海洋用A514钢与ZGMn13Mo钢多层多道焊接接头组织与性能研究

研究了采用ER309L不锈钢焊丝对25 mm厚的A514/ZGMn13Mo异种钢进行多层多道的熔化极气体保护焊。显微组织显示了焊缝组织为铁素体和奥氏体,具有较强的抗裂性,A514钢热影响区组织主要为板条状马氏体和少量的铁素体,未发现碳化物,热影响区存在较大的应力,ZGMn13Mo钢热影响区组织为粗化的奥氏体,晶界与晶内存在大量的碳化物,同时较大的焊接应力导致该侧影响区易萌生裂纹。显微硬度结果表明了焊缝底部和中部显微硬度相对于焊缝顶部较高,A514钢热影响区显微硬度表现为先升后降的特点,ZGMn13Mo钢热影响区硬度持续上升直至达到母材硬度水平。     

1500 MPa热成形钢钢带激光焊焊后热处理工艺研究

采用HSL21型激光焊接机对1 500 MPa热成形钢钢带进行对接焊,对激光焊接头进行了不同温度下的焊后热处理,并进一步对接头杯突性能、显微组织及硬度进行了检验。结果表明,焊态接头杯突性能较差,焊缝及热影响区明显淬硬,平均显微硬度达500 HV0.2左右,显微组织为马氏体;随着热处理温度的提高,焊缝和热影响区的硬度值降低,杯突性能逐渐提高;500℃热处理时,焊缝区和热影响区组织为回火马氏体,在600℃和800℃热处理时,组织分别转变为回火索氏体和贝氏体。     

HR800CP复相高强钢板焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能

采用激光焊、80%Ar+20%CO_2混合气体保护焊匹配CHW-60C焊丝,对HR800CP复相高强钢板进行了焊接,对其焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:激光焊缝的焊缝中心和热影响区组织为马氏体和贝氏体,焊缝中心和热影响区硬度值均高于母材,弯曲180°时未出现沿焊缝的开裂情况,接头抗拉强度为799 MPa,低于母材的抗拉强度,原因是焊缝的表面有凹陷。混合气体保护焊接头焊缝组织为针状铁素体、块状铁素体,粗晶区组织为板条状马氏体+贝氏体组织,正火区组织以贝氏体为主,熔合线附近存在相对较软的区域,接头的抗拉强度755 MPa,低于母材的抗拉强度。     

硅黄铜预合金粉末在金刚石工具中的应用

采用气水耦合雾化法制备了含有质量分数0.4%稀土Ce的硅黄铜预合金粉末, 在680~720 ℃热压烧结预合金粉末, 获得了致密烧结体。通过洛氏硬度计测试烧结体硬度为HRB62~65, 使用万能力学实验机测试烧结体抗弯强度为530~550 MPa, 利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结体基体微观组织为α相黄铜, 组织中还存在蠕虫状及花状的弥散银灰色(β'+γ)相。选择添加质量分数20%的硅黄铜预合金粉末配方(铁粉+铜粉+锌粉+预合金粉末)制备花岗岩切割用金刚石刀头, 与单质粉末混合配方(铁粉+铜粉+锌粉)制备的刀头相比, 添加硅黄铜预合金粉末的刀头硬度增加22%, 抗弯强度降低8%, 刀头锋利度和使用寿命整体提升, 胎体磨粒夹杂减少, 并出现大量排屑沟槽。     

