凝胶注模成形Ti6Al4V钛合金的组织和性能研究

目的 为了实现低成本、低能耗、高效率制备大尺寸复杂形状钛合金的问题,以凝胶注模技术为成形手段,制备近净成形Ti6Al4V合金,并研究其组织及性能.方法 通过溶液包覆法,在Ti6Al4V钛合金球形粉末表面包覆石蜡(PW),分析有机包覆层在凝胶注模过程中的作用机制及流变行为的影响,测定包覆前后不同粉末进行凝胶注模烧结后的组...     

Fe-Cu-C合金的凝胶注模成形工艺的研究

采用凝胶注模成形工艺制备Fe-Cu-C合金,研究了该合金体系中不同固相体积分数对凝胶注模干燥速率和干燥收缩的影响,以及不同粒度所能达到的最大固相体积分数及其对干燥速率和干燥收缩的影响.并用此工艺制备出了相对密度为90%,抗拉强度为365MPa,抗弯强度为1080MPa,且组织均匀、形状复杂的Fe-PCu-C合金.     

凝胶注模成形法制备多孔铝及其性能研究

为了开发多孔铝制备新工艺与提高性能,采用凝胶注模法制备了形状较复杂的多孔铝。探讨了固相含量和烧结温度对多孔铝的密度、孔隙率、显微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随固相含量的增加,烧结体密度随之增大,抗压缩性能提高;在不添加烧结助剂的条件下,680℃为最佳烧结温度。制得的多孔铝为开孔结构,孔隙率在34%～53%间可调,平均孔径3.82μm,抗压强度76.8MPa,比表面积0.12m2/g。     

凝胶注模成形技术理论研究

简要概述了凝胶注模成形工艺的研究背景,介绍了凝胶注模成形工艺的原位固化原理、陶瓷浓悬浮体的流变学基础及该工艺坯体干燥物理机制,并对凝胶注模成形工艺研究领域的拓宽进行了预测.     

陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺的研究与发展

论述了凝胶注模成型工艺的几种凝胶体系,包括丙烯酰胺凝胶体系、高聚糖凝胶体系、壳聚糖凝胶体系、蛋白藻酸钠凝胶体系以及尿素-甲醛凝胶体系.分析了分散剂对制备低粘度、高固相浆料的影响,并简要讨论了复相陶瓷的凝胶注模成型工艺.     

空心涡轮叶片凝胶注模陶瓷浆料的设计与制备

为获得较低的黏度、较好流动性以及高固相含量的陶瓷浆料,采用同轴圆筒旋转黏度计,测试了不同配方双峰级配电熔刚玉粉体浆料的表观黏度,研究了粉体粒径、颗粒形貌以及级配比例对浆料流动性和固相含量的影响规律.研究表明:粗细颗粒的大粒径比、规则球形、宽粒度分布有利于制备低黏度高固相含量的陶瓷浆料.成功制备了表观黏度仅为0.411 Pa·s、固相含量为63%的陶瓷浆料,制备的陶瓷铸型在1 300℃下的强度大于18 MPa,烧成收缩率小于1%.     

叔丁醇-水基凝胶注模工艺因素研究

以叔丁醇-水混合介质为溶剂,丙烯酰胺(acrylamide, AM)为单体进行凝胶注模成型,研究了叔丁醇含量、反应温度、引发剂和催化剂加入量等参数对凝胶时间与胶体形态的影响。结果发现,凝胶时间随叔丁醇用量的增加而增加,但随反应温度的提高显著下降;随引发剂含量的增加,凝胶时间先快速降低至一定水平后保持较为稳定的状态,继续增加引发剂用量,凝胶时间基本呈线性增加;随催化剂用量的增加,凝胶时间持续减少,在催化剂加入量较低时凝胶时间变化显著。在反应温度25℃、叔丁醇含量30%(体积分数)、引发剂2.5%(质量分数)、催化剂0.1%(质量分数)时,凝胶时间为25 min,凝胶时间适宜,所得样品表面质量良好,干燥收缩率较低,能够满足实际需要。     

碳化硼陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺研究

研究了分散剂用量、固相体积含量对碳化硼浆料粘度的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对素坯微观结构进行了表征。结果表明,以正辛醇为分散介质,当分散剂CH-10S用量为3%(质量分数)时,可以制得固相体积含量为55%的碳化硼浆料。素坯的抗弯强度为38MPa,且素坯中碳化硼颗粒堆积紧密,而且颗粒分散均匀。     

