Basicity for blast furnace-type slag containing B_2O_3 and high MgO

1　INTRODUCTIONBasicityofaslagisoneofoldandimportanttop icsin physicalchemistry .Thereisnostandardfor mulationforbasicitycalculation .Ingeneral,basicityofaslagisexpressedbythemassratioofCaOtoSiO2ortotalalkalineoxidestototalacidicoxides .Accord ingtotheiontheoryofslag ,basicityofaslagshouldbeexpressedbytheactivityofoxygenion ,whichisdifficulttodetermine .Frombasicity principle pro posedbyWagnerandotherinvestigators[15] ,basicityofaslagisproportionaltoitssulfidecapacity .Rela tionshipbet…     

含氧化钛高炉型渣表面张力的测定

攀钢大高炉冶炼中发现含氧化钛高于25%的渣,出现泡沫渣现象,并溢出渣罐妨碍生产。生成泡沫渣有两个条件:一是在熔渣内部有足够大量而分散的气体源;二是熔渣表面张力低、表观粘度高,使气泡稳定且有足够的机械强度、不易破坏或合并。已证实在含氧化钛高炉渣中悬浮着碳化钛、氮化钛及碳氮化钛微粒,这些微粒提高了熔渣的表观粘度,是使气泡稳定的重要因素之一。有人用气泡最大压力法,测定含氧化钛高炉型渣的表面张力,指出氧化钛是表面活性物质。但     

Surface Structure of Nonoxidizing Slags Containing Sulphur

Application of surface tension measurements has been made to molten silicates in order to determine the effect of sulphur upon the surface tensions of synthetic blast furnace slags. In melts with the same molar ratios of Al2O3 + SiO2 to the basic oxides BaO, CaO, and MgO, the surface tensions increase in the order of oxides listed. Sulphur lowers the surface tensions of the basic BaO, basic CaO, acid BaO, acid CaO, and acid MgO slags in that order; and the concentration of excess sulphur at the slag surface increases in this same order of slags. The rate and amount of desulphurization of iron by these slags is favored by a low excess surface sulphur in the slag.     

PHASE COMPOSITION OF HIGH Ti-SLAG WITH HIGH Mg AND Ca CONTENTS

高镁、钙的高钛渣经查明有5个相。高钙、镁富集区结晶相化合物为2CaO·TiO_2,玻璃相中富集MgO。黑钛石固溶体含MgO很低,只占渣中MgO总量的11.65％,MgTi_2O_5/Ti_3O_5的分子比为1∶24。导出了渣中黑钛石的分子式为0.15[(Mg_(0.27)Ti_(0.73))0.2TiO_2]·0.85[Ti_2O_3·TiO_2]。     

Appropriate titanium slag composition during smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets

The suitable titanium slag composition with high titanium content for electric furnace smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite was investigated through thermodynamics and related phase diagram analysis. According to the thermodynamic results, low-melting-point regions and MgTi₂O₅ primary phase area in the phase diagrams, the suggested titanium slag composition for the present vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets should consist of 50% TiO₂, 8%–12% MgO and 13% Al₂O₃ (mass fraction) with a binary basicity of 0.8–1.2. Finally, the verified smelting experiments were conducted and successful separation of the molten iron from the titanium slag is obtained. The obtained vanadium-containing molten iron contains 0.681% V and 0.267% Ti, and the obtained titanium slag contains 52.21% TiO₂ (mass fraction), in which MgTi₂O₅ is the primary phase. The titanium resource in the final titanium slag production could be used to produce TiO₂ pigment by acid leaching methods.     

电工钢钢包渣结壳问题分析

针对电工钢生产过程中钢包渣结壳的现象,与不结壳渣进行对比,从物质的组成,物相和黏度等3个方面进行了分析。结果表明,随着温度的降低,炉渣中析出大量的高熔点物相如MgO、尖晶石(MgO·Al₂O₃)、2CaO·SiO₂等,在炉渣中起到“钉扎”强化作用的同时又能导致炉渣的黏度增加,失去流动能力,从而容易黏附在一起结块成壳。此外,提出了预防钢包渣结壳的有关措施。     

