大尺寸Ti3AlC2陶瓷的制备及耐磨性研究

采用燃烧合成结合准热等静压技术(SHS/PHIP)制备了大尺寸Ti3AlC2陶瓷材料(φ240 mm×40mm),利用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机,研究了不同滑动速度下Ti3AlC2的摩擦磨损性能.结合XRD分析、SEM观察和EDS能谱分析,讨论了Ti3AlC2在不同条件下的摩擦磨损机理.结果表明:载荷分别为30N、50N和70N时,随滑动速度的增大,Ti3AlC2的摩擦因数和磨损率均呈现降低趋势,在载荷70N、滑动速度4.8 m/s时,摩擦因数和磨损率分别为0.24和2×10-6 mm3/N·m;材料磨损以磨损表面磨粒磨损和氧化膜的轻微划痕磨损为主.     

Mo_5Si_3-Al_2O_3复合材料的微观结构与摩擦磨损性能

采用机械化学还原法结合热压烧结制备Mo_5Si_3-Al_2O_3复合材料,采用XRD、SEM等对复合材料的相组成、微观结构及磨损机理进行分析。结果表明:复合材料主要物相为Mo_5Si_3、Al_2O_3和Mo_3Si,其组织均匀细小,晶粒尺寸在1~5μm之间。Mo_5Si_3-Al_2O_3复合材料具有优异的抗摩擦磨损性能。随载荷增加,其摩擦因数和磨损率降低。载荷为10 N时,其摩擦因数和磨损率分别为0.176和6.23×10~(–6) mm~3/(N·m)。与对磨件GCr15钢球相比,其磨损率降低近1个数量级。Mo_5Si_3-Al_2O_3复合材料主要的磨损机理为氧化磨损和从低载荷下的粘着-剥落磨损过渡到高载荷下的磨粒磨损。     

载荷和温度对SiCp/A357复合材料摩擦磨损特性的影响

采用铸造法制备了SiCp/A357复合材料。在MVF-1A摩擦磨损试验机上研究了外加载荷和温度对SiCp/A357复合材料干滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响,对磨环材料为45^#钢。采用SEM对铝基复合材料磨损面形貌进行了分析。结果表明：随着外加载荷的增加,复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率呈现先降低后增加的趋势;载荷为100 N时,复合材料的摩擦系数最稳定,磨损率最小。复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率对温度变化很敏感,在115℃以下,磨损率变化较小,以磨粒磨损机制为主;当温度超过165℃时,摩擦系数波动明显,磨损面塑性变形严重,此时以粘着磨损机制为主。     

氮气、空气条件下炭/炭复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

在MM-1000型摩擦试验机上,对炭/炭复合材料分别在氮气和空气中模拟正常着陆能量条件下的摩擦磨损行为进行测试。结果表明:在氮气中,炭/炭复合材料的摩擦因数较高,达到0.32～0.4,磨损率较低,质量磨损率为18 mg/次,线性磨损率为1.4μm/次;在空气中,材料的摩擦因数较低,为0.2～0.3,但磨损率较高,质量磨损率为48 mg/次,线性磨损率为3.8μm/次。磨损表面及磨屑的SEM形貌表明:在空气中,材料摩擦表面易形成炭纤维、基体炭相互脱离的磨屑,其主要磨损机制为氧化磨损;在氮气中,则有纤维与基体炭连接良好、大尺寸的磨屑出现,主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

机械模具导向滑板Fe-Mo-石墨自润滑材料摩擦学性能研究

采用粉末冶金工艺,制备了3种不同石墨含量的Fe-Mo-石墨自润滑材料,测定了3种材料的密度、硬度和抗压强度,并对材料的组织和不同摩擦速率下的摩擦学性能进行分析和研究,最后采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对磨痕表面形貌和成分进行表征。结果表明,复合材料中石墨添加质量分数为1.0%时,材料组织以铁素体为主相,此时的摩擦系数较为稳定,磨损率随摩擦速率的提高而增大,磨损机制主要为粘着磨损;石墨添加质量分数高于1.0%时,材料组织以珠光体为主相,摩擦系数随摩擦速率提高而增大,但磨损率随之减小,且摩擦速率高于0.5m/s时,磨损率量级为10~(-8)cm~3/N·m,属于轻微磨损。材料中珠光体、Fe_2MoC的生成,以及摩擦过程中生成的Fe_2O_3、Fe_3O_4是Fe-Mo-石墨材料在高的摩擦速率下具有优良耐磨性的主要原因。     

