膨润土对重金属离子的吸附动力学

研究了膨润矿对溶液中重金属离子Ｃｕ＾２＋的吸附动力学，实验结果表明：（１）膨润土对Ｃｕ＾２＋离子的吸附过程可分为三个阶段，初始阶段（ｔ≤３ｍｉｎ）满足于方程为ｄＣ／ｄｔ＝－Ａ．ｅ＾－ｍｔ，中期阶段（３ｍｉｎ≥ｔ〈１０ｍｉｎ）是从初始阶段到后期阶段的过渡阶段，后期阶段（ｔ≥１０ｍｉｎ）满足于方程ｄＣ／ｄｔ＝－ｋ．Ｃ。（２）吸附速度常数随吸附温度的提高而增加，且与温度Ｔ之间的关系符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ     

有机膨润土对重金属离子的吸附性能研究

研究了膨润土原土、系列季胺盐阳离子表面活性剂改性膨润土（单阳离子有机膨润土）及阴、阳离子表面活性剂混合表面活性剂改性膨润土（阴－阳离子有机膨润土）对模拟废水中Pb^2 的吸附性能。实验结果表明，各种有机膨润土对水中Pb^2 的吸附均符合Langmuir吸附等温式，表面吸附起主要作用。各种有机膨润土吸附能力大于原土，饱和吸附量（Q^0)分别为原土的2－6．5倍，且与有机膨润土的层间距呈正相关（r^2=0.980,0.983)。     

Fe-BTC表面氨基化及对染料和重金属离子的吸附性能研究

目的:为抗菌药物监管提供相关分析数据,分析评价某肿瘤专科医院2017年I类切口手术围手术期预防用抗菌药物情况。方法:对本院2017年期间抽取的共计300例清洁手术病历进行回顾性研究,针对其围手术期抗菌药物预防使用信息以及相关药物成本-效果比等数据进行统计、对比分析。结果:2017年I类切口手术围手术期间抗菌药物使用率约为16.33%;49例使用抗菌药物病历中,以头孢唑林（55.11%）、头孢呋辛（28.57%）预防使用为主;预防用抗菌药物DUI值均≤1,单日用药剂量合理;不合理预防用药主要表现在“预防给药品种不适宜”,占总不合理率的63.64%。结论:从药物经济性角度考虑,头孢唑林是较好的清洁手术围手术期预防性抗菌用药方案。     

改性柿子生物吸附剂对铜和铅的吸附性能

以柿子粉为原料,分别采用硫酸和硝酸进行化学改性制备两种柿子生物吸附剂SPP和HPP,研究它们对Cu2+和Pb2+的吸附性能,考察溶液pH值、固液比、温度、吸附时间以及金属离子浓度及对吸附性能的影响。结果表明:SPP和HPP的吸附过程可以很好地用准二级动力学方程描述,吸附等温线用Langmuir方程拟合的效果优于Freundlich方程的;SPP对Cu2+和Pb2+的最大吸附容量分别为61.47 mg/g和207.90 mg/g,HPP对Cu2+和Pb2+的最大吸附容量分别为64.0 mg/g和220.8 mg/g,吸附过程为化学吸附所控制。     

橘子皮化学改性及其对Cu(Ⅱ) 离子的吸附性能

以橘子皮为基体,经环氧氯丙烷交联后,以Ce4+为引发剂将丙烯酸甲酯单体接枝到橘子皮上,再经过皂化制备改性橘子皮生物吸附剂.研究溶液pH、吸附时间和Cu2+初始浓度对生物吸附剂吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在pH值为5.5,Cu2+初始质量浓度为50 mg/L,吸附时间为3 h的条件下,该生物吸附剂对Cu2+去除率为94.6%,吸附容量为24.41 mg/g.Cu2+在该生物吸附剂上的吸附过程可以用准二级动力学方程很好地描述.吸附等温线结果表明,该生物吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附用Freundlich方程拟合效果优于用Langmuir方程拟合效果.将该生物吸附剂用于含Cu2+ 5.8 mg/L的电镀废水,Cu2+去除率可达97%.通过红外光谱表征该生物吸附剂的结构,说明羧基和羟基与金属离子的结合引起该生物吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附.该生物吸附剂可以再生重复使用4次以上.     

改性活性炭吸附金的性能

为了改善活性炭的吸附性能,以硫脲和甲醛为主要原料对活性炭进行了改性,并对改性活性炭的吸附性能进行了研究.静态吸附实验表明:改性活性炭在酸性环境中比在碱性溶液中对Au3 的吸附能力要强;无论是对金的吸附容量还是在含有重金属离子(Cu2 、Ni2 和Zn2 )的混合溶液中吸附金的选择性,改性活性炭都比一般活性炭强得多;改性活性炭几乎可将混合溶液中Au3 完全吸附,而对重金属离子Ni2 和Cu2 的吸附率不到1/3.改性活性炭对金的吸附符合Langmuir单分子层吸附规律.     

