岩金富硫化矿石无捕收剂浮选试验研究

以硫化矿物无捕收剂浮选的电化学原理为基础，利用岩金富硫化矿石中的金与其载体矿物硫化矿物的共生关系，探讨了该岩金富硫化矿矿石无捕收剂浮选时，硫化钠用量、矿浆pH值、矿浆电位、氧化时间对其浮选回收率的影响，其实验室粗选结果，可获得32．0g／t金品位，94．01％的金回收率，向传统的黄药类捕收剂浮选金提出了新的挑战。     

黄铁矿表面黄药氧化还原反应的电极过程动力学

利用单矿物电位调控浮选和循环伏安扫描方法研究浮选与电位的关系,考察黄铁矿的浮选电位范围(电极电位),并绘制黄铁矿在不同环境中的φ—pH—c图。结果表明:黄铁矿与黄药作用的起始电位为0.1 V左右;电位在0.1 0.3 V之间时,反应受表面电子转移步骤控制;当电位大于0.3 V时,反应受传质过程控制。黄铁矿对黄药氧化起电催化作用。黄药在黄铁矿表面的吸附过程是整个反应的控制步骤,磨矿和搅拌均会影响捕收剂与黄铁矿的作用。     

硫化矿物的表面结构和表面电荷与无捕收剂浮选

用量子化学ＣＮＤＯ／２法计算了原生的方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿的表面结构和有关性质。讨论了表面在不同带电状态下与空气和水的吸附特性。结果表明，方铅矿和闪锌矿没有无捕收剂可浮性，黄铁矿在表面负电荷和黄铜矿在表面正电荷或不带电荷情况下可无捕收剂浮选。此外，还讨论了这些矿物无捕收剂浮选选择性分离的可行性方案，特别指出了铜在无辅收剂浮选中的作用。     

经氰化处理的黄铜矿和方铅矿的浮选行为与机理（英文）

研究了CN~-与黄铜矿和方铅矿之间的吸附作用,然后在丁基黄药(BX)体系下研究了氰化吸附后的黄铜矿、方铅矿的浮选试验。结果表明,CN~-与两种矿物表面存在化学吸附作用,并可用Langmuir等温模型近似描述。在pH值为6.5,丁基黄药用量为4.0 mg/L的适宜条件下,氰化后的黄铜矿和方铅矿的浮选回收率可分别达到82.1%和63.9%。尽管CN~-降低了黄铜矿、方铅矿表面的接触角,但丁基黄药能够提高氰化矿物表面的疏水性。CN~-对黄铜矿的抑制作用大于方铅矿。在pH值为4.2~8.4时,BX与氰化后的方铅矿表面的相互作用存在静电吸附;BX在氰化后的黄铜矿表面的吸附作用为化学吸附。     

硫化矿的氧化与浮选机理的量子化学研究

本文用量子化学的CNDO/2方法计算了方铅矿和黄铁矿表面、氧的吸附以及氧化表面与乙基黄药相互作用体系.讨论了这两种矿物的表面电子结构,描述了方铅矿浮选的离子交换机理和黄铁矿浮选的双黄药分子吸附机理;研究了氧在硫化矿捕收剂浮选和无捕收剂浮选中的重要作用.     

H_2O_2处理后的黄铜矿和黄铁矿对黄药的吸附作用及其浮选分离（英文）

通过一系列浮选试验和矿物表面分析技术研究H_2O_2处理对黄药浮选分离黄铜矿与黄铁矿的影响。浮选试验结果表明,H_2O_2对两种矿物的浮选行为具有一定影响,H_2O_2对黄铁矿的抑制效果强于黄铜矿。在一定H_2O_2浓度条件下,黄铜矿在pH 9.0时可从黄铁矿中选择性分离出来,此时黄铜矿的回收率达84%以上,而黄铁矿回收率低于24%。Zeta电位、紫外-可见分光光谱以及红外光谱等分析结果表明,H_2O_2处理后的两种矿物对捕收剂的吸附量不同,黄铜矿表面对黄药的吸附量远远大于黄铁矿表面对黄药的吸附量。红外光谱和XPS分析结果表明,H_2O_2处理可大幅度提高黄铁矿表面的亲水性,从而抑制捕收剂的吸附,使其可浮性下降;而黄铜矿对H_2O_2不产生吸附,因此对黄药的吸附和对二黄原酸的氧化效果较好,黄铜矿的浮选回收率较高。     

