2005年上半年我国钛工业的运行情况

2005年上半年,我国共生产海绵钛3 801.6t,同比增长68%;生产钛粉342.5 t,同比减少了76.5 t;生产钛加工材5 033.9t,同比增加了17%.2005年上半年,我国海绵钛进口量大幅减少,仅642t,钛加工材却大幅增加,达3 024t.尽管从2004年开始,海绵钛及钛加工材价格大幅上涨,但我国对海绵钛和加工材的需求乃明显上升,预计2005年我国海绵钛的需求在万吨左右,而实际产量估计达到9 000 t左右,与实际需求稍有差距.世界海绵钛的生产能力不断扩大,预计2005年全球海绵钛的供应能力将增加23%,下半年海绵钛价格将趋于平稳.     

正在崛起的中国钛工业

概述了跨入新世纪以来中国钛产业及钛科技的发展概况,分析了中国钛产业快速发展的原因.中国钛工业已经进入快速发展期.自2001年以来,6年时间里钛加工材年增长约30%.2006年,中国的海绵钛和钛材产量分别达到18000t和13000t.最后展望中国钛产业的未来.可以预测,在不久的将来,中国的海绵钛和钛材产量都会超过30000t/a.中国钛工业前景光明.     

2007年上半年我国钛工业运行情况

评述了2007年上半年我国钛工业的运行情况.2007年上半年我国钛工业突飞猛进,海绵钛产量达到20 098 t,比去年同期增加203.5%;钛加工材产量达11 311 t,比去年同期增加84.5%;海绵钛的净出口量为2 150 t,钛加工材的净出口量为1 617 t.中国经济的快速发展和有色金属的高价位,为钛需求的暴发式增长提供了可能.文章最后提出了当前钛工业应十分注意的几个问题,以引起业内人士的关注和思考.     

中国钛工业发展与评述

介绍了历年中国海绵钛及钛锭产能的变化、钛加工材消耗量增长概况、钛产品结构调整及钛加工材在各领域的消费比例.分析了世界钛工业近期的发展及研究动态.指出目前中国钛工业需关注的问题:①钛资源的合理利用;②海绵钛新型制备技术的开发;③海绵钛生产中造成的环境污染;④低水平重复过度设资;⑤上下游企业的联合;⑥实用技术的开发.并对中国钛工业的发展前景进行了展望.     

2010年中国钛工业发展报告(英文)

回顾了2010年中国钛工业的运行情况,介绍了中国钛工业的生产和进出口情况,分析了海绵钛和钛加工材的价格走势。2010年中国钛工业呈明显回升状态,海绵钛产能突破10万t,产量达到57770t,与2009年相比增长41.6%;钛加工材产量达到38323t,与2009年相比增长53.5%。2010年,中国化工、航空航天、冶金、真空制盐等行业用钛大幅增长,从而使中国钛制品的销售量达到创记录的35636t。特别是化工用钛量已近2万t,成为中国用钛的绝对第一大领域。应更好地把钛材的应用推广工作做好,迎来行业的更大发展。     

2008年上半年我国钛工业运行情况

评述了2008年上半年我国钛工业的运行情况.2008年上半年,我国海绵钛和钛加工材产量继续增长,但增长幅度大幅回落.海绵钛产量达到28 284.7 t,增长率回落到40.7%;钛加工材产量达到14 090.7 t,增长率回落到24.6%.钛设备的产量和用钛量均略有上升,但产值却大幅下降了24.6%.进出口方面,海绵钛的出口量和净出口量明显增加,全年出口量有望超过8 000 t;钛加工材因进口量增长远高于出口量的增长,从而使净出口量与上年同期相比下降了10.7%.     

日本2006年钛的需求及2007年预测

受世界航空及能源用钛材需求增长的影响,日本2006年金属钛的需求无论是内需还是出口均很旺盛.但由于全球海绵钛原料供应紧张,海绵钛及钛锭的进口量减少了约14%,致使2006年钛加工材的实际出库量低于2005年.2007年,尽管日本的2家海绵钛厂均将扩大产量,但原料不足仍将是钛加工材增产的瓶颈.     

日本钛业发展难以预料

日本的钛材制造商和海绵钛生产商已感到2001年9月11日的美国恐怖事件的发生影响了日本的钛工业,与日本钛协会(JTS)原来预测的钛业形势大相径庭.     

