活性白土法精制苯酚研究

采用活性白土法对提高异丙苯法合成的苯酚产品的质量进行了研究 ,探讨了使苯酚硫酸着色率(UVT)值达到指标要求 (≥ 90 % )的工艺条件。通过对苯酚原料的GC MS分析和对原料与产品的UVT及总酮量分析定性说明影响UVT值达标的主要杂质为沸点高于苯酚的酮类化合物。以活性白土为催化剂研究了反应温度、反应时间及催化剂用量等因素对提高苯酚UVT值的影响。结果表明在反应温度为 12 0℃ ,反应时间为 1h、催化剂用量为苯酚质量的 2 %条件下 ,反应产物经适当减压精馏可得到使UVT值达到 95 %以上的高纯度苯酚     

苯基丁基醚的相转移催化合成研究

在相转移催化剂存在下，以苯酚、溴丁烷为原料合成苯基丁基醚。分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件，该方法合成苯基丁基醚的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度85℃、反应时间4h、n（苯酚）：n（溴丁烷）=1：1．10；n（苯酚）：n（氢氧化钾）=1：1．15；相转移催化剂用量为0．5g（基于0．1mol苯酚），苯基丁基醚的收率可达到95.20％以上，产品纯度w（苯基丁基醚）为98．5％。     

苯乙酸苯酯的合成工艺研究

运用条件实验法,以苯乙酰氯和苯酚为原料合成苯乙酸苯酯,分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、甲苯用量、原料配比等条件对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件。该方法合成苯乙酸苯酯的最适宜的工艺条件是：反应温度95℃,反应时间4h,n（苯酚）：n（苯乙酰氯）=0．15：0．18,甲苯用量40mL（苯酚为0．15mol时）,苯乙酸苯酯的收率可达到94．75％以上,产品纯度98．5％。     

新型水性环境友好型涂料成膜助剂-丙二醇苯醚的制备

以苯酚、环氧丙烷为原料，在碱性催化剂作用下制备丙二醇苯醚。考查了催化剂及其用量、反应温度、原料配比等条件对反应的影响，适宜工艺条件为：采用碱性有机胺B为催化剂，用量为苯酚的1％，n（苯酚）：n（环氧丙烷）=1：1．10，反应温度为120℃，反应时间150min，产物收率达94．20％。产品结构分别用GC—MS，IR，H—NMR谱进行表征。     

含铁过渡金属类复合氧化物对苯酚过氧化氢羟化的催化作用的研究

对含铁过渡金属类复合氧化物催化剂ＣＦ－１６对苯酚羟基化反应的催化作用进行了研究,考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、双氧水用量、酸介质等因素对催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,当催化剂／苯酚（重量比）为０．０５,过氧化氢／苯酚（摩尔比）为０．４９,反应温度为６０～７０℃,反应时间０．５小时,苯酚转化率大于２６％,苯二酚选择性大于９４％。相对钛硅分子筛ＴＳ－１、ＴＳ－２而言,含铁复合金属类氧化物催化剂价格低廉,     

阻燃增塑剂IPP的合成

以三氯氧磷，苯酚及丙烯为原料合成出阻燃增塑剂IPP，对反应条件进行了研究，筛选了新的烷基化催化剂，并将物理法和化学法结合起来，以除去酯化反应催化剂AlCl3，收率达到83．6％。最佳反应条件为：烷基化反应以对羟基苯磺酸为催化剂，用量1．5％（以苯酚计），反应温度110℃，丙烯通气速度80mL/min，通气时间2.5h，酯化反应催化剂AlCl3用量6．8％（以POCl3计），反应温度120℃，反应时间13h。红外和元素分析表明产的结构正确。     

DL-对羟基苯甘氨酸的合成新工艺

对利用乙醛酸、苯酚、邻苯二甲酰亚胺合成DL-对羟基苯甘氨酸的方法进行了研究。最佳工艺条件为：原料摩尔比n（乙醛酸）：n（苯酚）：n（邻苯二甲酰亚胺）=1．0：1．2：1．2，十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵为催化剂，用量为乙醛酸质量的2％，反应时间为8h，反应温度为60℃，收率达83％以上，产品纯度为99％以上。     

2-甲基-6-特丁基苯酚的合成研究

介绍了2－甲基－6－特丁基苯酚的制备方法，探讨了催化剂，反应温度和反应时间对产品收率的影响。结果表明：在铝粉用量为1％，温度为95－100℃，反应时间为2h的反应条件下，平均收率可达到82．7％。     

NPS-1负载磷钨酸催化合成4-叔丁基-2-(α-甲基苄基）苯酚

以介孔分子筛NPS-1负载12-磷钨酸杂多酸为催化剂,4-叔丁基苯酚和苯乙烯为原料,合成4-叔丁基-2-（α-甲基苄基）苯酚（t-BAMBP）。采用正交实验研究介孔材料NPS-1负载12-磷钨酸对t-BAMBP合成反应的催化活性,考察反应温度、反应时间、原料配比和催化剂用量对t-BAMBP收率的影响。优化的工艺条件为：反应温度70 ℃,反应时间30 min,n（苯乙烯）∶n(4-叔丁基苯酚)=1.3∶1,催化剂用量为4-叔丁基苯酚质量的0.2%,t-BAMBP收率70.3%。     

阳离子交换树脂-FeCl3催化合成丁二酸二丁酯

以阳离子交换树脂-FeCl3络合物为催化剂、丁二酸和正丁醇为原料，采用负压酯化技术合成丁二酸二丁酯。考察了反应温度、原料配比、催化剂用量和反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响，通过正交试验得到了最佳酯化反应工艺条件：n（正丁醇）：n（丁二酸）为3．0：1、w（催化剂）为1．5％、反应温度〈125℃、反应时间3h；在该条件下丁二酸的转化率达到98．6％。催化剂重复使用6次后，丁二酸的转化率达到97．6％。利用红外光谱、色谱一质谱对产品进行分析。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。