QP980淬火-配分钢MAG焊接头组织及力学性能

QP980淬火-配分钢属于第三代先进高强钢，具有强塑积高、成形性好等优点而成为汽车轻量化发展的重要材料。对国内某公司生产的1.5 mm厚的QP980淬火-配分钢采用机器人MAG焊(熔化极活性气体保护焊)进行焊接，分析焊接工艺参数对其焊接接头组织和力学性能的影响。考虑到焊接的淬火作用以及焊接接头的等强匹配原则，采用ER50-6焊丝作为填充材料。研究结果表明，在合适的焊接工艺窗口内，减小焊接热输入有利于提高焊接接头的强度，但对其塑性有不利影响。焊接接头横截面的组织和力学性能变化非常大，焊缝金属区主要由铁素体和珠光体组成，硬度较低，但能达到原始母材的硬度值；靠近焊缝的热影响区主要是完全相变区，该区是由原始母材组织发生奥氏体转变后冷却产生的以板条马氏体为主的组织，硬度较母材有较大提升，该区成为焊接接头的硬化区，而靠近母材的焊接热影响区主要包括两相区和回火区，两相区中部分组织发生了奥氏体转变，冷却后转变的组织较原始组织中的马氏体含量有所降低，硬度略有下降，而回火区是由原始组织中的铁素体、少量奥氏体以及发生了回火的马氏体组成，由于马氏体的回火作用，硬度也略有降低。在该钢的MAG焊中，焊接接头软化现...     

1800 MPa热成形钢与CR340LA低合金高强钢激光焊接性能

采用光纤激光焊接设备对1800 MPa级热成形钢与CR340LA低合金高强钢进行对接激光拼焊,研究了不同激光焊接功率和焊接速度下焊接接头的组织演变规律及热冲压成形性能,并对焊接接头的力学性能和硬度进行了分析。结果表明,3种焊接工艺下激光拼焊原板综合力学性能相差较小,由焊接接头造成的伸长率和抗拉强度的损失均在母材的28.3%和9.1%以内。激光焊接后焊缝区均为粗大、高硬度的马氏体结构;两侧热影响区组织主要为铁素体和马氏体,接头未出现明显的软化区。激光拼焊原板拉伸试样均断裂于CR340LA母材区,距离焊缝12 mm左右,且存在焊缝隆起现象。选取焊接功率和焊接速率分别为4000 W和0.18 m·s?1的焊接试样在高温下进行热冲压成形检测,未出现焊缝开裂,热成形后拼焊板具有良好性能,满足汽车激光拼焊板使用要求,拉伸结果表明,试样断裂位置与未热冲压成形前一致,均位于CR340LA母材区,拉伸过程中,焊缝向高强度母材侧偏移,在弱强度母材侧产生应力集中并缩颈断裂。      

热处理对B1500HS钢激光拼焊板力学性能的影响

利用单轴拉伸试验机、扫描电子显微镜、能量色散谱仪、光学显微镜、维氏硬度仪等研究了热处理前后B1500HS钢激光拼焊板的淬火性能.结果表明:热处理前B1500HS钢拼焊板焊缝强度远高于母材区,硬度分布极不均匀;热处理后,B1500HS钢拼焊板的元素分布几乎没有变化,整体强度有了大幅的提高,但塑性下降程度较大,其中横向塑性最差,经维氏硬度测试,发现焊缝至母材区的硬度过渡平滑.硬度值平滑过渡使得应力和应变分布更加均匀,保证了母材和焊缝力学性能的良好连续性,可以显著提高B1500HS钢拼焊板的成形性能.      

低合金高强钢激光—电弧复合焊焊缝组织及性能研究

激光—电弧复合焊兼具表面成形较好、熔深较大的特点,在中厚板焊接中获得广泛应用,但激光复合焊时,焊缝冷却速率较快,焊缝淬硬倾向较强,在中厚板低合金高强钢焊接时应用受限.针对宝钢生产的BG890QL低合金高强钢进行激光—电弧复合焊接,研究焊缝组织的淬硬倾向,结果表明:激光—电弧复合焊接接头柱状晶组织特定生长方向明显,但焊缝中心和顶部存在等轴晶.室温和-40℃时,焊缝处的冲击功分别为58 J和40 J,热影响区的分别为147 J和66.5 J,冲击性能均能满足要求.激光—电弧复合焊低合金高强钢可以获得强韧性较好的焊缝及热影响区组织,满足工程应用需求.     