C/C-Cu复合材料的摩擦磨损行为

采用无压熔渗方法制备1种新型的C/C-Cu复合材料,研究该材料与紫铜对偶在干摩擦往复运动条件下的磨损行为,系统考察载荷30～70 N和速度0.25～1.0 m/s范围内摩擦副材料的磨损性能;通过对磨损表面及磨屑的显微分析,建立C/C-Cu复合材料的磨损机制转变图。结果表明:在选定的试验条件下,根据C/C-Cu复合材料的磨损程度,可将磨损图划分为轻微磨损区和严重磨损区。在轻微磨损区,低载荷下的主要磨损机制为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损;在较高载荷下,磨损主要由磨屑膜的脱落引起;在严重磨损区,复合材料的磨损机制为剥落磨损。     

高氮不锈轴承钢的微动磨损性能

为了探究应力和滑动速度对高氮不锈轴承钢微动磨损性能的影响,采用SRV-Ⅳ微动磨损试验机进行了不同应力和不同滑动速度下的微动磨损试验,对摩擦因数和磨损率进行分析,并对磨斑形貌进行观察.结果表明:试验钢的摩擦因数随应力和滑动速度的增加而减小;磨损率随应力和滑动速度的增加而增加.随着pv值(表示轴承工况的严重程度)的增大,高氮不锈轴承钢的磨损机理由黏着磨损逐渐转变为磨粒磨损和塑性挤出磨损.     

45CrNiMoVA与PCrNiMo配副的摩擦磨损特性

 在自制的销盘式干滑动摩擦磨损实验机上研究了45CrNiMoVA与PCrNiMo配副的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明：材料的磨损率随着速度、载荷的增加而增大;摩擦因数随着载荷增加而减小;随着速度的改变磨损率的变化规律为：减小、增大、再减小;硬度对实验材料磨损率的影响与通常所用材料不同,磨损机理为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。     

成型工艺对树脂基摩擦材料及其摩擦学性能的影响

以碳纤维2.5D浅交弯联结构为预制体,分别采用树脂传递成型工艺(RTM)和热压成型工艺(HPM)制备了碳纤维增强酚醛树脂基摩擦材料.通过MS-T3001摩擦磨损试验机考核了材料的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜、激光三维形貌扫描仪观测了材料的磨损形貌,对比分析了两种成型工艺对材料摩擦学性能的影响.结果表明:随着滑动速度和工作载荷的增大,材料的摩擦系数均减小.热压成型工艺成型摩擦材料的主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损,摩擦系数0.085~0.130,磨损率1.5×10^-8 g·N^-1·m^-1.树脂传递成型工艺成型摩擦材料的主要磨损形式为黏着磨损和疲劳磨损,摩擦系数0.075~0.120,磨损率7.5×10^-8 g·N^-1·m^-1.     

铜基体上超音速火焰喷涂WC-12Co涂层的摩擦磨损性能

为提高铜基复合材料的耐磨性,利用超音速喷涂法在铜基复合材料表面制备了WC-12Co耐磨涂层。实验分析了涂层的微观结构、硬度、截面元素分布,并以载荷、转速为变量对涂层的耐磨性进行测试,深入分析了涂层的磨损机制及转速、载荷对涂层磨损率、摩擦因数的影响。结果表明:涂层的微观组织均匀、硬度高;耐磨性好,体积磨损率仅为10-14~10-13m3/(m·N)数量级,磨损机制主要是粘接相犁削、碳化物硬质相的脱落和涂层的剥落,磨损率、摩擦因数随转速、载荷的变化涂层呈现出不同的规律。     

