高纯度乌桕脂棕榈酰胺制取工艺研究

根据中国乌桕脂的资源优势和化学组成特点,研究并提出了“两段醇解-膜式精馏-甲酯氨解”法,以制取需求日益增长的高科技产品——高纯度乌桕脂棕榈酸甲酯及酰胺,油酸甲酯及酰胺.     

高纯度乌柏脂棕榈酰胺制取工艺研究

根据中国乌柏脂的资源优势和化学组成特点，研究产提出了“两段醇解－膜式精馏－甲醒氨解”法，以制取需求日益增长的高科技产品－－高纯度乌柏脂棕榈酸主酰胺，油酸甲酯及酰胺。     

棕榈基乙醇酰胺表面活性剂的合成与性能

用工业棕榈油甲酯分别与单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺在氢氧化钾催化下合成棕榈基单乙醇酰胺和棕榈基二乙醇酰胺,其最高产率分别为92.2%和89.0%。与椰油基二乙醇酰胺相比,两者表面张力与乳化力性能相近,但棕榈基二乙醇酰胺泡沫性能较差。添加癸酸二乙醇酰胺可改善棕榈基二乙醇酰胺的泡沫性能,当n(癸酸二乙醇酰胺)∶n(棕榈基二乙醇酰胺)=1∶2.5复配时,泡沫高度提高1倍,与椰油基二乙醇酰胺的泡沫高度相当。     

油溶型包桕脂烷醇酰胺一步合成研究

以中国乌桕脂为原料,用正交实验法在下对投料比、温度、催化剂用量和加料方式诸因素进行系统考察,取得由乌桕脂直接合成非水溶性乌桕民脂烷醇酰胺的优化工艺条件,乌桕脂收率达90％,具有可观的开发前景。     

山嵛酰胺的生产和应用

本文介绍了以油脚加工生产的山嵛酸甲酯为原料,生产山嵛酰胺的方法。简介了山嵛酰胺在工业上的应用。     

非水溶性乌桕脂烷醇酰胺直接法合成研究

为开发利用中国乌桕脂优势资源 ,采用正交实验法研究了乌桕脂与二乙醇胺直接酰胺化 ,在常压 ,复合碱性催化剂质量分数为 0 2 8% ,反应温度为 1 2 0℃ ,加料时间为 0 5h ,反应时间为 4h,n(二乙醇胺 )∶n(乌桕脂 ) =3.3∶1 .0的条件下 ,乌桕脂的酰胺化率达 90 %。产品作为助选剂在低磷高镁磷矿上进行浮选实验 ,P2 O5和MgO的质量分数分别达到 35%和 1 % ,效果和甲酯法产品接近。     

地沟油合成烷醇酰胺研究进展

简要介绍了地沟油的危害性,分析了烷醇酰胺的合成方法,甲酯法具有众多优点,是目前广泛使用的合成方法。以地沟油为原料利用甲酯法合成烷醇酰胺首先需要合成脂肪酸甲酯即生物柴油。而生物柴油合成的普遍方法是酯交换法,然后介绍分析了各种酯交换法,对于地沟油这样的高酸值原料油,采用两步酸碱法较为合适。     

地沟油合成烷醇酰胺研究进展

简要介绍了地沟油的危害性,分析了烷醇酰胺的合成方法,甲酯法具有众多优点,是目前广泛使用的合成方法。以地沟油为原料利用甲酯法合成烷醇酰胺首先需要合成脂肪酸甲酯即生物柴油。而生物柴油合成的普遍方法是酯交换法,然后介绍分析了各种酯交换法,对于地沟油这样的高酸值原料油,采用两步酸碱法较为合适。     

乌桕脂直接制备二乙醇酰胺反应条件选取

以乌桕脂为原料直接制备二乙醇酰胺 ,采用正交实验法对投料比、温度、催化剂用量、反应时间等影响因素进行系统考查以获得最优转化率 ,从而取得一步合成棕榈酸二乙醇胺的最佳工艺条件     