轮辋用车轮钢380CL焊后扩口开裂原因分析

采用光学显微镜、显微硬度计等对闪光焊接的轮辋用车轮钢380CL开裂试样进行检测分析。结果表明,车轮钢380CL中C元素含量超内控上限,闪光焊接时焊缝区域为快速高温加热,焊后冷却速度快,焊缝区淬透性提高,出现粗大的贝氏体组织;基体和热影响区显微硬度(HV0.1)为303～310,而焊缝区的显微硬度(HV0.1)为346,比基体和热影响区的硬度高12%～14%,硬度差异较大,轮辋扩口变形时各组织变形协调能力差,导致在焊缝和粗晶热影响区的交界处开裂。通过严控车轮钢380CL的化学成分,同时降低焊接热输入量,可细化焊缝组织,降低焊缝和基体、热影响区的硬度差,保证焊缝具有良好的塑性,降低轮辋成形开裂率。     

凝胶注模-真空烧结制备TiC/Fe基钢结硬质合金

采用甲苯/甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEMA)凝胶体系实现了Ti C/Fe基复合粉末的凝胶注模成形,并通过真空烧结制备出复杂形状的钢结合金烧结体,研究了单体含量对坯体和烧结体抗弯强度、密度、硬度及微观组织的影响。结果表明:单体含量直接影响坯体及烧结体的组织及性能,单体的最佳质量分数为4.6%,制备的坯体强度高达28 MPa,经1 420℃真空烧结1 h,制备出烧结体的强度、密度及硬度分别为1 410 MPa、6.46 g/cm3、50 HRC,热处理后,制品的抗弯强度及硬度分别提高到1 670 MPa和65 HRC。     

Influence of post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of laser weld seams on hot-rolled TRIP 800 steel

The transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels effect occurs because of the martensitic transformation of retained austenite during plastic deformation,and it provides the steel with excellent strength and ductility.While welding remains a vital part of auto body manufacturing,the weldability of TRIP steels is problematic,and this prevents its adoption for many applications in the automotive industry.This present work studies the effects of welding and post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure of TRIP steels.It is found that the microstructures of the fusion zone and the heat affected zone (HAZ) are changed after high-temperature heat treatment.Hardness tests revealed that fusion zone hardness decreased with increasing of temperatures in the post-weld heat treatment on the laser weld seam.The rolling performance of the welding seam and the seam of post-weld heat treatment were also studied.     

Laser Welding of Ultra-Fine Grained Steel SS400

Steeliswidelyusedbecauseofitsgoodcompre hensive properties ,plentyofresourceandlowerprice .Thestrengthandtoughnessaretwoimpor tantpropertiesofsteels ,andpeoplemakeeffortstoincreasetheirvalues .Addingalloyingelementandcontrollingmicrostructurearetwobasicwaystoac complishtheaim .Therefinedmicrostructureob tainedbyprocessingtechniqueenablesthestrengthandtoughnessofsteeltobeincreasedwithoutaddingalloyingelementandtheratioofperformance costtobeincreased .Theultra finegrainedsteelshavefer ritegrains…     

Si-Mn系超高强度热成形淬火钢板的点焊性能

 采用不同的点焊工艺参数对研发的1700MPa级Si-Mn系热成形淬火钢板与低碳钢板DC04进行异种材料之间点焊,并对焊接接头的拉伸性能、显微硬度分布及微观组织特征等进行了分析。结果表明,焊接电流对点焊接头熔核直径和抗剪强度具有显著的影响,而焊接时间的影响相对较小。超高强度钢板侧的热影响区存在两个明显的软化区和硬化区,即在靠近母材处存在一个硬度明显低于母材的软化区,其组织为回火马氏体;在靠近熔核处存在一个硬度明显高于母材的硬化区,其组织为细小的马氏体。点焊接头熔核部位为柱状粗大马氏体组织,其硬度明显低于超高强度钢板母材且远高于低碳钢板母材。低碳钢板热影响区低的硬度和明显粗化的铁素体组织,使得点焊接头单向拉伸时均从低碳钢板的热影响区一侧破断。     