新型精炼渣的研制应用

研制了成分为(质量分数,%)CaO 45~55、Al2O330~45、SiO2≤5、CaF2≤5、MgO≤5、S<0.15及其它余量的精炼渣并进行了试验应用。结果表明,采用新型精炼渣精炼工艺,可缩短精炼顶渣成渣时间12 min,提高脱硫率15%~20%,并降低钢水中H、O含量。     

电渣重熔用低氟渣与Incoloy825合金中Al、Ti反应性的研究

通过高温渣-金平衡实验,探讨了电渣重熔用低氟渣CaF2-CaO-Al2O3-MgO-Li2O-(TiO2)中TiO2含量对Incoloy825合金中Al、Ti含量的影响。并利用FactSage7.3热力学软件分析了渣中TiO2和Al2O3的活度与渣成分的关系。研究了渣中组元对反应4[Al]+3(TiO2)=3[Ti]+2(Al2O3)的吉布斯自由能和合金中平衡Al、Ti含量的影响规律。结果表明:反应的吉布斯自由能与渣中TiO2、CaF2和MgO呈负相关,与CaO和Al2O3呈正相关;渣中TiO2含量为0%7.27%(质量分数)时,合金烧钛增铝现象逐渐减弱,TiO2含量为11.27%时,又出现烧铝增钛现象;同一温度下,随着渣中CaO和Al2O3含量增加,合金中平衡Ti含量降低,平衡Al含量升高。随着渣中TiO2含量增加,合金中平衡Ti含量升高,平衡Al含量降低。渣中CaF2和和MgO含量变化对合金中平衡Al、Ti含量影响较小。实验结果与热力学计算结果能够很好的吻合。     

Effects of MgO/Al2O3 ratio on viscous behaviors and structures of MgO–Al2O3–TiO2–CaO–SiO2 slag systems with high TiO2 content and low CaO/SiO2 ratio

The effects of MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio on the viscous behaviors of MgO–Al₂O₃–TiO₂–CaO–SiO₂ systems were investigated by the rotating cylinder method. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the structural characteristics of slag and Factsage 7.0 was adopted to demonstrate the liquidus temperature of slag. The results show that the viscosity and activation energy for viscous flow decrease when the MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio increases from 0.82 to 1.36. The break point temperature and liquidus temperature of slag initially decrease and subsequently increase. The complex viscous structures are gradually depolymerized to simple structural units. In conclusion, with the increase of MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio, the degree of polymerization of slag decreases, which improves the fluidity of slag. The variations of liquidus temperature of slag lead to the same changes of break point temperature.     

Behavior of vanadium during reduction and smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets

The effects of CaO content, MgO content and smelting temperature on the vanadium behavior during the smelting of vanadium titanomagnetite metallized pellets were investigated. The thermodynamics of reduction and distribution of vanadium was analyzed and the high-temperature smelting experiments were carried out. The thermodynamic calculations show that the distribution ratio of vanadium between the slag and the hot metal decreases with the increments of CaO and MgO content in the slag as well as the increase of the smelting temperature. The smelting experiments demonstrate that the vanadium content in iron and the recovery rate of vanadium in pig iron increase as the CaO content, MgO content and smelting temperature increase, whereas the vanadium distribution ratio between the slag and iron tends to decrease. Moreover, the recovery rate of vanadium in pig iron has a rising trend with increasing the optical basicity of the slag. The addition of MgO in the slag to increase the slag optical basicity can not only improve the vanadium reduction but also promote the formation of magnesium-containing anosovite, which is beneficial to following titanium extraction.     

Minimization of Copper Losses in Copper Smelting Slag During Electric Furnace Treatment

