α-Al_2O_3层厚度对TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN涂层抗氧化性能的影响

为获得抗氧化性能更为优越的TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN复合涂层,本文采用中温化学气相沉积(MT-CVD)在WC-Co硬质合金基体表面沉积不同厚度α-Al_2O_3层的TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN多层涂层,并在1 000℃下对涂层试样进行氧化实验。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段研究α-Al_2O_3层厚度对TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN涂层抗氧化性能的影响,确定可显著提高涂层抗氧化性能的α-Al_2O_3层厚度,同时探索涂层的抗氧化机理。结果表明:随着α-Al_2O_3层厚度的增加,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN多层涂层试样氧化后质量增量减少,涂层氧化增厚降低。当α-Al_2O_3层厚度为6.5μm时,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN涂层的抗氧化性能显著提高。随着涂层厚度的增加,涂层阻止O向涂层内部扩散及Al、Ti向外部涂层扩散能力增强,抗氧化性能更优越。     

TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN与TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiCNO多层涂层的组织性能比较

目的对比TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层的组织性能。方法采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术在硬质合金基体上沉积TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析涂层的物相和组织形貌,采用纳米力学测试系统测试涂层顶层的硬度和弹性模量,利用显微维氏硬度计和划痕仪分别测量涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,利用往复式多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果顶层TiN晶粒为柱状晶,顶层TiCNO晶粒呈细针状。与顶层TiN相比,顶层TiCNO硬度更大,抗塑性变形能力更强。与以TiN为顶层的多层涂层相比,以TiCNO为顶层的多层涂层表面粗糙度、摩擦系数较大,结合强度较低。当磨损只发生在顶层时,耐磨性取决于顶层涂层的性能,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率为TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的1.2倍。当磨损进行到顶层与Al_2O_3层界面时,结合强度对耐磨性也有重要影响,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率是TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的82%。结论与TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN相比,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的顶层TiCNO硬度较大,抗塑性变形能力强,其顶层耐磨性较好。改善TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO多层涂层表面粗糙度和结合强度将进一步提高该涂层的摩擦磨损性能。     

等离子渗镀TiN/TiCN多涂层的力学和摩擦磨损性能

采用等离子渗镀复合处理技术在DC53模具钢表面制备出TiN/TiCN多层涂层,重点研究了等离子渗氮(PN)和等离子氮碳共渗(PNC)工艺对随后的电弧离子镀TiN/TiCN涂层的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:经等离子渗氮和等离子氮碳共渗处理后,模具钢基体表面均形成Fe_3N和γ'-Fe_4N化合物。等离子渗氮(等离子氮碳共渗)-电弧离子镀复合处理工艺制备的TiN/TiCN多层涂层的硬度和结合强度明显优于单一的TiN/TiCN多层涂层样品。由于等离子氮碳共渗硬化层中存在较多的γ'-Fe_4N硬质相,有利于面心立方结构氮化物涂层外延生长,改善了涂层体系的承载能力,耐磨损性能得到显著提升。     

α-Al2O3/YSZ复合陶瓷涂层的抗高温氧化性能

采用在溶胶-凝胶复合陶瓷粉体悬浮液中电泳沉积以及热压滤和微波烧结技术,在1Cr13不锈钢基体上制备出了α-Al2O3/YSZ(YSZ为5 wt%Y2O3部分稳定的ZrO2)复合陶瓷涂层,并对其抗高温氧化性能进行了研究.结果表明,该涂层结构致密无微裂纹,呈现纳米α-Al2O3包覆YSZ颗粒的复合结构.900℃循环氧化实验结果表明,该复合陶瓷涂层具有优异的抗高温氧化和抗剥落性能.这种特性可归因于α-Al2O3包覆YSZ颗粒结构对氧扩散的阻碍作用以及对涂层强度和断裂韧性的增强作用.     

γ-TiAl表面NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层的高温氧化行为

采用磁控溅射和电弧离子镀技术在γ-TiAl合金表面制备NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层,研究了复合涂层对提高γ-TiAl合金抗高温氧化性能的作用机理。经950℃恒温氧化100 h后,涂层表面未发现裂纹和脱落,涂层试样氧化增重值较基体大幅减小。对氧化层进行了SEM、EDS和XRD分析,结果表明无保护涂层的基体γ-TiAl合金表层疏松多孔,无法抵抗高温环境下氧气对基体合金的侵蚀。复合涂层表面的NiCrAlY镀层在氧化过程中形成了Cr2O3,α-Al2O3和β-NiAl相组成的致密防护涂层,阻隔了氧气与基体的接触,中间的Al层为表层持续生成Al2O3提供了Al源。NiCrAlY/Al复合涂层显著提高了基体在950℃下的抗高温氧化性能。     