以地沟油制备烷醇酰胺的研究

以地沟油为原料,采用甲酯法生产烷醇酰胺表面活性剂。利用两步酸碱酯交换法使地沟油转化为生物柴油,生物柴油在氢氧化钠催化作用下与二乙醇胺反应生成烷醇酰胺。探讨了生物柴油合成烷醇酰胺的最佳合成条件。结果表明,在生物柴油与二乙醇胺的摩尔比为1∶1.6,催化剂氢氧化钠用量为生物柴油质量的0.8%,反应温度110℃,反应时间2 h,真空度0.09 MPa条件下合成烷醇酰胺,产率可达95.64%,产品具有优良的表面活性。     

在滴流床反应器中油脂醇解反应的初步研究

在滴流床反应器中进行了油脂醇解反应的初步研究,脂肪酸甲酯的产率达95％以上。该法克服了间歇搅拌反应釜的一些缺点,不仅减少了功率消耗,降低了生产成本,而且可实现连续化生产。对生物柴油的产业化研究具有一定的意义。     

光学树脂用单体甲基丙烯酸双环戊烯酯的合成及聚合

设计并合成了用于制备光学树脂的甲基丙烯酸双环戊烯酯（DCPMA）单体,合成产率达到89％。通过DCPMA的均聚及其与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的无规共聚制备光学树脂。研究结果表明：随着该共聚物中DCPMA含量的增加,其折射率、玻璃化转变温度（Tg）、表面硬度都升高,吸水性下降。DCPMA均聚物的折射率可达到1．5405,表面硬度达到3H。此外,所制备的光学树脂仍可保持相对较高的透光率。     

Effects of Organic Sulfur and Phosphor Compounds Used as Antioxidants on the Thermal Behavior of Nitrocellulose and its Decomposition Mechanism

The effects of 3‐dodecylsulfanyl‐propionic acid 3‐(3‐dodecylsulfanyl‐propionyloxy)‐2,2‐bis‐(3‐dodecylsulfanyl‐propionyl‐oxymethyl)‐propyl ester (SO), 3,9‐bis‐octadecyloxy‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐3,9‐diphospha‐spiro[5,5]undecane (POf), and 3,9‐bis‐(2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methyl‐phenoxy)‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxa‐3,9‐diphospha‐spiro[5,5]undecane (POp), which are used as antioxidants for polymers, on the degradation of nitrocellulose (NC) were investigated under isothermal storage conditions at 393 K with a microcalorimeter. The result indicated that SO/NC and POf/NC accelerated the heat release when compared with NC without an antioxidant, whereas the heat release behavior of NC/POp was similar to that of NC without an antioxidant. In the case of SO/NC and POf/NC, the heat release was observed in the presence of O₂, whereas it was not observed in a N₂ atmosphere. The SO content in SO/NC and PO content in POf/NC increased with the storage time. According to this behavior, it can be explained that sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid, which originates from SO or POf, accelerates the autoxidation of NC.     

Production of biodiesel from waste fryer grease using mixed methanol/ethanol system

Transesterification of waste fryer grease (WFG) containing 5–6 wt.% free fatty acid (FFA) was carried out with methanol, ethanol, and mixtures of methanol/ethanol maintaining the oil to alcohol molar ratio of 1:6, and initially with KOH as a catalyst. Mixtures of methanol and ethanol were used for transesterification in order to use the better solvent property of ethanol and rapid equilibrium using methanol. Formation of soap by reaction of FFA present in WFG with KOH instigated difficulty in the separation of glycerol from biodiesel ester. To untangle this problem, two-stage (acid and alkali catalyzed) method was used for biodiesel synthesis. More than 90% ester was obtained when two-stage method was used compared to ∼ 50% ester in single stage alkaline catalyst. In the case of mixed alcohol, a relatively smaller amount of ethyl esters was formed along with methyl esters. Acid value, viscosity, and cetane number of all the esters prepared from WFG were within the range of the ASTM standard. Esters obtained from WFG showed good performance as a lubricity additive.     