In the quest to achieve the highest metal recovery during the smelting of copper concentrates, this study has evaluated the minimum level of soluble copper in iron-silicate slags. The experimental work was performed under slag-cleaning conditions for different levels of Fe in the matte and for a range of Fe/SiO₂ ratios in the slag. All experiments were carried out under conditions where three phases were present (copper?Cmatte?Cslag), which is the condition typically prevailing in many slag-cleaning electric furnaces. The %Fe in the electric furnace matte was varied between 0.5?wt.% and 11?wt.%, and two different Fe/SiO₂ ratios in the slag were used (targeted values were 1.4 and 1.6). All experiments were performed at 1200°C. From thermodynamic considerations, from industrial experience, and from the results obtained in this study, the minimum soluble copper content in the electric furnace slag is expected to be near 0.55?wt.% Cu. This level does not account for a portion of the copper present as mechanically entrained matte/metal droplets. Taking this into account, the current authors believe an overall copper level in discard slag between 0.7?wt.% and 0.8?wt.% can be obtained with optimal operating conditions. For these conditions, the copper losses in the slag are roughly 75% as dissolved copper and 25% as entrained matte and copper. Such conditions include operating the electric furnace at metallic copper saturation, maintaining the %Fe in the electric furnace matte between 6?wt.% and 9?wt.%, not exceeding a slag temperature of 1250°C, and controlling the Fe/SiO₂ ratio in the smelting furnace slag at ??1.5. In addition, magnetite reduction needs to be performed efficiently during the slag-cleaning cycle so as to maintain a total magnetite content of ??7?wt.% in the discard slag. The authors further consider that under exceptionally well-controlled conditions, a copper content in electric furnace discard slag between 0.55?wt.% and 0.7?wt.% can be obtained, by minimizing entrained matte and copper solubility in the discard slag.     

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry determination of open-hearth furnace slag by pressed powder briquetting

Chemical composition of open-hearth furnace slag isimportant for the metal and casting quality. The chemicalcomponents of slag need to be analyzed precisely andaccurately.For a long time the composition determination of slag ismade chemically, which involves complicated processes,long analytical cycle, high cost and tedious work. A greatmany successful applications of ores analysis by x-rayfluorescence spectrometry (XRF) have been reported[1-4].Powder-fused wafer is a sampling method used in…     

Effect of rutile crystal shapes on its settlement

The effect of rutile crystal shapes on its settlement in a modified slag was studied by theoretical analysis, FactSage simulation, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the settling velocities of spherical rutile crystals are faster than those of other shapes of rutile crystals under the same volume conditions, and the shape transformation of rutile crystals from rod to sphere can be achieved by adding titanium slag to Ti-bearing blast furnace slag. The volume fractions of the rutile crystals in the upper and lower parts of the modified slag are 30% and 71% when the added titanium slag increases to 278 g, indicating that rutile settling is obvious. Due to the rutile settling, half shaker sorting task is saved, and the recovery rate of TiO₂ is significantly increased. The TiO₂ content of rutile is greater than 93%, and the total content of CaO and MgO is less than 0.4%, meeting the requirements for the raw materials of titanium white in the chloride process.     

Thermodynamic Consideration for Oxygen Pressure in a Copper Flash Smelting Furnace at Toyo Smelter

JOM - Based on the emf measurements of the galvanic cell (Fe, MgO/O in slag or matte) and the equilibrium calculations, the oxygen pressure in a copper flash smelting furnace at Toyo smelter is...     

利用高炉渣生产包膜缓释氮肥的实验研究

开发研究一种以高炉渣为主要包膜原料生产缓释氮肥的工艺技术方法。首先对高炉渣中的重金属含量及植物营养元素的枸溶性进行分析,研究高炉渣在农业上应用的可行性。并采用流化床包膜机制得高炉渣包膜缓释氮肥,对缓释氮肥进行水溶率测定和微观形貌特征分析。研究结果表明:高炉渣缓释氮肥氮的质量分数为41%,缓释氮肥的初期水溶率为3.69%,7天的累计水溶率为7.02%,35天的累计水溶率为35.33%,微分水溶率为0.93%,具有较好的延缓氮素养分释放的功能。因此,实验制得的高炉渣包膜缓释氮肥是一种含多种植物营养元素的缓释肥料。     

B2O3—MgO—SiO2—Al2O3—CaO系渣组成对溶体物性的影响

用柱体旋转法测定了Ｂ_２Ｏ_３—ＭｇＯ—ＳｉＯ_２—Ａｌ２Ｏ_３—ＣａＯ系富硼镁渣的粘度及熔化性温度，用双柱联称法测定熔渣的密度及表面张力．实验结果表明：富硼镁渣的粘度及熔化性温度随渣中Ｂ_２Ｏ_３含量的增加而降低；当Ｂ_２Ｏ_３含量一定时，随渣中ＭｇＯ量及渣碱度的增加而增大．熔体的密度及表面张力随ＭｇＯ量增加或ＳｉＯ_２量减少而增大，分别为（２．５±０．５）ｔ·ｍ~（－３）和０．４－０．６Ｎ·ｍ~（－１）．     

