引用河道流量模数简化规划流量的计算

一、前言 在进行排水工程规划时,常要计算河道的规划流量,用以制定河道上口线及保护带控制用地,为城市土地利用规划、市政工程设计及建设管理提供依据。 在南京市排水工程规划中,除外秦淮河、内秦淮河中、南段外,河道规划流量计算均按小汇水面积上排水构筑物的雨水设计流量公式Q=     

遵化市内河老爪河河道的综合整治设计

通过对老爪河综合治理工程的设计分析,阐述了城市内河综合整治所需考虑的主要因素及具体做法。分析了老爪河的功能及原河道存在的问题,简述了综合整治的4大原则。通过设计流量和断面设计给出了河道断面的设计方法,河道横断面采用双层复合式断面。截污管道的设计方案为将原状合流管道接入新建截污管道中。最后,从文化、历史、景观等方面介绍了河道附属设施的设计。     

谈城市河道的生态改造及景观思考分析

分析了城市河道生态改造的迫切性,针对城市河道水体与河道岸线存在的问题进行了研究,提出了相应的河道生态改造方法,并指出河道生态改造应结合景观设计方面进行思考,以达到城市河道应用与美化双赢的局面。     

城市河道治理规划工作存在的问题及解决办法

阐述了城市河道治理规划的必要性,对当前城市河道治理规划工作存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了城市河道治理规划工作问题的解决办法,提高了城市的环境质量,为城市的未来发展打下了坚实的基础。     

城市河道生态治理及环境修复研究

现阶段我国的经济快速的发展,城市化的脚步也在不断的加快,其中城市中的河流在一定程度上遭到了严重的破坏,尤其是在河道治理洪水方面、水质遭到了严重的污染以及在生态环境上受到了严重的退化等等。这些问题都在时时刻刻的危害着我们的生存环境,这就要求对于城市河道进行修复。本文从城市河道生态环境中存在的问题进行分析,并在城市河道生态治理及环境修复上进行相应的研究,为城市河流的发展奠定坚实的基础。     

城市河道景观设计探析

阐述了城市河道景观的设计原则,对城市河道景观设计的方法进行了研究,提出了城市河道景观设计存在的问题以及具体的应对方法,并对城市河道景观设计趋势进行了说明预测,指出建造人工河道景观时应遵循自然,以生态化为目标,实现河流的自然、美观。     

城市河道生态景观营建问题与技术探讨

一个城市的水系河网是该城市的血脉所在,且城市河道是物质元素交换碰撞最为强烈的地带。基于项目设计与政策要求,对城市河道现存问题与相关优秀案例等进行了分析,对城市河道生态景观的营建策略进行了研究,提出相关的解决措施和技术支撑,以期对日后的城市河道景观设计提供一定的参考依据。     

基于降雨过程理论的城市内河洪峰流量计算方法及应用

当前城市河道洪峰流量可采用水利部门或市政部门暴雨计算公式进行计算,以上两个计算公式受各自成立的前提条件限制,若直接用于城市河道洪峰流量计算,与实际流量存在较大偏差。以市政部门暴雨计算公式的极限强度理论为基础,将一条河道流域划分为若干子汇水分区,分别计算各子汇水分区汇入河道的洪峰流量及时间,从上游至下游依次将各汇水子分区排口洪峰流量与该排口上游河道洪峰流量错峰叠加,计算出每个子汇水分区排口下游两个可能的洪峰流量,将两个计算结果进行比较并取最大值,该最大值即为该处排口下游河道的洪峰流量。     

小议河道生态护坡技术的应用现状

结合杭州市近年来部分城市河道整治工程中生态护坡技术的实践经验,对比传统河道护坡应用现状,探讨了河道生态护坡改造的主要途径及实现的结构形式,并进行了问题分析,以期河道生态护坡技术能有更好的应用。     

刍议城市河道的景观生态破坏原因及解决对策

城市河流生态环境以及景观的恢复是一个复杂的综合问题.本文首先阐述了城市河道景观的相关概念,并对其景观特征进行了简要的论述,剖析了河道景观生态破坏原因,并进一步提出了恢复河道的自然状态、营建良好城市河道景观的策略.     