Process optimization for methyl ester production from waste cooking oil using activated carbon supported potassium fluoride

This paper presents the transesterification of waste cooking palm oil (WCO) using activated carbon supported potassium fluoride catalyst. A central composite rotatable design was used to optimize the effect of molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction period, catalyst loading and reaction temperature on the transesterification process. The reactor was pressurized up to 10 bar using nitrogen gas. All the variables were found to affect significantly the methyl ester yield where the most effective factors being the amount of catalyst and reaction temperature, followed by methanol to oil ratio. A quadratic polynomial equation was obtained for methyl ester yield by multiple regression analysis using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum condition for transesterification of WCO to methyl ester was obtained at 3 wt.% amount of catalyst, 175 °C temperature, 8.85 methanol to oil molar ratio and 1 h reaction time. At the optimum condition, the predicted methyl ester yield was 83.00 wt.%. The experimental value was well within the estimated value of the model. The catalyst showed good performance with a high yield of methyl ester and the separation of the catalyst from the liquid mixture is easy.     

聚α－甲基丙烯酸混合酯的合成及其降凝效果研究

以十二醇、十四醇、十六醇和α－甲基丙烯酸为原料,甲苯为溶剂,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,对苯二胺为阻聚剂,酯化生成α-甲基丙烯酸混合酯;再以过氧二苯甲酰为引发剂,合成聚α-甲基丙烯酸混合酯。与其他降凝剂复配后,对高含蜡的泰州柴油具有良好的降凝效果,在加剂量为1000μg/g时,冷滤点降低了7℃。     

Transesterification of soybean oil with nano-MgO or not in supercritical and subcritical methanol

Nano-MgO can apparently improve the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with supercritical/subcritical methanol. The variables affecting the yield of methyl ester during the transesterification reaction, such as the catalyst content, reaction temperature and the molar ratio of methanol to soybean oil were investigated and compared with those of non-catalyst. When nano-MgO was added from 0.5 wt% to 3 wt%, the transesterification rate increased evidently, while the catalyst content was further enhanced to 5 wt%, little increased in yield. It was observed that increasing the reaction temperature had a favorable influence on methyl ester yield. In addition, for molar ratios of methanol to soybean oil ranging from 6 to 36, the higher molar ratios of methanol to oil was charged, the faster transesterification rate was obtained. When the temperature was increased to 533 K, the transesterification reaction was essentially completed within 10 min with 3 wt% nano-MgO and the methanol/oil molar rate 36:1. Such high reaction rate with nano-MgO was mainly owing to the lower activation energy (75.94 kJ/mol) and the higher stirring.     

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) oil as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production in Thailand

The production of biodiesel fuel from crude roselle oil was evaluated in this study. The process of alkali-catalyzed transesterification with methanol was carried out to examine the effects of reaction variables on the formation of methyl ester: variables which included methanol-to-oil molar ratios of 4:1-10:1, catalyst concentrations of 0.25-2.0% w/w of oil, reaction temperatures of 32-60 °C, and reaction times of 5-80 min. The methyl ester content from each reaction condition was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), the optimum condition having been achieved at a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 8:1, a catalyst concentration of 1.5% w/w of oil, a reaction temperature of 60 °C, and a reaction time of 60 min. The resultant methyl ester content of 99.4% w/w, plus all of the other measured properties of the roselle biodiesel, met the Thai biodiesel (B100) specifications and international standards EN 14214:2008 (E) and ASTM D 6751-07b, with the exception of a higher carbon residue and lower oxidation stability.     

Sources of Methyl Ester Yield Reduction in Methanolysis of Recycled Vegetable Oil

Recycled vegetable oil (RVO) is a relatively cheap raw material for biodiesel production, but biodiesel grade methyl ester yields from RVO were found to be considerably lower than those from pure plant oil. The present paper investigates sources of yield loss during methanolysis of RVOs with free fatty acids (FFA) contents of 0.4–3.3%, and makes suggestions for the improvement of methyl ester yields. Data presented here indicated that yield losses of methyl esters during methanolysis were due to triglyceride and methyl ester hydrolysis and to the dissolution of methyl esters in the glycerol phase. Hydrolysis of triglycerides and methyl esters seemed to be the only side reaction causing yield losses, and the amount of fatty acids from hydrolysis increased with concentration of the potassium hydroxide catalyst. Dissolution of methyl esters in the glycerol phase was probably caused by the detergent effect of potassium salts of fatty acids originating from FFA in the RVO and from triglyceride hydrolysis, and the amount of dissolved methyl esters increased with FFA content of the RVO. The FFA content of the RVO had no effect on hydrolysis, and the amount of triglycerides and methyl esters hydrolysed during methanolysis remained constant with increasing FFA content of the RVO.