不同Mn含量的Al-Mn合金的研究

采用固液混合铸造研究了Al-10Mn、Al-15Mn和Al-20Mn合金的显微组织和力学性能.研究表明:固液混合铸造能有效地细化Al-Mn合金组织,其初生相尺寸可控制在10 μm以内,且形貌以球形或等轴状为主;合金的抗拉强度大大提高,由传统铸造的40～60 MPa提高到110～160 MPa,伸长率由零提高到1%左右;传统铸造和固液混合铸造的Al-Mn高合金的组织随着Mn含量的增加而更加粗大,抗拉强度则下降,硬度有所提高.采用固液混合铸造这一新型的材料制备技术,可以扩展Al-Mn等高合金材料的研究和应用的成分范围.     

固液铸造技术在高锰铝合金中的应用研究

通过加入同种成分粉末,研究了Al-Mn合金的固液混合铸造工艺,初步探索固液混合铸造后的金相组织及力学性能变化.采用该技术获得的Al-Mn合金坯料的金相显微组织均匀,晶粒细小,呈等轴状或近等轴状.采用固液混合铸造的室温力学性能σb=130MPa, σ0.2=80MPa, δ=1.2%;优于传统铸造和半固态铸造合金,使难以应用的高锰铝合金有了应用可能.     

Al-Cu-Mg-Ti合金固液混合近液相线铸造及凝固组织

通过向Al-Cu-Mg合金液中加入经过预处理的快速凝固Al-7％ Ti粉进行固液混合近液相线铸造,制备了不同Ti含量的Al-Cu-Mg-Ti合金.采用扫描电镜分析了合金的铸态晶粒组织和Al3Ti相的形态、尺寸与分布,研究了Al-7％Ti粉预处理工艺对Al-Cu-Mg-Ti合金铸态显微组织的影响,提出了优化的Al-7％Ti合金粉预处理工艺和加入量.结果表明,固液混合近液相线铸造Al-Cu-Mg-Ti合金的晶粒组织明显细化;合金中的Al3Ti相颗粒基本保持在2～ 10μm,与Al-7％ Ti粉中的Al3Ti相颗粒尺寸相当,且弥散均匀分布在铸态组织中.当钛含量超过1.5％时,即当Al-7％ Ti合金粉的加入量超过21.4％时,对合金晶粒组织的细化作用降低,且粗大的针状Al3Ti相明显增多.     

固液混合铸造Al-10Mn合金坯料的挤压

采用固液混合铸造技术制备了Al-10Mn合金坯料,将坯料进行热挤压加工,研究了加热温度对挤压加工的影响及传统铸造、固液混合铸造以及固液混合铸造坯料的热挤压加工制备的Al-10Mn合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:固液混合铸造合金的析出相细小、均匀、圆整,抗拉强度提高到130 MPa,热挤压后合金的抗拉强度增加到181 MPa;当坯料加热温度为600℃时,挤压加工的合金具有最好的力学性能和较为均匀的显微组织;当坯料加热温度为570℃时,坯料则不能顺利挤出;而当坯料加热温度高于610℃时,合金力学性能大幅降低。     

结晶过程中合金粉末的加入对Al-Cu合金凝固组织的影响

在固液混合铸造工艺中,将Al-20Cu合金粉末分别加入到Al-20Cu和Al-40Cu合金熔体中制备了合金坯料。采用JSM-6700F扫描电子显微镜对合金坯料的显微组织进行观测。研究结果表明:Al-20Cu粉末加入对粉末周围的Al-20Cu合金基体初生相、共晶组织和二次析出相有明显的细化作用,越靠近未熔粉末,基体中的初生相越细小,共晶组织的片间距越小。固液混合铸造Al-40Cu合金坯料中未熔Al-20Cu合金粉末与基体界面结合良好,表明固液混合铸造工艺中加入的金属粉末的成分范围可以进行扩展。     

铝质轻合金固液混合铸造的研究

固液混合铸造是一种新型的材料制备技术.结合固液混合铸造Al-Mn、Al-Cr、Al-Cu等合金的具体研究工作,综合介绍了固液混合铸造技术的研究状况.当前研究表明,固液混合铸造技术能有效细化合金晶粒,提高材料的力学性能,且工艺简单、生产成本低廉、能成形复杂形状件和大件,具有一定的研究和应用价值.     

固液铸造技术在高铬铝合金中的应用研究

采用一种全新的材料制备工艺——固液混合铸造技术制备了Al-Cr合金坯料。采用该技术获得的Al-Cr合金坯料的金相显微组织均匀,晶粒细小,呈等轴状或近等轴状,热挤后合金的力学性能为：σb=119．4MPa,σ0.2=89．3MPa,δ=1％,优于传统铸造和半固态铸造合金,使难以应用的高铬铝合金有了应用可能。     

固液混合铸造Al-Mn合金坯料的重熔处理

采用固液混合铸造技术制备了Al-Mn合金坯料，对坯料进行了重熔水淬处理。对合金显微组织和硬度的研究表明，重熔处理后Al—Mn合金中析出的Al-Mn相圆整、均匀，且随着重熔温度的升高，析出相尺寸变大；并且Al—20Mn合金的硬度由固液混合铸造的91HB增加到重熔处理后的193HB。在重熔初期，Al-Mn合金中粗大的析出相能有效地碎裂、细化，因此重熔处理可成为改善Al-Mn合金组织和固液混合铸造触变成形的重要工艺环节。     

固液混合铸造技术

固液混合铸造是在过热的合金熔体中加入大量的同种成分或润湿性好的异种合金粉末,在保护气氛中强烈搅拌至半固态然后压铸成形或进行其他热加工的一种新型的材料制备技术.本文结合作者在固液混合铸造Al-Mn、Al-Cr合金等方面的研究工作,综合介绍了固液混合铸造技术的研究状况.当前研究表明:固液混合铸造技术能有效细化合金晶粒,提高材料的力学性能,有一定的研究和应用价值.     

Cr15高铬铸铁固液混合铸造铸件组织的研究

利用固液混合铸造制备了Cr15高铬铸铁,并利用光镜和扫描电镜对合金的微观组织进行了研究。结果表明,与普通铸造相比,固液混合铸造制备的Cr15高铬铸铁共晶碳化物被细化、球化,奥氏体为细小的等轴晶,共晶团尺寸显著减小,粒度为20￣50μm。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.