Microstructure and Residual Stress Formation in Induction‐Assisted Laser Welding of the Steel S690QL

Steels of high mechanical strength combined with high toughness, such as those in quenched and tempered condition are required to reduce weight in industrial machinery. Their mechanical performance is impaired by welding operations which often cause a reduction of toughness and increase the probability for cold cracking due to martensite formation in the weld seam. The limited weldability of high‐strength steels therefore demands appropriate joining procedures to increase their use in industrial construction and reduce reworking costs. Induction heating is capable of directly producing heat inside a work piece. This enables the integration of induction heat‐treatments into serial welding processes. In this work, the effect of induction‐assisted laser welding on the microstructure and residual stresses in S690QL butt joints was investigated. The results reveal that conventional laser welding causes strong martensite formation in the weld seam and the heat‐affected zone. This leads to prohibitive hardness values. Induction heat‐treatments result in an efficient reduction of hardness in the fusion zone. However, the efficiency decreases with increasing sheet thicknesses. The residual stress distributions after laser welding with and without induction heating are typical of fusion welding. Although an effective reduction of hardness is achieved by induction‐assisted laser welding, the residual stresses remain significantly high.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TWIP Steel Joints

As a new type of high manganese steel, the twinning induced plasticity （TWIP） steels have attracted a growing interest in the automotive industry due to their good performance. Thin plates of TWIP steel were welded by laser beam welding （LBW） and gas tungsten arc welding （GTAW）. The microstructure result shows that GTAW joint has obvious heat-affected zone （HAZ）, while the HAZ of LBW joint is almost invisible. The X-ray diffraction result shows that the phase compositions of both joints are austenitic and no phase transition occurs. Energy disper- sive spectrometry result shows that there is violent evaporation of Mn element in LBW joint, while the proportion of Mn element in GTAW joint is almost unchanged. Tensile tests and micro-hardness measurements were performed to take into account the mechanical properties of joints manufactured by the two different processes. The micro-hard- ness profiles of both joints present a typical saddle distribution, and the hardness of GTAW seam is lower than that of LBW seam. The failure positions of LBW joints are all located in base metal while the GTAW joints are all at the weld toe due to the softening of HAZ. By means of scanning electron microscopy, a typical ductile fracture is observed in LBW joint, while a brittle fracture with quasi-cleavage fracture characteristic is observed in GTAW joint.     

Comparative Study on Processing Property Between CWW CO2 Gas Shielded Welding and SAW

 Cable welding wire (CWW) CO2 gas shielded welding is an innovative process arc welding with high efficiency, high quality and low consumption, in which cable wire is used as consumable electrode. CWW CO2 gas shielded welding and submerged arc welding (SAW) are used for contrast studies on processing property of high strength steel A36 used in ship structure. The results show that the shapes of weld seam, using CWW CO2 gas shielded welding and SAW, are good and no weld defect such as air hole, flaw, slag inclusion, incomplete fusion, lack of penetration and so on are found in the weld seam. Because the rotating of arc during CWW CO2 gas shielded welding process has a strong stirring effect on molten pool, the grain in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the joints, using CWW CO2 gas shielded welding, is small. Tensile failure positions of joints by CWW CO2 gas shielded welding and SAW are all in the base metal, but tensile strength of CWW CO2 gas shielded welding joint is higher than that of SAW joint by an average of 2. 3%. The average impact energy of HAZ, using CWW CO2 gas shielded welding and SAW, is almost equal, but the average impact energy of the weld seam using CWW CO2 gas shielded welding is increased by 6%, and the average impact energy of the fusion line is increased by 7%. The 180° bending tests for the joints of CWW CO2 gas shielded welding and SAW are all qualified, and the joints hardness is all less than HV 355, but hardness of CWW CO2 gas shielded welding wire welding joint near the fusion line is obviously lower. It can be concluded that the properties of CWW CO2 gas shielded welding are better than those of the SAW joint, and CWW CO2 gas shielded welding is suitable for welding high strength steel A36 used in ship structure.     