O，O-二（2，3-二羟基丙基）二硫代磷酸对黄铜矿和方铅矿的选择性抑制

以丁铵黑药为捕收剂,添加一种新型抑制剂O,O-二（2,3-二羟基丙基）二硫代磷酸（DHDTP）对黄铜矿和方铅矿进行浮选,通过动电位和吸附量的测试,探讨抑制剂DHDTP与矿物的相互作用机理。浮选试验结果表明：在整个pH范围内,抑制剂DHDTP对黄铜矿的抑制作用很弱;在pH6～10范围内,抑制剂DHDTP对方铅矿有很强的抑制作用。随着抑制剂DHDTP用量的增多,方铅矿的回收率迅速降低,而黄铜矿的回收率只有小幅度的降低。在DHDTP用量278mg／L、矿浆pH6的条件下,人工混合矿浮选得出的精矿中铜的品位和回收率较好,分别为24．08％和81％。通过动电位和吸附量的测试结果可知,DHDTP在方铅矿上的吸附能力明显高于黄铜矿的。     

方铅矿—石灰—乙硫氮体系电化学调控浮选

运用电化学电位调控浮选理论,对方铅矿石灰乙硫氮体系进行研究。结果表明：在高碱介质中,石灰不仅仅是作为矿浆ｐＨ的调整剂,还表现出对特定的矿浆电位有很好的稳定作用,而这一特定的矿浆电位正是方铅矿的浮选电位;与黄药相比,乙硫氮是方铅矿更好的选择性捕收剂。电位调控浮选在两个矿山的生产实践表明,未加闪锌矿抑制剂,实现了铅锌铁硫化矿的有效浮选分离,其中铅精矿品位分别提高０．７３％和１．８９％,铅的回收率分别提高２．２４％和６．５８％,锌的回收率分别提高４．６３％和４．１９％,同时,两个矿山的每吨原矿药剂成本均下降１０元左右。这一研究成果使电化学调控捕收剂浮选在生产实践中成功应用迈出了一步。     

黄原胶在黄铜矿和闪锌矿浮选分离中的作用及机理

通过纯矿物浮选试验、吸附量和动电位测试及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,研究黄原胶对黄铜矿、闪锌矿浮选行为的影响,考察黄原胶对闪锌矿的抑制作用机理。结果表明:捕收剂为丁黄药时,黄铜矿和闪锌矿基本都可浮,难以分离。黄原胶能较强地抑制闪锌矿且不随pH的变化而变化,而对黄铜矿的抑制作用较弱且随pH降低抑制效果增强。使用黄原胶为抑制剂时,在pH 7～11区间可以实现黄铜矿和闪锌矿的浮选分离。黄原胶在黄铜矿和闪锌矿表面均能吸附,但其在黄铜矿表面的吸附量显著高于在闪锌矿表面的吸附量,同时对闪锌矿表面性质影响也较大。黄原胶主要通过与闪锌矿表面生成的氧化锌或氢氧化锌发生化学反应而吸附在闪锌矿表面,因此黄原胶更容易吸附在容易氧化的闪锌矿表面。     

