高毛细效率纯铜毛细芯制备工艺研究

为了有效提升纯铜毛细芯的毛细效率和传热极限，利用粉末冶金方法制备高毛细效率毛细芯。以氧化亚铜粉末为铜源在不同温度还原制成铜粉，研究了还原温度对铜粉性能的影响。铜粉经模压、烧结制备出了毛细芯，研究了不同还原铜粉、生坯孔隙率、烧结温度等因素对毛细芯孔隙率、最大孔径和渗透率等多孔性能的影响，并观察了还原铜粉和毛细芯的表面显微形貌。结果表明，600～850℃还原温度区间内，随着还原温度提高，铜粉粒度增大，粒度分布宽化，松装密度随之增加；在相同烧结条件下，毛细芯烧结后的最大孔径相比生坯有所增大，毛细芯的最大孔径及孔隙率随着还原铜粉粒度增大和生坯孔隙率(40%～55%区间内)增加而增加，在孔隙率和最大孔径同步增大的耦合作用下渗透率相应增大；600～800℃区间内，提高烧结温度导致烧结毛细芯的最大孔径增大、渗透率增加而孔隙率减小；采用600℃还原所制备的<28μm铜粉在700℃烧结，获得最大孔径2.4μm，孔隙率51.5%，渗透率1.353×10^-13 m²的高毛细效率纯铜毛细芯。     

印刷工艺制备毛细芯的孔隙结构与性能

以平均粒径为55～112μm的电解树枝状铜粉为原料、用尿素作为造孔剂,添加有机成分黏结剂、溶剂等有机物制备成浆料,采用印刷工艺制备毛细芯生坯,然后脱脂烧结制备厚度为(0.2±0.02) mm的毛细芯,研究铜粉粒径、尿素的加入和浆料有机成分对毛细芯孔隙结构和毛细性能的影响。结果表明,造孔剂尿素的加入可提高毛细芯结构的孔隙率、平均孔径和渗透率,降低毛细力和分形维数。随铜粉粒径从112μm减小到55μm,毛细芯的孔隙率、平均孔径、孔隙的平均面积和平均周长、分形维数等孔结构参数、以及毛细芯的渗透率和毛细特性参数均下降,分形维数由1.39下降至1.20,但毛细力上升。分形维数与渗透率相关,随渗透率下降,分形维数逐渐减小;毛细特性参数与渗透率成正比,与毛细力成反比。用112μm铜粉制备的毛细芯性能最优,其渗透率(K)为2.02×10^-10 m²,毛细力(ΔP_c)为1.29 kPa,毛细特性参数(ΔP_c·K)达到2.61×10^-7 N。     

烧结工艺对环路热管用Ni多孔毛细芯性能的影响

以羰基镍粉为原料,采用粉末冶金法制备热管用Ni多孔毛细芯,研究装料密度、烧结温度、烧结时间等对毛细芯的孔隙率、平均孔径、微观形貌、渗透率及毛细压力的影响规律。结果表明:在烧结温度为750~800℃,烧结时间为30~45 min,装料密度为0.9~1.0 g/cm3条件下烧结,获得的毛细芯具有良好的综合性能,孔隙率为55%~64%,渗透率为1.2~1.7×10-13 m2,毛细压力为200~240 kPa,满足环路热管用毛细芯的性能要求。     

基于大气等离子喷涂的镍铬基粉末制备及其涂层组织结构

以高能球磨后的镍基合金、银、氟化物共晶复合粉末为原料,采用喷雾干燥和烧结技术制备了粒径为20～110μm的热喷涂喂料,利用等离子喷涂技术制备了镍基复合涂层。分析了喂料粒子物理性能及涂层的微观组织结构。结果表明:造粒后的粉末球形度较好,流动性大为提高。造粒烧结处理过程中,随着温度增加,粉末的流动性和松装密度均提高。经800℃热处理烧结后形貌圆整光滑,密实,平均粒径为32.92μm,松装密度为1.37g/cm~3,流动性为12.18s/50g,适合用作热喷涂喂料。制备的涂层为典型的层状结构,厚度约为320μm。涂层总体比较致密,局部存在孔洞,涂层孔隙率约3.6%。所含物相为NiCr、Ni_3Al、NiAl、Ag,BaF_2、CaF_2等相,喷涂过程中未见新物相生成。     

粉末粒径和烧结温度对K418高温合金多孔材料显微结构及性能影响

以气雾化K418镍基高温合金球形粉末为原料，经过粉末松装烧结制备出高温合金多孔材料。通过对多孔材料微观结构、渗透性能、毛细性能及压缩强度进行表征，研究了原始粉末粒径和烧结温度对多孔吸液芯样品显微结构及性能的影响。结果表明，随烧结温度增加，样品的平均孔径和孔隙率减小；在相同烧结温度下，随着原始粉末粒径增加，样品的平均孔径和孔隙率增大。在烧结温度为1230℃，粉末粒径为53～150μm的条件下，多孔材料样品综合性能最优，渗透率为13.69×10-15 m2，毛细压力为22.1 kPa，压缩强度为86 MPa。     