Effect of artificial tribological layer on sliding wear behavior of H13 steel

An artificial tribological layer was formed on the worn surface during sliding, through supplying MoS2 , Fe2 O 3 or their equiponderant mixtures onto the sliding interface of H13/GCr15 steels.The effect of this tribological layer on the wear behavior of H13 steel was studied.The worn surfaces and subsurfaces of H13 steel were thoroughly characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS); the wear mechanisms were explored.The research results demonstrated that tribological layer did not exist during sliding of H13 steel with no additive, but it formed with the addition of MoS2 , Fe2 O 3 or their equiponderant mix-tures.When there was no tribological layer, the wear rate rapidly increased with an increase of the load.In this case, adhesive and abrasive wear prevailed.As the additives were supplied, the artificial tribological layer was observed to be immediately formed and stably existed on worn surfaces.This tribological layer presented an obvious protective function from wear and friction.Hence, the wear rate and friction coefficient were significantly decreased.MoS2 as tribological layer seemed to present more obvious protective function than Fe2 O 3 .By supplying their mixture, the artificial tribological layer possessed not only the load-carrying capacity of Fe2 O 3 , but also the lubricative capacity of MoS2 .These two simultaneous capacities could improve the friction and wear properties of H13 steel further.     

超音速火焰喷涂WC-12Co涂层的滑动磨损特性

利用超音速火焰喷涂工艺在铜基复合材料表面制备WC-12Co涂层.分析了涂层的微观结构、相组成和含量以及表面和截面硬度,并对涂层的摩擦磨损性能进行测试.结果表明：涂层组织和截面硬度分布均匀,耐磨性好,摩擦过程中会形成两种摩擦膜.磨损率随载荷增加而呈增大趋势,随转速的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势.涂层最适用的环境为300~500 r·min^-1和2~3 N,磨损率与滑动速度间的回归方程满足一元二次函数;磨损率与载荷间的回归方程满足指数方程.     

Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of Al6061–SiC–Gr Self-Lubricating Hybrid Nanocomposites

In the present investigation, a newly fabricated Al6061 reinforced with various quantity (0.4–1.6 wt%) of nano SiC in steps of 0.4 and fixed quantity (0.5 wt%) of micro graphite particle’s hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by ultrasonic assisted stir casting method. The influence of nano SiC and graphite content on the mechanical and tribological properties of Al6061 hybrid nanocomposites were studied. The pin-on-disc equipment was used to carry out experiment at 10–40 N applied load, 0.5 m/s sliding speed and 1000 m sliding distance. The Al/SiC/Gr hybrid nano-composite and matrix alloy wear surfaces were characterized by FESEM equipped with an EDS, 3D profilometer to understand the wear mechanisms. The results of Al/SiC/Gr self-lubricating hybrid nano-composites showed improved wear resistance than the Al6061 matrix alloy. The co-efficient of friction of Al/SiC/Gr hybrid nano-composites were lower than those of the unreinforced alloy at various applied load. Compared to matrix alloy, the surface roughness of Al/SiC/Gr hybrid nano-composites had significantly reduced to 66% at low load and 75% at high load. Self-lubricating Al/SiC/Gr hybrid nanocomposites showed superior surface smoothness compared to matrix alloy.     

BN和MoS2对镍基材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过热压烧结制备了含不同质量分数润滑剂（0%、10% MoS₂、5% MoS₂+5% BN和10% BN）的镍基材料,利用销盘摩擦磨损试验机对4种镍基材料在载荷30~60 N、滑动速度0.35~0.58 m·s-1（300~500 r·m-1）条件下进行摩擦磨损实验,通过扫描电镜观察磨损表面形貌,分析了不同润滑剂对镍基材料抗磨损性能的影响。结果表明:由于MoS₂与基体之间结合良好,含有10% MoS₂润滑剂的镍基材料具有较低且平稳的摩擦系数和最低的磨损率;由于BN与基体之间结合松散,含10% BN润滑剂的镍基材料在较高载荷和滑动速率下具有相对较高的摩擦系数和磨损率。     

AS41耐热镁合金的摩擦学行为研究

本文研究了AS41耐热镁合金在室温和200℃时的显微组织、力学和摩擦学性能,并探讨了其在高温的摩擦学机理。研究表明:AS41耐热镁合金主要由基体(α-Mg)相和第二相(Mg17Al12、Mg2Si和MgO相)组成,其在200℃时除延伸率有所增加外,抗拉强度和屈服强度均较室温时显著下降。耐热镁合金的摩擦系数随载荷增大而减小,滑行速度和滑行距离对摩擦系数的影响不大;磨损率随着载荷和滑行距离的增加而增大,但随滑行速度的增加而减小;且耐热镁合金在200℃的摩擦学性能优于其室温摩擦学性能。随着载荷变化,磨损机理发生变化;低载荷时表现为氧化磨损和磨粒磨损;中等载荷时表现为磨粒磨损和轻微剥层磨损;较高载荷时表现为剥层磨损。     