Reconnaissance surveys to assess sources of diffuse pollution in rural catchments in East Anglia,eastern England – implications for policy

Reconnaissance surveys were made to assess sources of diffuse pollution in the Wissey, Blyth, Little Ouse and Wensum catchments in East Anglia, eastern England. Water‐eroded fields and the state of watercourses, roads and tracks were noted and photographed along traverses made across the catchments. Volumes of soil moved were estimated. River nutrient concentrations and turbidity were examined. Nutrient enrichment of watercourses is mostly explained by effluent leaving small Sewage Treatment Works. Sediment in watercourses can come not only from eroded fields but also from roads and tracks and erosion of the channels themselves. Farmers and land managers are not the only ones who must be targeted to curtail enrichment and sedimentation of watercourses. Policy makers need to take such findings into account if water quality in East Anglia is to be improved. Exploratory surveys can indicate sources of pollutants and be a basis for further investigation or ameliorative action.     

杭州城市河道长效管理的机制与成效

杭州市内共有河道1400多条,目前绕城高速以内共有河道414条,长约902．24公里,水域面积23．43平方公里。     

An Assessment of the Suitability of the Environment Agency's Water-Quality Classification System for Use in Urban Catchments

Despite the increasing range of water-quality indicators, the classification and target-setting strategy which has been adopted by the Environment Agency for England and Wales is dominated by the assessment of water chemistry at low flow. Using the example of Pymme's Brook in north London, this paper examines the suitability of such data for classifying the quality of urban watercourses and its ability to reveal quality changes. The data expose a weakness in the Environment Agency's methodology, because they suggest that, when used alone, chemical monitoring leads to water quality being greatly over-estimated and inappropriate targets being set. It is therefore recommended that other quality indicators should be fully integrated into the assessment system in order to overcome these problems.     

Exploring the Quasi-naturalistic Landscaping Design of a Taiwanese Culverted Urban Stream

De-culverting is promoted to restore natural watercourses towards sustainable environmental management. However, the Taiwanese case of the Mei Stream develops quasi-naturalistic landscaping on top of its culverted areas for improvement. Whilst most case-related literature emphasises the success in public places, little is known about why such an approach is used. Therefore, this paper investigates the physical characteristics and considerations about the implementation of quasi-naturalistic design within the culverted Mei Stream to aid understanding of watercourse development in dense, flood-afflicted urban areas. Through interviews, direct observations, photographs and government documents, the findings show that green parkways and a pseudo-stream (fed with pumped groundwater and tap water) form the quasi-naturalistic approach, revealing the severity of wastewater contamination and the popularity of hard-engineered watercourses. Water pollution and flood risk perception are the key factors in watercourse redevelopment. In conclusion, the study shows the better the water quality the stronger the argument for de-culverting, and the significance of disseminating knowledge to change public attitudes to river restoration and disaster prevention. A redesign for the case-study stream is proposed to stress multi-functionality of watercourses towards flood protection, biodiversity and recreation.     

DYNAMICS OF SEDIMENT-ASSOCIATED METALS IN A HIGHLY URBANISED CATCHMENT: BRADFORD, WEST YORKSHIRE

Urban watercourses are potential hazards because of their rapid flow changes, poor water quality and contaminated sediments. This study is a preliminary field investigation into fine sediment-associated metal contamination and its transport dynamics in a highly urbanised catchment in West Yorkshire, UK. Spatial and temporal changes in the concentration of channel-bed sediment-associated metals are investigated, and the fluxes of selected suspended sediment-associated metals, during an extreme high flow event, are determined. Channel-bed sediments were more contaminated at the most heavily urbanised sites. Data suggest that contaminated bed sediments could accumulate and possibly become increasingly contaminated between high-flow events, prior to being flushed from the system. Fluxes of contaminated suspended sediments were very high at the peak of the high flow event. The spatial and temporal dynamics of contaminated fine sediment which were identified in this study could inform planners with regard to future monitoring strategies.     