Viscosities of Fe_nO-MgO-SiO_2 and Fe_nO-MgO-CaO-SiO_2 slags

1　INTRODUCTIONTheviscosityofliquidslagsisanimportantphysicalproperty .Innickelflashsmeltingprocesses ,slagscontainmainlyironoxidesandsilicainadditiontoMgO ,CaO ,Cr2 O3andAl2 O3aswellasvaluemet alsandotherimpurities .Manyinvestigationsontheviscosityofironsilicatemeltwerealreadyreport ed[14 ] .Butonlyfewstudiesarereportedontheslagsinthecompositionrangeoccurringinnickelmattesmelting.Thismaymainlybeattributedtoexperi mentaldifficultiesinviscositymeasurementsforthehighmeltingtemperatureofi…     

Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibition of Reinforcing Steel: II. Embedded In Concrete

Abstract

Reinforcing steel, whether embedded in Portland concrete or Portland cement-blast furnace slag concrete and mixed with distilled or tap water, becomes passivated. On the other hand, when the concrete is mixed with sea water, the steel corrodes severely, and when Helwan mineral water is used for mixing, a borderline condition is obtained. Portland cement-blast furnace slag concrete had poorer corrosion resistance compared with ordinary Portland cement concrete.

Steel passivity is not impaired when Portland cement concrete or Portland cement-blast furnace slag concrete is admixed with up to 8% of sulphates. However, when cement extract is used, the passivity is impaired when as little as 0·2% of sodium sulphate is added.

Additions of some anodic inhibitors such as benzoate, chromate, nitrite, phosphate and stearate to a corrosive concrete medium are efficient in preventing the corrosion of reinforcing steel. The critical concentration for inhibition is higher in the case of Portland cement-blast furnace slag concrete than that of Portland cement concrete. Coating the steel with Portland cement slurry alone or Portland cement slurry containing inhibitors improves the corrosion resistance of steel to some extent but does not inhibit the corrosion in strong attacking media.     

The Kinetics of Boron Transfer in Slag Refining of Silicon

Slag refining is one of the few metallurgical methods for efficient removal of boron from silicon. In industrial slag refining for production of silicon for photovoltaic applications, the relationship between the slag composition and the mass transfer rate of boron from metal to slag is of great importance. The kinetics of boron removal from liquid silicon during slag refining has been investigated in the present work by means of several small-scale experimental series at temperatures between 1,600°C and 1,650°C. Slag and metal, in batch weights of 30?g, were heated together in a graphite crucible placed in a resistance-heated tube furnace. The slags were produced from powdered SiO₂, CaO, and MgO. The oxides applied were of high purity. Experiments were carried out at slag-to-metal ratios of 1 or 2, where the silicon initially contained approximately 250?ppm boron. Metal?Cslag mass transfer coefficients were calculated based on chemical analyses of the silicon and ranged from 1.7???m/s for slag consisting of equal amounts of SiO₂ and CaO by weight, to 4.3???m/s for a 40%?C40%?C20% SiO₂-CaO-MgO slag.     

Removal of magnesium and calcium from electric furnace titanium slag by H3PO4 oxidation roasting–leaching process

H₃PO₄ oxidation roasting followed by HCl acid leaching was proposed to remove magnesium and calcium from electric furnace titanium slag containing 3.12% MgO and 0.86% CaO. XRF, XRD and SEM techniques were used to characterize the composition, mineral phase component and microstructure of the titanium slag. The H₃PO₄ oxidation thermodynamic, mineral phase transformation, microstructure, element distribution in titanium slag during H₃PO₄ oxidation process and leaching process were investigated. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that H₃PO₄ could promote the decomposition of MgTi₂O₅ and CaSiO₃. The results indicated that H₃PO₄ could effectively promote the transformation of titanium-bearing mineral to rutile and enrich the impurities in M_xTi_3–xO₅ into phosphate which could be removed by acid leaching process. Under the studied conditions, the leaching rates of magnesium and calcium reached 94.68% and 87.19%, respectively. The acid leached slag containing 0.19% MgO and 0.13% CaO (mass fraction) was obtained.