电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒/管阵列及其机理研究

采用恒电位电沉积法在未经修饰的ITO导电玻璃基底上用一步法制备了ZnO纳米棒阵列结构,并经碱蚀制备了ZnO纳米管阵列结构.通过阴极线性扫描分析了通氧及添加剂六次甲基四铵(HMT)对沉积ZnO薄膜的电化学行为的影响.结果表明,电沉积体系中通入氧气对阴极还原反应起到了加速作用,而电沉积体系中的HMT通过水解作用对电沉积反应起到了稳定剂作用.在氧气和HMT的协同作用下可使ZnO更加充分地成核生长,得到结构清晰分明的六方棱柱ZnO晶种,进而形成规则均一的ZnO薄膜.     

CdSe纳米棒的制备及光电性能研究

采用水热法制备了CdSe纳米棒,并用TEM、SEM、XRD、TGA-DTA对其进行了表征.结果表明,纳米棒直径在100nm左右,长度约300nm;纳米棒具有闪锌矿的结构;将CdSe纳米棒均匀涂在导电玻璃的导电面上,在400℃下煅烧30min后制备成纳米棒膜电极,并进行了光电化学研究,纳米棒膜结构电极最高单色光的光电转换效率(IPCE)可达74%.     

不同晶型 CdSe纳米棒的制备及光电性能研究

采用水热法制备了不同晶型CdSe纳米棒,并用TEM、SEM、XRD、TGA-DTA对其进行了表征.结果显示反应温度为240℃生成纤锌矿型CdSe纳米棒,反应温度为200℃生成闪锌矿型CdSe纳米棒.并对纳米棒进行了光电性能测定,纤锌矿型CdSe纳米棒膜电极的光电转换效率（IP.CE）优于闪锌矿型CdSe纳米棒膜电极的IPCE.CdSe/PMeT复合膜电极在具有最大光电转换效率时的波长发生了红移.     

ZnO单晶纳米棒阵列的水热法合成及光催化性能

采用水热法在各种衬底上低温、一步合成出一维有序ZnO单晶纳米棒阵列。以透明导电玻璃(ITO)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)以及铜作为衬底时,必须预先沉积一层ZnO薄膜作为形核层才能获得ZnO纳米棒阵列。然而,以黄铜作为衬底时,无需形核层也能获得纳米棒阵列。采用SEM、XRD、紫外吸收光谱等方法对纳米棒的结构以及形貌等进行了表征。此外还发现ZnO纳米棒阵列具有很好的紫外光催化活性,3h内对亚甲基蓝的降解率达到53%。尽管修饰CdSe层有助于提高ZnO纳米棒阵列在可见光波段的吸收,但其紫外光催化活性反而降低。并具体讨论了ZnO纳米棒阵列的合成与光催化性能。     

纳米Zn/ZnO复合结构的光催化活性

采用干法室温振动研磨的方法制备纳米Zn粉,纳米Zn水解制备纳米Zn/ZnO复合结构。光催化实验证明在太阳光和紫外光照射时,纳米Zn/ZnO复合结构具有优良的光催化性能。TEM检测表明,经11h研磨的Zn粉粒度分布在10～20nm之间,纳米Zn水解反应生成的固相产品,纳米ZnO与未完全反应的纳米Zn构成棒状与片状共存的独特结构,XRD分析表明产物中仅含有Zn和ZnO两种物质;UV-Vis谱显示纳米Zn/ZnO复合体在可见光区的吸收强度明显高于纳米ZnO颗粒,颗粒尺寸减小引起激子吸收峰蓝移,与体相材料相比纳米颗粒有更高的光催化氧化-还原能力。     

热蒸发法ZnO纳米棒阵列的研究

采用热蒸发的方法在ZnO薄膜缓冲层上成功制备了高密度的ZnO纳米棒阵列，其中ZnO薄膜缓冲层是通过PLD（Pulsed Laser Deposition）的方法制得。与已有的报道不同，该方法未使用任何金属催化剂。X射线衍射仪（XRD）以及场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）的结果表明，实验得到的ZnO纳米棒阵列整齐垂直排列在衬底上．此外，在常温下测量得到的光致发光（PL）谱和透射电子显微镜显示该ZnO纳米棒阵列结晶较好，无明显的缺陷,研究结果表明纳米棒阵列的形成主要归因于ZnO纳米棒和薄膜之间完美的晶格匹配。     

ZnO纳米棒阵列和薄膜的同步外延生长及其光电化学性能

使用化学气相沉积法在a面蓝宝石衬底上同步外延生长氧化锌(ZnO)竖直纳米棒阵列和薄膜,研究了阵列和薄膜的光电化学性能。结果表明,纳米结构中的竖直单晶纳米棒有六棱柱形和圆柱形,其底部ZnO薄膜使竖直纳米棒互相联通。与ZnO纳米薄膜的比较表明,这种纳米结构具有优异的光电化学性能,其入射光电流效率是ZnO纳米薄膜的2.4倍;光能转化效率是ZnO纳米薄膜的5倍。这种纳米结构优异的光电化学性能,可归因于其高表面积-体积比以及其底部薄膜提供的载流子传输通道。本文分析了这种纳米结构的生长过程,提出了协同生长机理：Au液化吸收气氛中的Zn原子生成合金,合金液滴过饱和后ZnO开始成核,随后在衬底表面生成了ZnO薄膜。同时,还发生了Zn自催化的气-固(VS)生长和Au催化的气-液-固(VLS)生长,分别生成六棱柱纳米棒和圆柱形纳米棒,制备出底部由薄膜连接的竖直纳米棒阵列。     