黄铜矿与方铅矿在硅酸钠和亚硫酸钠体系中的浮选分离和电化学机理（英文）

通过浮选和电化学方法研究黄铜矿和方铅矿在硅酸钠、亚硫酸钠分别作为单一抑制剂以及混合抑制剂条件下选择性分离的电化学机理。浮选实验表明,黄铜矿可浮性不受抑制剂的影响,而且在实验的抑制剂用量范围内,黄铜矿的回收率基本不变(80%)。方铅矿的浮选受到严重的抑制,抑制剂的抑制作用由强到弱的顺序为:混合抑制剂单一硅酸钠单一亚硫酸钠。电化学分析证明抑制剂在方铅矿表面作用强烈,产生亲水性物质,如亚硫酸铅、硫酸铅和正硅酸铅。电化学分析没有发现黄铜矿表面以及抑制剂的氧化,但发现黄铜矿的自我氧化作用被抑制。循环伏安结果与浮选结果非常吻合,表明黄铜矿主要与捕收剂O-异丙基-N-乙基硫代氨基甲酸酯作用,而方铅矿主要与抑制剂作用。     

新型铜硫浮选分离硫氨酯捕收剂的合成及吸附机理（英文）

设计合成一种新型铜硫浮选分离捕收剂：O-异丙基-N,N-二乙基硫代氨基甲酸酯(IPDTC)。先利用密度泛函理论计算IPDTC的电子结构。结果表明,IPDTC比O-异丙基-N-乙基硫代氨基甲酸酯(Z-200)具有更高的最高占据分子轨道能量和更低的电负性。根据相互作用能判据预测IPDTC具有较强的捕收能力。浮选试验表明,IPDTC对黄铜矿和黄铁矿的捕收能力强于Z-200。通过表面张力、吸附量、XPS、FTIR和zeta电位等方法研究捕收剂的浮选机理。研究发现,IPDTC可降低溶液表面张力。IPDTC在黄铜矿表面的吸附能力强于黄铁矿,这与浮选试验结果相吻合。FTIR、zeta电位和XPS结果表明,IPDTC通过形成Cu—S—C键在黄铜矿表面发生较强的吸附作用,但在黄铁矿表面的吸附作用较弱。     

Leptosririllum ferrooxidans-sulfide mineral interactions with reference to bioflotation nad bioflocculation

The adhesion of ferrous ions grown Leptospirillumferrooxidans cells on pyrite and chalcopyrite minerals was investigated through adsorption,Zeta-potential and diffuse reflectance FT-IR measurements.The influence of bacterial species on minerals floatability was determined by Hallimond flotation tests while the flocculation behaviour was examined by Turbiscan measurements. The minerals iso-electric point(pH 6.5-7.5)after interaction with bacterial cells shifted towards cells iso-electric point(pH 3.3), in...     

Leptosririllum ferrooxidans-sulfide mineral interactions with reference to bioflotation nad bioflocculation

The adhesion of ferrous ions grown Leptospirillumferrooxidans cells on pyrite and chalcopyrite minerals was investigated through adsorption, Zeta-potential and diffuse reflectance FT-IR measurements. The influence of bacterial species on minerals floatability was determined by Hallimond flotation tests while the flocculation behaviour was examined by Turbiscan measurements. The minerals iso-electric point （pH 6.5-7.5） after interaction with bacterial cells shifted towards cells iso-electric point （pH 3.3）, indicating the chemical nature of cells adsorption on mineral surfaces. The FT-IR spectra of minerals treated with bacterial cells showed the presence of all the cell functional groups signifying cells adsorption. The bacterial cells adsorption on chalcopyrite was higher compared with pyrite, which agreed with cells greater depression effect on chalcopyrite flotation and pronounced flocculation behaviour in comparison with pyrite.     

Improvement of flotation behavior of Mengzi lead-silver-zinc ore by pulp potential control flotation

The electrochemical behavior of Mengzi lead-silver-zinc ore flotation system was studied. Based on the electrochemical characteristics of sulfide mineral flotation system, a stage potential control flotation was developed with the main parameters of pulp potential（φp）, pH value and collector dosage. Using N,N＇ diphenylamino-dithiolphosphoric acid（NNDDC） as a collector, which has good selectivity for galena flotation at pH 8.8 and pulp potential 330 mV, DDTC is used as secondary collector to improve both the grade and recovery of Pb and Ag. The pulp potential values significantly influence the floatability of practical minerals and single minerals when using NNDDC as the collector. The flotation recovery of galena reaches 85% at about 0.3 V and pH8.8. With the usage of pulp potential control during grinding and flotation, the new pulp electrochemical technology for Mengzi lead-silver-zinc ore flotation was developed. The results show that the grades of Pb and Ag of galena concentrate are 55% and 1 800 g/t, respectively, while the recoveries of Pb and Ag are 86.5% and 65%, respectively, the grade of Zn of marmatite concentrate is 42.5%, and the recovery of Zn is 91.25%.     