钛合金表面电弧离子镀TiN/TiAlN多层复合涂层的组织及抗氧化性能研究

运用电弧离子镀技术,采用独立的钛、铝靶材,在钛合金表面制备了TiN/TiAlN多层复合涂层,利用SEM、EDS对涂层微观组织结构进行了分析,并在800℃条件下测试了涂层抗氧化性能.结果表明:多层复合涂层厚度约为2.5 μm.经镀膜,试样表而粗糙度有升高的趋势,Ra值由初始0.049μm升高到0.541λm.涂层表面以TiAlN TiN相为主,经氧化后,涂层最表层的氮化物已发生分解,并生成了Al,Ti的氧化物,在高温时阻碍了氧向涂层内部扩散,使得涂层内部仍具有TiN和TiAlN的相结构.复合涂层经800℃,19 h空气氧化后,涂层表面仍保持完整,氧化增重率低于无涂层样品.氧化19 h后涂层增重率约为0.2 mg/cm2.h.     

多弧离子镀制备TiN涂层的高温抗氧化性能研究

在201不锈钢上进行多弧离子镀沉积TiN涂层,研究了TiN涂层在400～800℃间的高温氧化性能。对涂层氧化后的表面形貌、表面成分等进行了研究。用热重(TG)法和差示扫描量热(DSC)法分析粉末试样的加热氧化情况。结果表明:氧化温度较高时,增重量大且氧化严重,随着氧化温度的升高,表面氧元素含量上升,氮元素含量下降;经过600℃氧化,TiN膜层开始出现局部氧化皮。热分析结果表明:TiN粉末在450℃开始发生增重,氧化总增重量为26.63%。起始氧化温度为623.7℃,放热焓为-2112μVs/mg。     

等离子喷涂热障涂层高温 TGO 的形成与生长研究

目的研究热障涂层(TBC)和纯粘结层(BC)在1100℃下的氧化动力学,探讨热障涂层中热生长氧化物(TGO)组织结构的演化规律。方法运用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)制备涂层,对比分析热障涂层和纯粘结层涂层在1100℃下等温氧化2,5,10,20,50,100,200,350 h后TGO的厚度变化,并对粘结层表面和热障涂层截面分别进行XRD和SEM分析。结果热障涂层和纯粘结层在1100℃下的氧化动力学均遵循抛物线规律,其氧化速率常数分别为0.344,0.354μm/h0.5。等温氧化5 h后,TGO的主要成分为α-Al2O3;随氧化时间的增加,生成Cr2O3、尖晶石、Co O和Ni O的混合氧化物;等温氧化100 h后,Co O消失,Ni O的含量减少,Cr2O3和尖晶石氧化物的含量增加;等温氧化350 h后,TGO中出现了裂纹,但涂层仍未剥落,TGO最终由顶层多孔的混合氧化物层和底层具有柱状晶结构的α-Al2O3层组成。结论顶层陶瓷层(TC)对热障涂层氧化速率常数的影响很小。TGO中α-Al2O3首先形成并以柱状结晶的方式生长,混合氧化物在α-Al2O3上形成,TGO生长速度逐渐变缓。     

低压等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的氧化动力学

采用低压等离子喷涂技术在镍基单晶高温合金上制备NiCoCrAlYTa涂层,研究涂层在900、1000和1100℃下恒温氧化200h的氧化动力学规律。通过表面XRD和SEM分析,初步探讨了氧化动力学规律与氧化产物的关系。结果表明：900℃时NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的氧化曲线符合对数规律,氧化产物主要为θ-Al2O3相;1000℃时NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的氧化曲线符合抛物线规律,氧化产物主要是θ-Al2O3和α-Al2O3相的混合物;1100℃时NiCoCrAlYTa涂层的氧化符合立方规律,氧化产物主要是α-Al2O3相。根据实验结果经计算得到NiCoCrAlYTa涂层氧化过程中θ-Al2O3的形成激活能为151．78kJ／mol,α—Al2O3的形成激活能为270．25kJ／mol。     

