AZ80镁合金低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造过程的数值模拟和实验研究

采用有限元方法对AZ80镁合金低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造过程的电磁场、流场和温度场进行数值模拟,对铸锭的组织进行观察和分析,并与普通半连续铸造铸锭晶粒组织进行对比。模拟结果表明:在低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造过程中,结晶器中的熔体受脉冲电磁力作用产生强迫对流和电磁振荡,使得熔体的径向温度梯度有所降低。组织观察结果显示,与普通半连续铸锭相比,低压脉冲磁场半连续铸锭晶粒明显细化,枝晶尖端发生钝化。在低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造凝固过程中,结晶器壁附近形核的临界形核半径和临界形核功有所降低,同时脉冲磁场形成的熔体对流使结晶器壁处形成的晶核随着对流扩散到熔池内部,使形核率增加,另外脉冲磁场能够通过尖端钝化的方式抑制晶粒的生长,从而造成低压脉冲磁场铸锭的晶粒细化。     

脉冲磁场对AZ31镁合金组织及压缩性能的影响

研究了在AZ31变形镁合金熔体凝固过程中施加脉冲磁场对其组织及压缩性能的影响。在设定的浇注温度下,考察了脉冲电压、脉冲频率及模具温度对合金的初生相形貌和晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,脉冲磁场可有效细化AZ31镁合金的组织;脉冲电压在0~300V范围内,脉冲频率在1~10Hz时,随着脉冲电压或脉冲频率的增加,合金的平均晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,初生相由发达的树枝晶退化成等轴晶和蔷薇晶。当模具温度在20~600℃时,AZ31镁合金的凝固组织出现先细化后粗化现象,拐点值为200℃;与常规铸造工艺相比,脉冲磁场对合金的压缩性能有明显影响,当脉冲电压为300V,脉冲频率为5Hz,浇注温度为720℃,模具温度为200℃时,合金的抗压强度达到340.87 MPa,抗压强度提高了71.40%,压缩率提高了75.14%。     

低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造AZ80合金组织及力学性能（英文）

研究低压脉冲磁场对半连续铸造AZ80镁合金凝固组织及性能的影响。结果表明:低压脉冲磁场半连续铸造AZ80合金凝固组织发生了明显的细化,枝晶形貌由粗大的枝晶变为细小的蔷薇状。AZ80半连续铸锭的变形能力大大提升,相比未施加脉冲磁场制备的AZ80半连续铸锭,其心部变形后塑性提高了80%以上。     

外加磁场对镁合金焊缝组织与裂纹影响机制的研究

以AZ31B镁合金为研究对象,采用TIG焊接方法,研究了外加纵向磁场对镁合金焊缝成形、焊缝组织及其焊接裂纹的影响规律.研究表明:在外加脉冲交变纵向磁场作用下,镁合金焊缝的熔宽增大,熔深减小,焊缝晶粒细化,析出相增加并呈弥散化分布状况;外加磁场影响了镁合金的焊缝成形和显微硬度,能够控制镁合金焊缝组织、减少镁合金焊缝热裂纹的产生,改善镁合金焊缝的性能.     

温变形对AZ31镁合金组织的影响

为了有效细化镁合金的晶粒 ,以提高其力学性能 ,通过对铸态AZ31进行等温压缩实验 ,并采用现代微观分析手段 ,研究变形参数对AZ31镁合金组织的影响。结果表明 :2 10℃变形可以显著地细化铸造AZ31合金的晶粒 ,其尺寸可由铸态的约 10 0 μm减少到 5 μm左右 ;同时证明温变形能明显提高镁合金的抗拉强度。     

基于FEM的战地车用AZ31镁合金板材ICAE工艺研究

细化晶粒、提高金属综合性能是当前战地车用AZ31镁合金板材塑性成形工艺迫切需要研究的内容。提出了AZ31镁合金板材的减径通道转角(Ironing channel angular extrusion,ICAE)挤压成形工艺。采用数值模拟结合理论分析的方法,对ICAE工艺下200 mm×2 mm的AZ31镁合金板材微观组织演化规律进行了研究。结果表明:ICAE通过晶粒破碎和动态再结晶可以显著细化AZ31镁合金晶粒,板材平均晶粒尺寸可达15μm。     

脉冲磁场对AZ91D镁合金凝固组织的影响

研究了脉冲磁场作用下AZ91D镁合金凝固组织的变化,考察了冷却速度、磁场强度和放电频率对AZ91D镁合金晶粒大小的影响,并对磁场影响凝固组织的机理进行了探讨。试验结果表明:在脉冲磁场的作用下,AZ91D镁合金的凝固组织显著细化,其初生相由发达的树枝晶转变为均匀细小的蔷薇状晶体,共晶网络变得细小且不连续,聚集在晶界上的共晶组织减少;合金的晶粒尺寸随着冷却速度的降低,磁场强度或放电频率的增加而逐渐减小。     

磁场参数对AZ31焊接接头组织和性能的影响

对5 mm厚的AZ31镁板进行GTAW焊接的过程中,外加纵向交流磁场.通过对接头力学性能和显微组织分析,研究磁场参数对AZ31焊接接头组织和性能的影响规律,并墩磁场作用机理进行研究.结果表明,外加纵向磁场通过旋转电弧对熔池进行搅拌,改变晶粒结晶过程,使焊缝中晶粒组织得到细化,进而使焊接接头的抗拉强度和硬度等性能得到改善,同时磁场的电磁搅拌作用可以净化熔池中液态镁合金(使杂质球化并弥散分布),促进气泡上浮,降低镁合金焊接热裂纹敏感性,抑制热裂纹产生.     

低压脉冲磁场下制备半固态AZ91D-3Ca镁合金的研究

研究了低压脉冲磁场下半固态AZ91D-3Ca镁合金的制备,考察了磁场作用下模具预热温度和浇注温度对合金初生相形貌的影响。结果表明,通过控制合金的冷却速度,利用低压脉冲磁场可以制备出初生相为蔷薇状晶体的半固态AZ91D-3Ca镁合金坯料;在低压脉冲磁场的作用下,随着模具预热温度的升高或浇注温度的降低,初生枝晶逐渐退化;低压脉冲磁场只有在较高的模具预热温度和较低的浇注温度下才能使初生相发生蔷薇化转变。     

外加磁场对AZ31镁合金焊接接头组织性能的影响

在对5mm厚的AZ31镁合金板进行GTAW焊接的过程中,外加纵向交流磁场,研究了磁场对焊接接头的力学性能和显微组织的影响,并探讨了磁场的作用机理。结果表明:外加纵向磁场通过旋转电弧对熔池进行搅拌,不仅可以细化晶粒,使焊接接头的抗拉强度、硬度得到改善,还可以净化熔池中液态镁合金(使杂质球化并弥散分布),此外磁场的引入还可降低镁合金焊接热裂纹的敏感性,抑制热裂纹的产生。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.