TiO_2纳米颗粒/纳米棒阵列复合薄膜的制备及其光电催化性能

以金属钛箔为钛源,采用双氧水和盐酸体系,通过水热法制备合成TiO2纳米棒阵列薄膜,并通过调节双氧水和盐酸的用量,调控TiO2纳米棒阵列薄膜的微观形貌和物相构成。结合溶剂挥发自组装法将TiO2纳米颗粒引入纳米棒阵列中,得到复合型TiO2光催化剂。以亚甲基蓝为模拟污染物,考察TiO2复合薄膜的光催化活性。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)测试对TiO2复合薄膜的物相和表面形貌等进行了表征,并采用电化学交流阻抗法(EIS)分析其表面电荷转移特性。TiO2纳米颗粒/纳米棒阵列复合薄膜在光电协同条件下,展示出高的光电催化活性。     

ZnO纳米团簇与CdSe纳米棒复合膜的光电化学性能研究

用水热法合成了粒径均匀、分散良好的花状ZnO纳米团簇和CdSe纳米棒.讨论了ITO/ZnO/CdSe复合膜电极光电性能的影响因素,对比研究了ITO/ZnO纳米团簇及ITO/CdSe纳米棒膜电极的光电化学性能,实验表明:复合膜电极拓展了在长波方向的光吸收,提高了光电转换效率;当ZnO与CdSe复合摩尔比为1∶3时,ITO/ZnO/CdSe纳米复合膜电极在本实验中得到最高光电转换效率(IPCE)25.27%,远远高于单一ITO/ZnO花状纳米团簇膜电极和ITO/CdSe纳米棒膜电极.     

从无序到有序ZnO纳米棒的制备

采用3种不同的方法在氧化铟锡玻璃衬底上沉积一层ZnO纳米晶薄膜,然后采用改进的水热法在制备有ZnO纳米晶薄膜的衬底上生长ZnO纳米棒,实现了纳米棒从无序到有序的生长.从XRD和SEM图可得,有序的纳米棒沿(002)择优取向,基本与衬底垂直,平均直径约为40nm.     

ZnO nanorod arrays for photoelectrochemical cells

The splitting of water using photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells to produce hydrogen is one of the most sustainable forms of energy production and more and more 1-D nanostructrues semiconductors used as photoelectrodes have been studied extensively. However, it is not clear whether the photoconversion efficiencies of such nanostructure devices are limited by the architectures of the 1-D electrodes. Here, we explore the effect of the architecture like the length and width of ZnO nanorods on the PEC cells performance for the first time. The as-prepared nanorods have diameters of 40-50 nm and lengths of 400-800 nm. Preliminary measurements exhibit that the resulting electrodes have promising PEC properties. Mott-Schottky measurements give a flat-band potential of +0.10 V, a carrier density of 3.7 x 10(17) cm(-3), and a space-charge layer of 26 nm. The photocurrent of 800 nm-long nanorods shows 10 times higher than that of 400 nm-long ones, and an encouraging maximum photoconversion efficiency of 0.25% is obtained under illumination of 100 mW/cm2 (AM 1.5), which is among the highest reported for an undoped ZnO photoelectrode to date.     

Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of bridged ZnO nanorod arrays grown on V-grooved structure

Bridged ZnO nanorod arrays on a V-grooved Si(100) substrate were used as the photoanode of a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell for water splitting. Photolithography followed by reactive ion etching was employed to create a V-grooved structure on a Si substrate. ZnO nanorod arrays were grown via a hydrothermal method. The light trapping and PEC properties are greatly enhanced using the bridged ZnO nanorod arrays on a V-grooved Si substrate compared with those on a flat one. Increased short circuit photocurrent density (J(SC), 0.73?mA?cm(-2)) and half-life time (1500?s) are achieved. This improved J(SC) and half-life time are 4 times and 10 times, respectively, higher than those of the ZnO nanorod arrays grown on a flat substrate. The overall PEC cell performance improvement for the V-groove grown ZnO array is attributed to the reduced light reflection and enhanced light trapping effect. Moreover, V-groove ZnO showed stronger adhesion between ZnO nanorod arrays and the substrate.     

水热法制备掺铝氧化锌纳米棒阵列及其光学特性

采用水热法,在ZnO种子层上制备出不同Al掺杂量的ZnO纳米棒阵列薄膜,利用XRD、SEM、TEM、PL等检测手段对样品进行结构、形貌和发光性能分析.结果表明,纳米棒属于六方纤锌矿结构,具有垂直基底沿[002]方向生长的特征,PL谱上存在强的近紫外辐射峰.随着掺杂量的增加,纳米棒直径略有减小,近紫外辐射峰蓝移,强度先增加后减小,证明掺杂会形成非辐射中心,探讨了Al掺杂ZnO纳米棒阵列的发光机理.     