1000MPa级超高强钢的SH-CCT曲线及其热影响区的组织和性能简

 采用热膨胀法结合显微金相与硬度检测,在热模拟试验机上测定了1000MPa级低碳微合金高强钢焊接过程中的临界点Ac1和Ac3,绘制出该钢在不同冷却速率下的焊接连续冷却转变曲线(SH-CCT曲线),研究了冷却速率对焊接热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)组织和硬度的影响规律,揭示了不同冷却速率下焊接热影响区的相变过程及组织特征,同时获得了奥氏体晶粒平均尺寸随t8/5的变化关系。研究结果表明,在焊接条件下,该钢的奥氏体化温度要比平衡状态下的奥氏体化温度显著升高;该钢在相当宽的冷却速率范围内发生中温转变,获得贝氏体组织;在较快的冷却速率(≥40℃/s)下,焊接热影响区组织以马氏体为主;随着冷却时间t8/5的增加,硬度逐渐下降,最高硬度HV10为425。在试验条件下,奥氏体晶粒粗化程度并不显著。     

Q420GJ钢双丝埋弧焊接试验

通过双丝埋弧焊接工艺性能试验、焊接接头力学性能试验及组织结构分析等,对Q420GJ钢的焊接性能及相关组织结构进行了研究。结果表明:焊接接头综合力学性能优良,接头抗拉强度达到590MPa,焊缝-40℃冲击功平均值KV2达到119J;热影响区的韧脆转变温度在-30℃附近;焊接接头过热区组织为贝氏体,焊缝中含有较多的针状铁素体。     

Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of X90 Pipeline Steel: Effect of Laser Power on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

In this work, hybrid laser-arc welding process was applied to X90 pipeline steel which has wide potential applications in the future pipeline project. The effect of different laser power (1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 kW) on microstructure and mechanical properties of weld joints was investigated. It has been found that a macroscopic morphology of “wine cup like” is observed in the weld joint with increasing laser power, where fusion zone (FZ) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) can be clearly identified. The FZ microstructure mainly includes massive ferrite, acicular ferrite (AF), and increased laser power resulting in a decrease in AF content. The HAZ consists of coarse-grained HAZ (CGHAZ), fine-grained HAZ (FGHAZ) and mixed-grained HAZ (MGHAZ). The hardness ranging from the weld center to base metal decreases and then increases, and the effect of laser power on hardness is not significant. The increased laser power leads to an evident decrease in the ultimate tensile strength and impact toughness of weld joint. The highest ultimate tensile strength and impact energy are 815 MPa, 239.1 J respectively at a laser power of 1.0 kW. A number of inclusions are observed at the bottom of dimples, which may be the (Ti,Mn)₂O₃ particles.     

镍基高温合金液相扩散焊接头组织及性能

镍基高温合金GH4413在高温下具有较为优异的高温持久强度和抗蠕变性能,在航空发动机和各种工业燃气轮机中得到广泛应用。以BNi 2作为填充合金材料使用液相扩散焊对GH4413合金进行了连接,研究了在焊接温度分别为1 030和1 080 ℃、保温时间分别为30和60 min等不同焊接参数下GH4413镍基高温合金的接头微观组织、成分分布和显微硬度。扫描电镜(SEM)以及能谱分析结果表明,当焊接温度为1 080 ℃、保温时间为60 min 时,钎缝组织中形成了性能良好的固溶体,且随着焊接温度的升高和保温时间的延长,钎缝的宽度增加,钎料元素向母材中的扩散深度逐渐增加,在母材近缝区形成了金属间化合物。