钛产业链现状

钛产业链由钛矿开采（钒钛磁铁原料等）、海绵钛生产、熔铸钛锭、钛材成型（钛板、钛管、钛棒）、钛材应用（航空航天、石油化工、体育休闲等消费领域）和废钛回收等环节构成一个循环体系,钛产业链见图1。从最初的矿石到最后的工业应用要经过很多复杂的工艺技术,特别是在海绵钛生产和钛加工材方面的技术壁垒比较大,因此目前世界上仅有美国、俄罗斯、     

Toho钛业筹建废钛市场

日本海绵钛和钛锭厂商Toho钛业公司正准备从用户手中收售报废钛材筹建一个废钛市场。2005年日本海绵钛装运量为3．0549万mt，预期在2006年增加17．8％达到3．6万mt。全球2005年海绵钛需求量8．78万mt，估计2006年会增加10．3％达到9．68万mt；到2010年估计会达到15万～16万mt。     

Gender differences in publication productivity in psychology in India

An analysis of gender differences in psychology in India provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of R&D output contributed by psychologists with the indication of the trend of growth, skewness, relatedness, co-authorship pattern of productivity.     

Metrology in Chemistry in Germany

The system for Metrology in Chemistry in Germany is described. At the national standards level, a network of high-level chemistry institutes coordinated by the national metrology institute, PTB, provides the primary references for chemical measurements. A dissemination mechanism employs chemical calibration laboratories accredited within the framework of the German Calibration Service (DKD). They act as “multipliers” between the national standards level and the user level by providing the user with calibration means which are traceable to the SI via national standards. Traceability structures in clinical chemistry, electrochemistry, elemental analysis and gas analysis are described     

Natural radioactivity in drinking water in private wells in Finland

Natural radioactivity in drinking water was determined in population-based random study of 472 private wells. The mean concentrations of (222)Rn, (226)Ra, (234)U, (238)U, (210)Pb and (210)Po in drilled wells were 460, 0.05, 0.35, 0.26, 0.04 and 0.05 Bq l(-1), and in wells dug in the soil were 50, 0.016, 0.02, 0.015, 0.013 and 0.007 Bq l(-1), respectively. Approximately 10% of the drilled wells exceeded a radon concentration of 1000 Bq l(-1) and 18% a uranium concentration of 15 microg l(-1). The mean annual effective dose from natural radionuclides for a drilled well user was 0.4 mSv and 0.05 mSv for a user of a well dug in the soil. The effective dose arising from (222)Rn was 75% of the total of all natural radionuclides for drilled well users. As regards long-lived radionuclides, (210)Po and (210)Pb caused the largest portion of the effective dose. The dose arising from (238)U, (234)U and (226)Ra was only 8% of the total of all natural radionuclides.     

Natural radioactivity in drinking water in private wells in Finland

Radiation Protection Dosimetry     

Radioactivity in building materials in Iraq

Activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K in 45 samples of different building materials used in Iraq were measured using gamma-spectroscopy system based on high-purity germanium detector with an efficiency of 40 %. Radium equivalent activity, air-absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, external and internal hazard indices and alpha index due to radon inhalation originating from building materials were measured to assess the potential radiological hazard associated with these building materials. The activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides (226)Ra, (232)Th and 40K were found to range from below detection limit (BDL) to 223.7 ± 9, BDL to 93.0 ± 3 and BDL to 343.1 ± 12, respectively. Values of average radium equivalent activity, air-absorbed dose rate, indoor and outdoor annual effective doses, external and internal hazard indices and alpha index ranged from 6.5 to 124.9, 16.2 to 89.5 (nGy h(-1)), 0.08 to 0.44 mSv, 0.02-0.11 mSv, 0.09 to 0.53, 0.13 to 0.69 and 0.03 to 0.62, respectively. These values indicate a low dose. Therefore, the building materials used in the current study are quite safe to be used as building materials.     

Optische in situ Schichtdickenmessung in Bedampfungsanlagen. Optical in situ film thickness monitoring in coating systems

Optical film thickness monitoring is more precise than crystal monitoring. The optical measurement makes use of the fact that the intensity of a monochromatic light beam which is reflected on a film will change periodically with increasing film thickness. The measurement is performed at an exchangeable test glass that is positioned beside the substrates and is therefore coated in the same way as the substrates. The accuracy of cut‐off is achieved by a “fit” of a theoretical curve shape to the measured values. Order filters are used to ensure that, at a certain wavelength, higher deflection orders do not influence the measurement when a monochromator grating is used.