Contamination of small watercourses with heavy metals depending on distance from emission sources: Lesser Poland case study

Despite the size of small watercourses, their contamination is a major environmental problem. The Ma?opolska Upland and the adjacent Silesian‐Cracow Upland, situated in the Lesser Poland region, are two good examples of an area with many small rivers and creeks, which are highly susceptible to contamination. The study reports the condition of small watercourses in terms of their contamination with zinc, lead and cadmium. Both water and sediments were studied. The atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method was used to determine the concentrations of metallic elements. The analytical results showed that despite the decreasing impact of the local industry, levels of concentration of all the studied metals in sediments are significantly elevated in the distance range approximately up to 20 km from the emitters. However, analysing the changes of metallic contaminants content with increasing distance one can state that watercourses located further than 30 km from the emitters are safe for aquatic organisms.     

Faecal-indicator concentrations in waters draining lowland pastoral catchments in the UK: relationships with land use and farming practices

Faecal-indicator budget studies have shown marine bathing water quality at two small UK coastal resorts, Staithes and Newport, to be adversely affected by riverine inputs from lowland pastoral catchments (J. Chartered Inst. Water Environ. Mangt. 12 (1998) 414). The present paper reports on presumptive coliform (PC), presumptive Escherichia coli (PE) and presumptive streptococci (PS) concentrations at 43 sampling points on watercourses within these catchments, and on their relationship with land use and livestock-related management practices, such as grazing and slurry/manure applications. The results show > 10-fold elevations in geometric mean faecal-indicator concentrations under high-flow conditions, compared with low flow, with maximum high-flow geometric mean PC, PE and PS concentrations of 2.6 x 10(6), 1.8 x 10(6) and 4.4 x 10(5) cfu/100 ml, respectively. High-flow geometric mean concentrations exhibit highly significant positive correlations with land use/management variables associated with intensive livestock farming, both within the individual catchments and in the two combined. Additional factors, such as antecedent weather conditions and topography, contribute to inter-catchment variability in water quality. Although inputs from diffuse and point sources of pollution were not quantified, point sources (e.g. runoff from farm yards) seem likely to be significant. The findings suggest that it may be possible to develop generic statistical models to predict microbial water quality from land use and farm management data. They also provide indirect evidence that channel bed sediment 'stores' closely reflect land use within their catchments and that there is little die-off of organisms along watercourses.     

A survey of heavy metals in municipal wastewater in combined sewer systems during wet and dry weather periods

During wet weather, combined sewer system overflows affect the quality of water in watercourses. For planning overflows, the lowest possible load of priority substances according to Directive 2008/105/EC is crucial and the knowledge of variability in concentrations of elements in the sewer system is necessary. The behaviour of heavy metals in a sewer system was observed in the course of dry weather flow (DWF) and wet weather flow (WWF). We found, from the comparison of concentration medians for the WWF and DWF that during wet weather periods, an increase in the concentrations of As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Mn and Fe occurs in the sewer system and the effect of nonpoint sources manifests itself. Zn, Cu and Ni concentrations decreased during wet weather periods, and Hg concentrations did not significantly change. During the WWF period, a considerable nonhomogeneity of the sewage system was demonstrated.     

七宝山硫铁矿老虎口工业广场山体滑坡原因分析及综合治理研究

利用条分法进行边坡稳定性分析 ,判断滑坡体的稳定性 ,为加固边坡提供设计依据 ;对边坡含水情况进行敏感性分析 ,提出治水是治理滑坡的关键。     

A Biological Key to Canal Water Quality

Sixty sites on canalized watercourses in England were sampled using the 'Chironomid pupal exuviae technique', and chironomid data were related directly to associated physical and chemical characteristics of each site. A scoring system is proposed for assessing canal water quality, and scores are assigned to widely distributed, frequently occurring and easily recognizable indicator taxa. A dichotomous key, based on six of these indicators, is provided for classifying canal water quality.