凝胶注模成型制备医用多孔钛植入材料及其性能

应用一种新的近净成型技术——凝胶注模成型技术，成功制备大尺寸、复杂形状医用多孔钛人造骨替代材料，并研究了凝胶注模成型工艺参数对浆料流动特性、坯体强度及烧结体孔隙、力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：预混液中有机单体的浓度、单体／交联剂比例以及固相含量是决定钛粉浆料表观粘度、Gelcasting坯体强度的重要参数；对于医用多孔钛植入材料的凝胶注模成型工艺，适合的顸混液单体浓度为30％（质量分数），单体，交联剂比例为120：1，浆料固相含量为34％（体积分数）；1100℃保温1．5h是凝胶注模成型多孔钛较为适合的烧结工艺路线；所制得孔隙度46．5％、开孔隙度40．7％多孔钛的抗压强度158．6MPa、弹性模量8．5GPa，与自然骨基本匹配，适合作为人造骨替代材料。     

氧化铝陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺的研究

探讨了陶瓷凝胶注模成型的机理和特点,研究了固相体积含量、pH值、分散剂等对制备低粘度、高固相体积含量的氧化铝陶瓷悬浮液的影响.实验结果表明,固相体积分数为55%,浆料的粘度可以满足注模的需要时坯体抗弯强度可达30MPa.控制pH值为9左右,加入8%(质量分数)的PMAA-NH4分散剂,可制得粘度低、流动性好适宜于复杂形状制品注模的陶瓷浆料.     

Thermomechanical Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Ti-6Al-4V, among the Ti alloys, is the most widely used. In the present work, the behavior of Ti-6Ak-4V alloy has beeninvestigated by the uniaxial hot isothermal compression tests and a series of dilatometric experiments were also carried out todetermine the transformation temperatures at different cooling rates. Specimens for hot compression tests were homogenizedat 1050℃ for 10 min and then quickly cooled to different straining temperatures from 1050 to 850℃. Cooling rates were chosenfast enough to prevent high temperature transformation during cooling. Compression tests were conducted at temperaturesfrom 1050 to 850℃ in steps of 50℃ at constant true strain rates of 10~(-3) or 10~(-2) s~(-1). The apparent activation energy forcompression in two-phase region was calculated 420 kJ·mol~(-1). Partial globularization of cr phase was observed in the specimendeformed at low strain rates and at temperatures near the transformation zone and annealed after deformation.     

Hydrogen Treatment of Cast Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

This paper presents the results of an investiga-tion of the effect of hydrogen treatment onmicrostructures and tensile and low cycle fatigueproperties of a Ti-6Al-4V cast alloy.The phasetransformation and the refining mechanism of thecast microstructure during the process of hydrogentreatment were studied.It was found that afterhydrogen treatment,the coarse Widmanstttenstructure of the as-cast Ti alloy was transformedinto a very fine and equiaxed α+β microstructurewithout any GBα phase.The tensile strength andductility and the low cycle fatigue life of thehydrogen treated specimens were significantly im-proved.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金的室温蠕变行为

研究了Ti-6Al-4V钛合金板材的室温蠕变行为及其对合金后续使用性能的影响.结果 表明:合金的宏观织构、应力水平以及预塑性应变都显著影响其室温蠕变行为.在加载方向上合金的<0001>峰值极密度越高,则其加工硬化指数越大、蠕变指数越小、室温蠕变性能越好.足够大的应力,是合金发生室温蠕变的必要条件.只有在蠕变应力不小于0...     

Ti-6Al-4V合金铸件拉伸性能差异原因分析

目的 研究Ti-6Al-4V合金两种不同结构铸件产品之间,拉伸性能存在着较大差异的原因。方法分别对同批次母合金浇注的两种熔模精密铸件进行化学成分分析、金相组织检查和拉伸试棒宏微观断口形貌观察。方法 分析发现,肋板和支承座铸件两者化学成分没有明显差异,断口表面未见明显冶金缺陷。金相组织检查表明：肋板的原始β晶粒尺寸和晶粒内部的α片层间距均,小于支承座的原始β晶粒尺寸和晶粒内部α片层间距。结论 分析结果表明,拉伸性能数据存在差异主要与其晶粒度和晶内片层间距差异有关,该组织差异主要由铸造工艺中不同的冷却速度引起的。通过改变取样位置,试样的拉伸强度可获得明显提高。     

Ti3Al基合金与Ti-6Al-4V合金TLP连接接头的组织转变

采用TiZrNiCu合金作为中间层材料研究了Ti3Al基合金与Ti-6Al-4V合金的瞬间液相(TLP)扩散连接接头成分、组织转变及显微硬度.研究结果表明,连接温度和连接时间对接头成分和组织有较大的影响.随着连接温度的提高和连接时间的延长,接头中元素分布趋于均匀,连接区宽度增大.连接温度为850℃和900℃时,液相的残留使得接头中存在Ti-Cu金属间化合物.当连接温度为950℃,连接时间为30min时,等温凝固的完成使Ti-Cu金属间化合物从接头中消失.随着连接温度的提高和连接时间的延长,接头连接区硬度降低.当连接温度为950℃,连接时间为30min时,接头硬度分布较均匀.     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展规律