不同热处理TiN/Ti多层涂层冲蚀损伤特征与机理

目的 通过研究分析不同热处理TiN/Ti多层涂层在冲蚀作用下的损伤特征,揭示不同热处理TiN/Ti多层涂层冲蚀损伤的机理。方法 采用磁过滤阴极真空弧沉积技术在TC4钛合金表面制备TiN/Ti多层涂层,利用热处理炉对试样进行不同的热处理(300℃/40 min,空冷;400℃/40 min,空冷;300℃/40 min,空冷+300℃/40 min,空冷),采用划痕仪、显微硬度计、扫描电镜、能谱仪等设备对热处理试样涂层的结合力、显微硬度、涂层损伤形貌特征、元素分布等进行表征,并在冲蚀试验平台上通过砂尘冲蚀性能试验(速度130m/s,角度45°)进行验证。结果 TiN/Ti多层涂层在低温(≤400℃)下经短时间热处理后,涂层的物相未发生变化,仍以TiN(111)、TiN(200)、TiN(220)和TiN(311)为主,涂层结构完整,最外层的TiN涂层没有发生氧化现象,涂层结合力基本未发生改变,显微硬度略有下降,由2 764.1HV分别降至2748.9HV、2 493.2HV、2 255.2HV。TiN/Ti多层涂层的抗冲蚀性能变化不大,冲蚀速率由0.117 mg/min分别变为0.100...     

TiN, TiN gradient and Ti/TiN multi-layer protective coatings on Uranium

Single-layer TiN, gradient TiN and multi-layer Ti/TiN coating were deposited on silicon and uranium substrates by means of arc ion plating technique. The main phase in the single-layer TiN coating was TiN with a (111) preferred orientation. Ti and TiN were observed in the TiN gradient coating and Ti/TiN multi-layer coatings. The single-layer TiN coating has demonstrated the best wear resistance among the three coatings. Compared with the bare U substrate, the corrosion potential E_corr of the multi-layer Ti/TiN coatings is increased by 580 mV, and the corrosion current density I_corr is decreased at least by two orders of magnitude. The multi-layer Ti/TiN coatings possessed the highest corrosion resistance among the three coating in a 0.5 μg/g Cl⁻ solution.     

Tribological behavior and wear mechanisms of TiN/TiCN/TiN multilayer coatings

This work employs the PVD process to deposit coatings of single layer TiN, binary layer TiN/TiCN, multilayer TiN⇔⇔N, and sequenced TiN⇔CN⇔N multilayer coatings with variable individual TiN-layer and TiCN-layer thicknesses on tungsten carbide disks and inserts. Also investigated are the fracture mechanisms and the influence of sequence and thickness of these coatings on cylinder-on-disk, line-contact wear mode and ball-on-disk, point-contact wear mode through SRV reciprocating wear tests. Actual milling tests identify wear performance. Experimental results indicate that the coating with a total thickness of 7 Μm and layer sequence TiN/TiCN/TiN exhibits good wear resistance on SRV wear test and milling test. The thickest multilayer TiN/Ti/TiN coating, although having the highest hardness, has the worst wear resistance for all tests. No-tably zero-wear performance was observed for all coating disks under cutting fluid lubricated condition due to the transferred layers formed between the contact interface.     

TiN/AlN复合材料的等离子烧结

采用等离子技术,在1600℃的温度和50 MPa的压力、不同保温时间的条件下实现TiN/AlN纳米复合粉的快速烧结。随着保温时间的延长,材料致密性有所改善,在保温15 min后获得最大密度,HRA=93,ρ=4.346 g/cm~3;随后由于颗粒的长大密度有所下降。XRD分析主相为TiN,局部温度过高导致氮缺位,晶格常数增大,衍射峰较烧结前略有左偏;次相为AlN,但由于在烧结过程中存在应力,其衍射峰较烧结前略有右偏,同时在烧结过程中有轻微氧化现象生成AlON相。用SEM分析了试样断口形貌,主要呈现沿晶断裂。     