Enhanced photoelectrochemical properties of TiO2 nanorod arrays decorated with CdS nanoparticles

TiO₂ nanorod arrays (TiO₂ NRAs) sensitized with CdS nanoparticles were fabricated via successive ion layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR), and TiO₂ NRAs were obtained by oxidizing Ti NRAs obtained through oblique angle deposition. The TiO₂ NRAs decorated with CdS nanoparticles exhibited excellent photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties under visible light, and the one decorated with 20 SILAR cycles CdS nanoparticles shows the best performance. This can be attributed to the enhanced separation of electrons and holes by forming heterojunctions of CdS nanoparticles and TiO₂ NRAs. This provides a promising way to fabricate the material for solar energy conversion and wastewater degradation.     

Controllable synthesis and photoluminescence properties of ZnO nanorod and nanopin arrays

Well-aligned ZnO nanorods and nanopins are synthesized on a silicon substrate using a one-step simple thermal evaporation of a mixture of zinc and zinc acetate powder under controlled conditions. A self-assembled ZnO buffer layer was first obtained on the Si substrate. The structure and morphology of the as-synthesized ZnO nanorod and nanopin arrays are characterized using X-ray diffraction, and scanning and transmission electron microscopies, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The influence of the background atmosphere on the two ZnO nanostructures has been studied. Two different growth mechanisms are mentioned to interpret the formation of ZnO nanorod and nanopin arrays in our work. The room-temperature PL features the ZnO nanorods exhibit only sharp and strong ultraviolet (UV) emission emissions, which confirms the better crystalline and optical quality than the ZnO nanopins.     

ZnO纳米棒阵列、纳米片及其发光和光催化特性

首先通过溶胶-凝胶法在Si片基底上制备1层ZnO纳米薄膜,作为纳米棒的晶种层,然后利用金属浴沉积法在ZnO纳米薄膜基础上制备择优取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列,最后通过水热法二次成核结晶形成纳米片。研究证明,ZnO纳米棒阵列和纳米片均沿着c轴取向。在Cu2+抑制极性面生长的作用下,形成的ZnO纳米片结构均匀,分布面积广,单片ZnO纳米片的厚度约为8 nm,面积呈平方微米级,较大的有40μm2左右。ZnO纳米结构的生长取向对其物理化学性能具有重要影响。高度沿c轴取向的ZnO纳米棒有利于紫外光发射和激光器的发展,但极性面的缩小不利于光催化反应。     

ZnO nanorod array/CuAlO2 nanofiber heterojunction on Ni substrate: synthesis and photoelectrochemical properties

A novel ZnO nanorod array (NR)/CuAlO(2) nanofiber (NF) heterojunction nanostructure was grown on a substrate of Ni plates using sol-gel synthesis for the NFs and hydrothermal reaction for the NRs. Compared with a traditional ZnO/CuAlO(2) laminar film nanostructure, the photocurrent of this fibrous network heterojunction is significantly increased. A significant blue-shift of the absorption edge and a favorable forward current to reverse current ratio at applied voltages of -2 to +2 V were observed in this heterojunction with the increase of Zn(2+) ion concentration in the hydrothermal reaction. Furthermore, the photoelectrochemical properties were investigated and the highest photocurrent of 3.1 mA cm(-2) was obtained under AM 1.5 illumination with 100 mW cm(-2) light intensity at 0.71 V (versus Ag/AgCl). This novel 3D fibrous network nanostructure plays an important role in the optoelectronic field and can be extended to other binary or ternary oxide compositions for various applications.     

Fabrication and photocatalytic property of ZnO nanorod arrays on Cu2O thin film

ZnO nanorod arrays were fabricated on Cu₂O thin film by a simple low-temperature liquid-phase-deposition method. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The UV-Vis spectroscopy showed that the obtained sample was able to absorb a large part of visible light (up to 650 nm). Their photocatalytic activities were investigated by degradation of dye methylene blue (MB) under UV-Vis and visible light irradiation. It was found that the photocatalytic activity of the ZnO/Cu₂O NRs was higher than the ZnO/ZnO NRs under UV-Vis light. In a word, Cu₂O played an important role in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of the ZnO/Cu₂O NRs.     

TiO_2纳米管阵列的制备及其光电化学性质研究

以H3PO4/NH4F水溶液为电解液,在20V下阳极氧化钛片1h制得TiO2纳米管阵列,其管径约为100nm,管长约800nm。经不同温度煅烧后,利用FESEM、XRD和光电化学分析测试系统分别对纳米管阵列的形貌结构、晶相组成以及光电化学性质进行研究。光电化学特性研究结果表明600℃热处理后性能最佳。当前体系中所制备的薄膜结构上高度有序,光电化学性质优良,作为光电极材料在太阳能光电转换、光催化等领域具有广阔的应用前景。