针对熔模铸造Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的等幅疲劳裂纹扩展速率和疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值进行了研究。结果表明：该钛合金CT试样的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值高于CCT试样的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值,同一类试样的疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值随着应力比的增加呈下降趋势;疲劳裂纹扩展速率随着平均应力的增加以及应力水平的增加而增大;根据疲劳裂纹扩展试验数据拟合了Ti-6Al-4V钛合金Paris方程和Walker方程中的相关材料参数,以为材料的使用寿命评估及损伤容限设计提供参考。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金热压缩过程中的动态再结晶

在变形温度为870~960℃、应变速率为5×10^-4 s^-1~5×10^-2 s^-1的条件下对Ti-6Al-4V合金进行单道次等温压缩实验,测出其应力-应变曲线并建立KM模型、Poliak-Jonas模型和Avrami模型,较为系统地描述了这种合金动态再结晶过程中的流变应力、临界应变量、组织演变动力学等的特征。将动态再结晶组织的转变体积分数引入Prasad功率耗散率模型,得到了Ti-6Al-4V合金动态再结晶过程中能量的变化规律并结合微观组织表征揭示了这种合金的动态再结晶机理。结果表明：随着变形温度的提高和应变速率的降低,Ti-6Al-4V合金的动态再结晶临界应变量减小,组织转变的体积分数增大。发生完全动态再结晶时的功率耗散率大于0.34,形核机制为位错诱导的弓出形核机制。     

9 MeV Au ion implantation into Ti and Ti-6Al-4V

Titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples were implanted with 9 MeV Au ions at room temperature with fluences up to 6.5 × 10²⁰ ions/m². The results were analyzed using Rutherford backscattering, X-ray diffraction, glancing angle X-ray diffraction, and SEM. The glancing angle diffraction patterns show peaks corresponding to a new phase in both materials, presenting an hcp structure with larger lattice parameters than the unimplanted material. This phase is formed mainly by structural damage produced by the beam, and not by the formation of compounds. Modifications of the grain size and microstrain were measured using the Williamson-Hall method.     

Effect of mean stress on fretting fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V on Ti-6Al-4V

Fretting fatigue tests of Ti‐6Al‐4V on Ti‐6Al‐4V have been conducted to determine the influence of stress amplitude and mean stress on life. The stress ratio was varied from R=−1 to 0.8. Both flat and cylindrical contacts were studied using a bridge‐type fretting fatigue test apparatus operating either in the partial slip or mixed fretting regimes. The fretting fatigue lives were correlated to a Walker equivalent stress relation. The influence of mean stress on fretting fatigue crack initiation, characterized by the value of the Walker exponent, is smaller compared with plain fatigue. The fretting fatigue knockdown factor based on the Walker equivalent stress is 4. Formation of fretting cracks is primarily associated with the tangential force amplitude at the contact interface. A simple fretting fatigue crack initiation metric that is based on the strength of the singular stress field at the edge of contact is evaluated. The metric has the advantage in that it is neither dependent on the coefficient of friction nor the location of the stick/slip boundary, both of which are often difficult to define with certainty a priori.     

Biaxial deformation of Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-4V/TiC composites by transformation-mismatch superplasticity

Gas-pressure bulge forming of unreinforced Ti-6Al-4V and TiC-reinforced Ti-6Al-4V was performed while cycling the temperature around the allotropic transformation range of the alloy (880–1020 °C). The resulting domes exhibited very large strains to fracture without cavitation, demonstrating for the first time the use of transformation-mismatch superplasticity under a biaxial state of stress for both an alloy and a composite. Furthermore, much faster deformation rates were observed upon thermal cycling than for control experiments performed under the same gas pressure at a constant temperature of 1000°C, indicating that efficient superplastic forming of complex shapes can be achieved by transformation-mismatch superplasticity, especially for composites which are difficult to shape with other techniques. However, the deformation rate of the cycled composite was lower than for the alloy, most probably because the composite exhibits lower primary and secondary isothermal creep rates. For both cycled materials, the spatial distribution of principal strains is similar to that observed in domes deformed by isothermal microstructural superplasticity and the forming times can be predicted with existing models for materials with uniaxial strain rate sensitivity of unity. Thus, biaxial transformation-mismatch superplasticity can be modeled within the well-known frame of biaxial microstructural superplasticity, which allows accurate predictions of forming time and strain spatial distribution once the uniaxial constitutive equation of the material is known.