巯基键合硅胶的制备及其对贵金属离子的吸附性能

以氯丙基氯硅烷和硫氢化钠代替昂贵的硅烷偶联剂对硅胶进行表面改性,得到以巯基为活性中心的硅胶材料。用BET、红外光谱、总有机碳及元素分析等手段对吸附材料及其前驱体进行表征;有机碳及元素分析结果表明,氯丙基硅胶键合量为2.5 mmol/g,吸附剂的巯基含量为1.56mmol/g;N2吸附脱附数据表明键合反应后样品的比表面积及孔结构分布均有一定变化。将所得巯基硅胶用于吸附溶液中的Pd2+、Au3+,结果表明该材料对Pd2+、Au3+饱和吸附量分别为87 mg/g和120 mg/g,吸附效率均大于99%。     

改性壳聚糖固体吸附剂对亚甲基蓝吸附性能的研究

将壳聚糖进行不同方法的改性,制备出四种不同的改性壳聚糖固体吸附剂。讨论了壳聚糖交联膨润土固体吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附。研究了吸附体系中溶液的p H值、温度、亚甲基蓝的起始浓度对吸附的影响。     

乙二胺改性木屑黄原酸盐对水溶液中Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）离子吸附平衡及动力学

使用乙二胺改性的木屑黄原酸盐对水溶液中的Cu（II）、Ni（II）离子进行吸附。在单离子体系中,考虑影响因素（温度、投加量）对Cu（II）、Ni（II）单离子吸附等温线的影响;并计算Cu（II）、Ni（II）离子吸附的热力学参数：吸附吉布斯自由能（△GΘ）、吸附过程的焓变（△HΘ）以及熵变（△SΘ）,表明此吸附是一个放热自发的过程。在 Cu（II）和Ni（II）双离子体系中,采用修正后的拓展Langmuir模型对体系的吸附情况可以进行很好的预测。在单离子体系和双离子体系中,吸附过程的数据均可通过准二级动力学模型进行描述;计算得到其对Cu（II）和Ni（II）单离子的吸附活化能分别为59.12和55.92 kJ/mol。结果表明,金属离子在改性木屑表面的吸附效果会受到另一离子存在的影响。     

静电纺丝法制备碳纳米纤维及其吸附性能

以石墨烯、石墨粉、碳纳米管等材料为碳源,采用静电纺丝技术,随后经稳定和碳化过程,制备得到3种不同的碳纳米纤维。研究了碳纳米纤维在不同吸附条件下对铬离子的吸附性能。结果表明,碳纳米管纳米纤维表面粗糙度大且其石墨化程度最好,晶体结构更有序,比表面积也最高,这一特点有利于增大吸附材料对铬离子的吸附性能;在pH=3,温度为25℃时,碳纳米管纳米纤维对Cr(VI)的吸附量能达到52.8 mg/g。且循环使用5次后,其吸附率能达到初次吸附的60%,碳纳米管纳米纤维表现出最好的吸附性能。     

改性橘子皮对铜、铅和锌的吸附特性及吸附机制(英文)

将橘子皮经氢氧化钠和氯化钙处理,得到改性橘子皮生物吸附剂(SCOP)。用红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和N2-吸附法对其形貌和特性进行表征;通过静态吸附实验,研究pH、起始金属离子浓度等因素对改性橘子皮SCOP吸附Cu2+、Pb2+和Zn2+的影响。等温吸附结果表明,SCOP对Cu2+、Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附符合Langmuir方程,根据Langmuir方程计算的SCOP对Cu2+、Pb2+和Zn2+的饱和吸附量分别为70.73,209.8和56.18mg/g。根据静态吸附实验结果,用动态柱吸附实现了水溶液中Pb2+和Zn2+的分离。吸附过程中离子交换发生了重要作用,重金属离子与吸附剂中的Ca2+离子发生离子交换。     

采用锰矿从水溶液中吸附铅和镉离子(英文)

采用低成本的本地可得的天然锰矿作为吸附剂,研究吸附工艺从水溶液中脱除铅离子和镉离子。利用伪一级、伪二级动力学和颗粒内扩散模型检验动力学吸附数据,计算和比较这些动力学模型的吸附速率常数,发现用伪二级动力学模型能最佳地描述吸附动力学。将 Langmuir 和 Freundlich 等温吸附模型用来拟合不同温度下的平衡数据,发现实验数据与 Langmuir 模型拟合得更好。采用 Langmuir 等温吸附模型计算出锰矿吸附铅离子和镉离子的最大容量分别为 98 和 6.8 mg/g。计算了热力学参数,如吸附吉布斯自由能的变化、焓变与熵变。结果表明,锰矿作为吸附剂对铅和镉的吸附反应是自发的吸热反应。因此,锰矿作为一种天然的矿物吸附剂,可以替代现有的吸附剂来脱除水溶液中的铅离子和镉离子。     