无捕收剂浮选时硫化矿物表面的疏水—亲水平衡关系

通过硫化矿物表面中性硫(S~o)的溶剂提取-化学分析、矿浆电位测定和浮选试验,建立了自诱导浮选和硫化钠诱导浮选的疏水-亲水平衡关系,分别用[S~o]/[OH~-]和[S~o]/[OH~-]+[HS~-])表示S~o的生成量[S~o]受矿浆电位调控研究结果表明,pH值相同时,[S~o]值越大,矿物表面疏水性高,浮选行为好pH值高,[OH~-]值高,矿物表面亲水性大,浮选需要的[S~o]多;反之亦然同一pH值下,硫化钠诱导浮选所需[S~o]较自诱导浮选高     

铜离子在黄铜矿表面的吸附及活化作用：一个自活化的新观点

通过Zeta电位分析、X射线光电子能谱分析、铜离子吸附试验、第一性原理计算及Hallimond浮选试验综合揭示了铜离子在黄铜矿表面同样存在着吸附行为,铜离子对黄铜矿同样具有活化作用,主要诱因是铜离子与表面活化位的硫作用,从而增加疏水性。这种吸附作用在一定条件下有利于黄铜矿自身的浮选。浮选矿浆中的铜离子主要来源于黄铜矿的表面氧化溶解和矿物内流体包裹体的释放,这些离子的存在及吸附使黄铜矿具有自活化特性。     

Flotation and electrochemical behaviors of chalcopyrite and pyrite in the presence of N-propyl-N′-ethoxycarbonyl thiourea

The characteristics of N-propyl-N′-ethoxycarbonyl thiourea (PECTU) were studied in the flotation experiments of chalcopyrite and pyrite compared with butyl xanthate (BX). The interaction mechanism between mineral and PECTU was investigated according to zeta potential and electrochemistry measurements in the presence of PECTU. The results proved that PECTU performed a stronger ability to capture chalcopyrite and a better selectivity against pyrite. The zeta potential of chalcopyrite was positively shifted after interacting with PECTU, which indicated that the collector PECTU was obviously adsorbed on chalcopyrite surface. The cyclic voltammetry and Tafel curves results indicated that the oxidation and corrosion rates of chalcopyrite surface were limited in the presence of PECTU, while the effect of PECTU on pyrite in weak alkaline solution can be neglected basically according to the results of zeta potential and electrochemical tests.     

Collector matching in origin potential flotation

Through thermodynamic calculation and electrochemistry analysis~ taking the galena as example,the ba-sis for collector matching in origin potential flotation (OPF) was studied. The results of thermodynamic calculation show that the upper limit value of pH and flotation potential of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) is higher than that of xanthogenate (KBX), which indicates that the collecting ability of DDTC for galena is better than that of KBX.The results of the interface capacitance analysis show that lead diethyldithiocarbamate (PbD2) is more steady than lead xanthogenate (Pb(BX)2) on the galena surface under the oxidation condition; the resistance analysis shows thatD2 (DDTC oxidizes into its dimmer) and dixanthogen (BX)2 will occur non-faradic desorption on the pyrite electrodesurface when the potentials are above 0.13 V and 0.2 V respectively. A synthetical criterion ΔE of collecting ability and selectivity was proposed. The results predicted by this criterion are confirmed through flotation experiments of ore.     

Surface chemistry of activation of lime-depressed pyrite in flotation

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