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《理化检验(物理分册)》2012,(2):139-139
我国现行的标准架构是由国际标准、国家标准、行业标准、地方标准、企业标准等五级构成。其中国家标准和行业标准又分别有强制性和推荐性两大类。涉及到国家安全、卫生、健康、环保、反欺诈的可以制定强制性标准,此外只能申请推荐性标准。 相似文献
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根据《标准化法》规定,我国的标准分为国家标准、行业标准、地方标准和企业标准四级,其中地方标准是对没有国家标准和行业标准而又需要在省、自治区、直辖市范围内统一的安全、卫生要求作出的规定,是对国家、行业标准的补充。自《标准化法》1989年实施至今,地方标准在特定的历史阶段对地方经济的健康发展发挥了其应有的作用,但是面临全球经济一体化、市场经济深入完善、政府职能转变的大环境,地方标准制定工作的局限性也日益凸显。本文就改革地方标准制定工作谈一些粗浅的想法。一、当前地方标准制定工作现状受现实技术、经济条件和工作机制… 相似文献
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据初步统计,我国已制定1900多项国家标准,28000多项行业标准,8600多项地方标准,约35万项企业标准,组成了以国家标准为主体,行业标准、地方标准和企业标准相衔接、配套的标准体系。企业标准的数量是前三类标准总和的63倍。对如此量大面广的企业标准,如何进行有效的监督与管理,是标准化工作者需要探讨研究的重要课题和重要任务。现就企业标准的监督与管理问题略述已见,与同行专家商榷。一、企业标准的类型和现状1赶超型:即跟踪赶超世界先进技术,制定企业内控标准。例如:我国虽还没有制定HDTV标准,康佳就自行按美国ATSC标准来研制开发… 相似文献
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强化林业标准化工作,促进林业跨越式发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了适应新的形势,近三年,国家林业局加大了林业标准的制定、修订力度,每年组织安排的国家标准和行业标准项目都在100项左右,三年达300余项,超过了建国50年林业国家标准和行业标准总和的三分之一。已初步形成国家标准、行业标准、地方标准和企业标准相互配套,基本涵盖了林业生产全过程的林业标准体系,为我国林业生产和生态建设提供了重要的技术基础。针对过去林业标准化管理工作中基础薄弱的现状,近几年,国家林业局强化管理,从起草法律规章、编制规划和体系框架等基础工作入手,使林业标准化管理工作进一步规范化、科学化、法制化。一是认真… 相似文献
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全国玩具标准化技术委员会秘书处 《中国标准化》2005,(1):17-17
一、玩具标准体系总体简介自1986年就发布了,等同采用国际玩具工业委员会编制的ICTI一80《国际玩具安全自发标准》的强制性国家标准GB6675一1986《玩具安全》后,到目前为止,我国共发布了10项国家标准、19项行业标准,建立了较健全的玩具标准体系。其中,强制性标准8项、推荐性国家标准2项,强制性行业标准1项、推荐性行业标准18项。这些有关玩具的安全、质量标准对我国玩具行业的发展、技术水平的提升、产品安全质量的提高、扩大出口等起着不可忽视的、积极的促进与保障作用。二、GB6675-2(XB对玩具标准体系的重大影响自2000年10月l日起实… 相似文献
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M. Allouard L. M. Vardavoulias A. Thorel M. Jeandin 《Materials and Manufacturing Processes》1995,10(5):1093-1099
Diamond-like-carbon (D.L.C.) films are characterized by a low friction coefficient, a high wear resistance and a high corrosion resistance. D.L.C. films can be obtained by P.V.D., C.V.D. and duplex techniques with solid or gaseous precursors. Depending on the processing, hydrogen concentration ranges between 0 and 60%
In this study, hydrogenated D.L.C. has been deposited with a radio frequency system (13.56 MHz) onto a steel substrate. Wear was studied by pin-on-disc testing at room temperature with an alumina counterpart. Interrupted tests were carried out to go into wear mechanisms. Debris were collected after various given sliding times for transmission electron microscopy (T.E.M.) in addition to scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) applied to the wear tracks. 相似文献
In this study, hydrogenated D.L.C. has been deposited with a radio frequency system (13.56 MHz) onto a steel substrate. Wear was studied by pin-on-disc testing at room temperature with an alumina counterpart. Interrupted tests were carried out to go into wear mechanisms. Debris were collected after various given sliding times for transmission electron microscopy (T.E.M.) in addition to scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) applied to the wear tracks. 相似文献
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《Zeolites》1989,9(6):509-515
27Al and 31P magic angle spinning (MAS) n.m.r. and e.s.r. measurements have been performed on MnAlPO5 in order to obtain direct evidence for Mn+2 incorporation into tetrahedral sites in the framework. Two samples differing in their Mn content have been studied, and their results were compared with those obtained from impregnated Mn-AlPO5 and exchanged Mn-SAPO5 where the Mn+2 does not occupy framework sites. The MAS n.m.r. spectrum showed a large anisotropy, manifested in numerous side bands due to the paramagnetic shifts induced by dipolar interactions between the unpaired electrons of the Mn+2 and the 31P and 27Al nuclei in its vicinity. On dehydration, a considerable linewidth narrowing has been observed, attributed to a decrease in the electronic relaxation time induced by increase in Mn+2 spin-exchange interaction. Calculated31P MAS n.m.r spectra, where the paramagnetic shift anisotropy was obtained from X-ray diffraction data of AlPO5 and taking into account the Mn content obtained from the chemical analysis, showed qualitative agreement with the experimental spectra. Comparison of the simulated and experimental spectra indicates that, indeed, part of the Mn+2 cations occupy framework sites; it does, however, also suggest that extraframework Mn+2 cations are present as well. These conclusions are further supported by e.s.r. measurements. The e.s.r. spectrum of MnAlPO5 shows resolved hyperfine lines with splitting characteristics of octahedral Mn+2, supporting the existence of extraframework Mn+2. On dehydration, the spectrum of MnAlPO5 coalesce into a single absorption line. This coalescence is attributed to increase in the spin-exchange interaction due to migration of probably extraframework Mn+2 toward the framework. 相似文献
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Jürgen Zierep 《Acta Mechanica》2008,195(1-4):3-11
Summary In order to provide a firmer foundation on which some reciprocity theorems in Eshelbian mechanics where established earlier,
a nonlinear and then linearized formulation of these theorems is presented. To carry out the required operations a simple
two-degrees-of-freedom system was chosen. The analysis led to mostly algebraic expressions which are also illustrated graphically.
Readers will be very sad to learn of the mournful death on January 7, 2007, of Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Dr. h. c. George Herrmann.
Dedicated to Professor Franz Ziegler on the occasion of his 70th birthday 相似文献
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