TaN／TiN和TaWN／TiN多晶超晶格薄膜的微结构与超硬效应

通过磁控反应溅射仪制备了ＴａＮ／ＴｉＮ和ＴＡｗｎ／ＴｉＮ多晶超晶格薄膜。采用Ｘ射线衍射仪。透射电子显微镜和显微硬度仪对超 格薄膜的微结构和硬度进行了分析。     

Corrosion-Erosion Effect on TiN/TiAlN Multilayers

The goal of this work is to study electrochemical behavior under corrosion-erosion conditions for [TiN/TiAlN] _n multilayer coatings with bilayer number (n) of 2, 6, 12, and 24 and/or bilayer period (??) of 1500, 500, 250, 150, and 125?nm deposited by a magnetron sputtering technique on Si (100) and AISI 1045 steel substrates. The Ti-N and Ti-Al-N structures for multilayer coatings were evaluated via x-ray diffraction analysis. Silica particles were used as the abrasive material in corrosion-erosion tests within the 0.5?M H₂SO₄ solution at impact angles of 30° and 90° over the surface. The electrochemical characterization was carried out using the polarization resistance technique (Tafel) to observe changes in corrosion rates as a function of the bilayer number (n) or bilayer period (??) and impact angle. Corrosion rate values of 359?mpy of uncoated steel substrate and 103?mpy for substrate coated with n?=?24 (???=?125?nm) under an impact angle of 30° were found. On the other hand, with an impact angle of 90° the corrosion rate exhibited 646?mpy on uncoated steel substrate and 210?mpy for substrate coated with n?=?24 (???=?125?nm). This behavior was related to the curves of mass loss for both coated samples and the surface damage was analyzed via SEM images for the two different impact angles. These results indicate that TiN/TiAlN multilayer coatings deposited on AISI 1045 steel are a practical solution for applications in erosive-corrosive environments.     

TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的摩擦学性能研究

采用多弧离子镀技术在Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷基体上沉积了TiN/TiAlN多层涂层,通过对不同速度、载荷下的微量摩擦磨损试验前后涂层金属陶瓷的显微形貌、组织、成分、相结构及粗糙度的观察分析,研究了涂层金属陶瓷的摩擦学性能.结果表明,TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的平均摩擦系数均低于金属陶瓷基体本身的平均摩擦系数;在相同载荷下,滑动速度较低时,涂层金属陶瓷磨损表面粘着严重,有GCr15掉下的大块粘着物,随着滑动速度的增大,由严重粘着对磨偶件材料向少量粘着变化,其平均摩擦系数增大.在相同的滑动速度下,载荷较大时,TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的平均摩擦系数较大.TiN/TiAlN涂层金属陶瓷的磨损机制主要是粘着磨损和磨粒磨损.     

Wear of PVD Ti/TiN multilayer coatings

The wear characteristics of PVD Ti/TiN multilayer coatings subjected to two-body abrasion and particle erosion have been studied using diamond slurry and silicon carbide particles as abrasive medium and erodant, respectively. The abrasive wear rate of the Ti/TiN multilayer coatings was found to increase with the relative amount of metallic Ti in the coatings. In erosion, the lowest wear rate was recorded for the homogeneous TiN coating. For the Ti/TiN multilayer coatings the erosion rate was found to decrease with an increasing relative amount of metallic Ti in the coatings. It is concluded that the concept of multilayered coatings offers a potent means to tailor the properties of tribological coatings. In particular, demands of different applications can be met by adjusting the relative thickness of metallic Ti in Ti/TiN coatings. The amount of metallic Ti can, for example, be used to control the coating residual stress state. Multilayered Ti/TiN coatings seem promising for combined wear and corrosion protection.     

Comparison of the tribological and antimicrobial properties of CrN/Ag, ZrN/Ag, TiN/Ag, and TiN/Cu nanocomposite coatings

Nanocomposite coatings including CrN/Ag, ZrN/Ag, TiN/Ag and TiN/Cu with varying silver or copper contents were produced by co-deposition in a dual pulsed magnetron sputtering system. The compositions and structures of the coatings were characterised using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the physical and tribological properties were assessed by means of nanoindentation and thrust washer wear testing. Although increasing silver or copper content provided a reduction in the coefficient of friction, this was accompanied by reductions in hardness for all the coatings and wear resistance for some of the coatings. Zones of inhibition were used to determine the extent of silver ion release from the coating surfaces, and a NBT (nitro-blue tetrazolium) redox dye was used to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of the coatings following incubation. The microorganisms tested were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. For the NBT assays, significant reductions in the number of viable cells were observed with increasing Ag or Cu content, compared to the ‘pure’ nitride surfaces. Whilst no zones of inhibition were observed for S. aureus, on any of the surfaces, the diameter of the ‘kill’ zones generally increased with increasing silver content for P. aeruginosa.     

Interface and superhardness of TiN/CNx multilayer films

This work attempts to reveal the microstructure of interface and the relation between interface mixing and hardening mechanism in TiN/CN_x multilayer films. The growth and microstructure of these interfacial layers are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Investigation result indicates that the interface species are mainly composed of Ti-C-N, the growth of interlayer mainly depends on the deposition temperature. The thickest interlayer (about 2.5 nm) is produced at 300 °C, and the interlayer disappears at 500 °C. Nanoindentation testing indicates that the film with a maximum interlayer thickness of about 2.5 nm exhibits superhardness up to 40 GPa. Based on the experimental results, it is suggested that the interfacial intermixing and the crystal quality of TiN are the main reasons for the superhardness effect in TiN/CN_x nanostructured multilayers.