7075铝合金板材热冲压成形中的高温摩擦

采用自制的板带高温摩擦试验机模拟实际固溶–冲压–淬火一体化热成形工艺下7075铝合金的高温摩擦过程,分别对上下摩擦头进行冷却和加热以模拟实际热冲压过程对模具和压边圈的冷却和加热,分析了下模加热温度、法向载荷和滑动速度对7075铝合金摩擦行为及磨损机理的影响。结果表明:铝合金摩擦系数随着下模加热温度的升高而增大,磨损机制由300 ℃时的黏着磨损转变为500 ℃时的黏着磨损、氧化磨损和磨粒磨损;施加法向载荷越大,摩擦系数越大,不同载荷下磨损机制均为黏着磨损及轻微的磨粒磨损,且随着载荷增大,黏着磨损程度有所加深;高滑动速度导致了磨损表面局部氧化物的生成,使摩擦系数随着滑动速度增大而减小,滑动速度为30 mm·s?1时,磨损机制主要是氧化磨损、磨粒磨损和黏着磨损。      

Dry Sliding Oxidative Wear in Plain Carbon Dual Phase Steel

 To investigate the tribological potential of the dual phase (DP) steel as a wear resistant material, the wear and the friction characteristics of this steel, which consists of hard martensite islands embedded in a ductile ferrite matrix, have been investigated and compared with those observed in plain carbon hardened (H) steel that has the same carbon content of 02%. Dry sliding wear tests have been carried out using a pin on disk wear testing machine at different normal loads of 213 N, 285 N, 357 N, and 426 N and at a constant sliding velocity of 120 m/s. The analysis of surface and wear debris of samples showed that the wear mechanism was mainly mild oxidative. The friction and the wear rate of the H steel and the DP steel have been explained with respect to the microstructure and the wear mechanism.     

Effect of Speed on the Tribological Behavior of Fe–Cu–C Based Self Lubricating Composite

In this work, the effect of different speeds on the tribological properties of sintered iron–copper–graphite (Fe–Cu–C) based self lubricating composites have been studied. Fe–Cu–C based self-lubricating composites were prepared by powder metallurgical compaction and sintering method. CaF₂, a solid lubricant in weight percentages of 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 was added to the base matrix consisting of Fe-2Cu-0.8C. The fabricated samples were tested for friction and wear at a constant load of 10 N and three different speeds of 0.5, 5 and 10 m/s. The surface properties of unworn and worn surfaces were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscope. The friction and wear test of the composites exhibited decrease in coefficient of friction and increase in wear loss with the increase in speed. The results also revealed different trends in the friction behavior of the developed composites at low (0.5 m/s) and high speeds(5 and 10 m/s). However, at all test speeds, COF of samples with 3, 6 and 9 wt.% was less than the base matrix, and wear loss of 3 wt.% CaF₂ sample was the lowest at all speeds. Ploughing, adhesive and delamination wear were the dominant wear mechanism as revealed by SEM. Based upon the findings, the developed material could be used for low and high speed antifriction applications.     

Mechanical and Wear Properties of Al–Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated by the Combined Effect of Stir and Squeeze Casting Method

The effects of nano particles on double shear strength and tribological properties of A356 alloy reinforced with Al₂O₃ nano particles of size 30 nm were investigated. The percentage inclusions of Al₂O₃ were varied from 0.5 to 1.5 wt%. The particles were added with stirring at 400 rpm and squeeze casting at 750 °C and pressure of 600 MPa in a squeeze casting machine. Comparison of the performance of as cast samples of A356/Al₂O₃ nano composite was conducted. The tribological properties of the samples were also investigated by pin-on-disk tests at 10, 30 and 50 N load, sliding speed 0.534 m/s and sliding distance 1100 m in dry condition. SEM images of microstructure analysis of the composite, Al₂O₃ (0.5 and 1 %) particles were well dispersed in the A356 alloy matrix. Partial agglomeration was observed in metal matrix composite with higher (1.5 %) Al₂O₃ particle contents. The nano dispersed composites containing 0.5 and 1 wt% of Al₂O₃ nano particles exhibited the highest double shear strength, lesser wear loss and coefficient of friction.