WSe₂) nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition with a two‐zone furnace. WO₃ nanowires were first grown by annealing tungsten thin films under argon ambient. WSe₂ nanotubes were then grown at the tips of WO₃ nanowires through selenization via two steps: (i) formation of tubular WSe₂ structures on the outside of WO₃ nanowires, resulting in core (WO₃)–shell (WSe₂) and (ii) growth of WSe₂ nanotubes at the tips of WO₃ nanowires. The observed seed growth is markedly different from existing substitutional growth of WSe₂ nanotubes, where oxygen atoms are replaced by selenium atoms in WO₃ nanowires to form WSe₂ nanotubes. Another advantage of our growth is that WSe₂ film was grown by simply supplying hydrogen gas, where the native oxides were reduced to thin film instead of forming oxide nanowires. Our findings will contribute to engineer other transition metal dichacogenide growth such as MoS₂, WS₂, and MoSe₂.     

电沉积钨及钨合金涂层的研究进展

金属钨及含钨涂层具有优良的性能,如高熔点、高硬度、良好的化学稳定性和较低的热膨胀系数,在多个领域被广泛应用,金属钨及含钨涂层有很多制备方法,其中电沉积法具有重要的地位。综述了熔盐电沉积钨涂层及溶液电沉积钨合金涂层的研究进展,并展望了熔盐电沉积钨涂层及溶液电沉积钨合金涂层的发展趋势。     

Plasma Synthesis and Characterization of Tungsten Carbide from Tungsten Scrap

This paper deals with some studies on thermal plasma processing of tungsten scrap containing tungsten (≥ 90%) with balance as nickel and iron for preparation of tungsten carbide. Characterization of the same with respect to phase analysis, bulk chemical analysis and microstructural analysis with EDS is reported here. Effect of sodium chloride on separation of nickel and iron from the carbide matrix is also discussed.     

Synthesis of Porous Tungsten from Tungsten–Cadmium Film Coatings

Solid solutions (alloys) with a Cd concentration of 50.3–76.3 at % were synthesized for the first time in the form of coatings by ion–plasma sputtering and codeposition of ultrafine W and Cd particles. When coatings were formed by tungsten and cadmium nanolayers, the components dissolved mutually to produce solid solutions of one metal in the other. A solid solution of cadmium in tungsten was synthesized at Cd concentrations up to 60.9 at %. At a cadmium concentration of 68.6 at % in the coating, the crystalline structure of cadmium with an admixture of amorphous tungsten was produced. At 800°C, tungsten evaporated from tungsten–cadmium coatings to form porous tungsten. The results of examination of materials fabricated on the basis of porous tungsten are planned to be used in practice.     

钨强劲反弹

针对国际钨品价格从9月份开始出现的强劲反弹,评述了我国钨品的产销状况,分析了国内外钨品的消费情况,并对之后国内外钨品市场状况进行了展望.     

High-Resolution Patterning of Organic–Inorganic Photoresins for Tungsten and Tungsten Carbide Microstructures

Tungsten is an important material for high-temperature applications due to its high chemical and thermal stability. Its carbide, that is, tungsten carbide, is used in tool manufacturing because of its outstanding hardness and as a catalyst scaffold due to its morphology and large surface area. However, microstructuring, especially high-resolution 3D microstructuring of both materials, is a complex and challenging process which suffers from slow speeds and requires expensive specialized equipment. Traditional subtractive machining methods, for example, milling, are often not feasible because of the hardness and brittleness of the materials. Commonly, tungsten and tungsten carbide are manufactured by powder metallurgy. However, these methods are very limited in the complexity and resolution of the produced components. Herein, tungsten ion-containing organic–inorganic photoresins, which are patterned by two-photon lithography (TPL) at micrometer resolution, are introduced. The printed structures are converted to tungsten or tungsten carbide by thermal debinding and reduction of the precursor or carbothermal reduction reaction, respectively. Using TPL, complex 3D tungsten and tungsten carbide structures are prepared with a resolution down to 2 and 7 μm, respectively. This new pathway of structuring tungsten and its carbide facilitates a broad range of applications from micromachining to metamaterials and catalysis.     

不同辐照粒子下钨及钨合金辐照损伤行为的研究进展

研究核聚变、准稳态等离子体下面向等离子体材料的辐照行为,发展适合于先进实验超导托卡马克(EAST)、国际热核聚变实验堆(ITER)和中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)长脉冲高参数运行乃至未来聚变反应堆稳态运行的高性能面向等离子体材料是当前核聚变研究一项艰巨而又紧迫的任务。钨因具有高熔点、高导热率、低溅射腐蚀速率、高自溅射阀值以及低蒸气压和低氚滞留等优异性能,被认为是聚变装置最具有前景的面向等离子体材料。综合评述了钨及钨合金在不同辐照粒子下损伤行为的最新研究进展。粒子辐照造成的微观缺陷在钨及钨合金内部累积,辐照造成缺陷的形成和数量与钨基材料颗粒微观结构、第二相成分等密切相关,辐照缺陷情况各异。同时,辐照粒子种类、能量、剂量和温度等辐照条件都会对钨材料辐照后的形貌特征和缺陷产生重要影响。     

纯钨零件的粉末注射成形工艺研究

本文以高能球磨钨粉和高纯钨粉为原料,采用粉末注射成形技术成功制备出具有复杂形状的纯钨及添加稀土的钨零件。重点研究了注射成形工艺参数对其微观结构及其力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,以高能球磨后的钨粉和Y2O3为原料,采用注射成形工艺可制备出烧结密度为18．26g／cm^3,相对密度为94．61％的钨零件,较佳的工艺参数为：粉末装载量为52％,注射温度为165℃,注射压力为65MPa,烧结温度为2300℃。研究结果还表明：稀土元素氧化物的添加,可显著提高注射成形钨零件的烧结密度,明显细化烧结后样品的晶粒。这是由于稀土氧化物作为第二相粒子弥散分布于晶界处,阻碍了位错的运动和高温烧结时晶粒的长大。     

氮离子注入钨的微观分析

对不同剂量N 离子注入钨的试样进行了XRD及XPS微观分析 ,研究注入层的元素、成分、化学态以及有关的相结构。结果表明 ,注入层除了单质W外 ,还有氧化物WO3 ,氮 氧 钨的化合物 ,如Wx(N ,O)以及氮化物δ WN ,随着氮离子注入剂量的增加 ,Wx(N ,O)减少 ,而δ WN量增加 ,污染物WO3 也相应减少。文中对有关机理作了相应的探讨。