花球状Mg(OH)2的制备及其对重金属离子的快速高效去除(英文)

由MgSO₄废液制备球形花状Mg(OH)₂,并评估其对重金属离子的吸附性能。合适的制备条件为Mg²⁺浓度2 mol/L、Mg²⁺/NH₄OH摩尔比1:0.5、温度120℃和时间1h。由超薄片组成的球形花状Mg(OH)2对重金属离子具有良好的吸附能力,6min即可达到吸附平衡。20℃时Mg(OH)₂对Ni²⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Pb²⁺、Fe³⁺和Co²⁺的最大吸附量分别为58.55、85.84、44.94、485.44、625.00和27.86 mg/g。吸附过程符合Langmuir模型,为单分子层吸附。吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,化学吸附是其作用机制。球形花状Mg(OH)₂是合格的重金属离子吸附材料。     

Adsorption of Ag（Ⅰ） on H2TiO3 from aqueous solutions

Adsorption of silver ions from aqueous solution onto H2TiO3 was studied. Equilibrium experimental studies were performed to determine the adsorption capacity of H2TiO3 for silver ion at various pH values. Batch experiments were conducted in the range of pH value 3-7 and silver ions concentration 10-200 mg/L. The results show that the adsorption is strongly dependent on pH value. The equilibrium absorption capacity of H2TiO3 increases significantly with the increase of pH value from 3 to 7. The adsorption of silver ion obeys the Langmuir isothermal equation well in the concentration range studied, the adsorption constant is 0.054 7, 0.052 4, 0.0881 at pH 5, 6 and 7, respectively, and the maximum adsorption capacities are 23.64, 29.76 and 40.82 mg/g.     

A mechanism of sorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions by chemically modified cellulose

The effect of chemical modification on sorption properties of cotton cellulose with respect to Cu(II), Ni(II), and Fe(II) ions is studied. Modification was carried out through oxidation of cellulose with formation of dialdehyde cellulose, its further conversion to dialdoxime cellulose, and further to a sorbent with hydroxame acidic groups. The optimum conditions for cellulose modification were determined. The sorption capacitance of the modified sorbent is approximately twice as high as that of native cellulose; herewith, the time of establishment of equilibrium is reduced. The mechanism of chemisorption by modified cellulose is due to the presence of new sorption centers??hydroxame acidic groups??in the sorbent structure, alongside with ??-hydroxycarboxyl ones. The former, as opposed to the latter, form colored chelate complexes with heavy metal ions on the sorbent surface. Sorption isotherms are well described by the Langmuir model. The limiting sorption capacitance agrees with the amount of acidic groups of sorbents. This allows attributing such a sorbent to cationites and to interpret the mechanism of metal ion sorption from aqueous media by modified cellulose as ion exchange with the presence of -CHOHCOOH and -CONHOH functional groups.     

Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on biosorption of Cu（ Ⅱ ） by chemically modified orange peel

Cu(II) biosorption by orange peel that was chemically modified with sodium hydroxide and calcium chloride was investigated. The effects of temperature, contact time, initial concentration of metal ions and pH on the biosorption of Cu(II) ions were assessed. Thermodynamic parameters including change of free energy), (ΔG^θ), enthalpy (ΔH^θ) and entropy (ΔS^θ) during the biosorption were determined. The results show that the biosorption process of Cu(II) ions by chemically treated orange peel is feasible, spontaneous and exothermic under studied conditions. Equilibrium is well described by Langmuir equation with the maximum biosorption capacity(qm) for Cu(II) as 72.73 mg/g and kinetics is found to fit pseudo-second order type biosorption kinetics. As the temperature increases from 16 °C to 60 °C, copper biosorption decreases. The loaded biosorbent is regenerated using HCl solution for repeatedly use for five times with little loss of biosorption capacity.     

Thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption for heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions onto surface amino-bacterial cellulose

Amino-bacterial cellulose (amino-BC) was prepared by chemical modification of bacterial cellulose(BC). The adsorption characteristics and mechanism of amino-BC were studied. The results show that adsorption data can be fitted well by Langmuir equation and the pseudo-second order kinetics, indicating that the adsorption of amino-BC would obey monolayer molecule adsorption and the main action was chemisorption. Meanwhile, the adsorption process was studied by the Elovich equation and the intra-particle diffusion model, indicating that the absorption characteristics of metal ions on amino-BC is controlled by both film diffusion and particle diffusion. The increase of reaction temperature will accelerate the adsorbing rate because of endothermic reaction.