粉末形状与松装密度对不锈钢烧结多孔材料制备工艺及其性能的影响

通过选用气雾化及水雾化两种工艺方法制备的不锈钢粉末来制取粉末烧结多孔材料。探讨了粉末形状及松装密度对不锈钢粉末烧结多孔材料制造工艺中的成形压力和烧结温度等工艺参数的影响;研究了原料粉末松装密度对不锈钢粉末烧结多孔材料的透气性、拉伸强度的影响。结果表明:成形压力、烧结温度和制品的透气性受粉末松装密度影响显著。粒度范围为0.18～0.90mm时,气雾化粉末的成形压力比水雾化粉末要高近1倍;当粉末的粒度相同时,采用松装密度大的球形粉末所需的烧结温度比松装密度小的不规则粉末的高60～70℃;粒度为0.45～0.60mm时,选用松装密度为4.13 g/cm3粉末所制备的多孔制品的透气性为3.16×10-10m2,而选用松装密度为2.67 g/cm3的粉末所制备的多孔制品的透气性仅为8.8×10-11m2。不锈钢多孔材料的强度受原料粉末的松装密度影响显著;粒度相同,制备工艺相同时,采用较低松装密度的粉末的制品,能够得到较高的强度。     

钒钛专利

正专利名称:用于激光3D打印的球形TC4钛合金粉末及其制备方法专利申请号:201610025205.4专利公开号:CN105642879A申请日:2016-01-14公开日:2016-06-08申请人:鞍山东大激光科技有限公司一种用于激光3D打印的球形TC4钛合金粉末及其制备方法,钛合金粉末颗粒为球形形貌,粒径为1~180μm,含氧量为0.09~0.14%,松装密度2.587~2.656g/cm3,50 g粒径为54~150μm的粉末的流动性为20.0~30.0 s;粒径1~54μm的粉末可用于铺粉法激光3D打印,粒径为54~150μm的粉末可用于送粉激光3D     

专利信息

<正>一种提高铜铅合金粉末烧结的铜铅合金金相组织的方法所述铜铅合金粉末的粒度组成是:-100~+150目(100~150μm)的粉末质量分数为0~0.2%;-150~+250目(58~100μm)的粉末质量分数为15.0%~18.0%;-250~-325目(45~58μm)的粉末质量分数为32.0%~35.0%;-325~+400目(38~45μm)的粉末质量分数为20.0%~24.0%;-400目(小于38μm)的粉末质量分数为22.8%~33.0%。本发明还公开了一种提高铜铅合金粉末烧结的铜铅合金金相组织金相等级的方法。可以提高粉末烧结铜铅合金滑动轴承材料的合金组织的     

雾化压力对电极感应熔炼气雾化TC4粉末形貌与性能的影响

采用电极感应熔炼气雾化工艺,在3.5~7.0 MPa压力下制备高品质球形TC4合金粉末,利用激光粒度仪、扫描电镜、霍尔流速计、真实密度仪等,研究雾化压力对粒度53μm的细粉收得率、平均粒径、微观形貌、空心粉以及松装密度和流动性的影响。结果表明:在3.5~6.0 MPa压力范围内,随雾化压力增大,粉末的平均粒径逐渐减小,细粉收得率增加。当雾化压力为3.5 MPa时,粉末球形度较好,卫星球较少,平均粒径为69.4μm,细粉收率为23.0%,相对密度为99.1%,松装密度为2.40 g/cm~3,流动性为22.4 s/50 g。当雾化压力提高到6.0 MPa时,TC4合金粉末的平均粒径为48.6μm,细粉收得率为40.8%。进一步增大雾化压力时,粉末的平均粒径反而变大,细粉收得率降低,卫星球颗粒逐渐增多,球形度变差。粉末松装密度和流动性都随雾化压力增大而降低。     

EIGA雾化法制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末工艺研究

采用电极感应熔炼气雾化法(EIGA)制备激光3D打印用TC4合金粉末(15～45μm)。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪(LPS)、粉体特性综合测试仪等设备,对粉末的形貌、物相组成、粒度分布、松装密度及流动性进行表征,同时研究了雾化气体压力和熔体温度对激光3D打印TC4合金粉末收得率影响。结果表明:采用EIGA制备得到TC4合金粉末形貌为近规则球形,粉末表面存在少量"卫星球",粉末由α′-Ti相组成。TC4合金粉末收得率随着雾化气体压力和熔体温度的升高先增加后减小。最佳雾化工艺参数为:雾化气体压力5 MPa,熔体温度1 800℃,此条件下平均粒径D_(50)为81.2μm,15～45μmTC4钛合金粉末收得率为22.3%,流动性为42.5 s,松装密度为2.83 g/cm~3,氧含量1 260×10~(-6),符合激光3D打印用TC4钛合金粉末特征要求。     

烧结温度对高速压制制备弥散强化铜材料导电率的影响

弥散强化铜材料具有高强度和高导电性的特性,孔洞是影响导电率的重要因素.本文采用高速压制成形技术,对Al₂O₃质量分数为0.9%的弥散强化铜粉压制成形,研究了压制速度对生坯的影响.当压制速度为9.4 m·s-1时得到密度为8.46 g·cm-3的生坯.研究了烧结温度对烧结所得Al₂O₃弥散强化铜试样导电率的影响.当生坯密度相同时,烧结温度越高,所得试样的导电率也越高.断口与金相分析表明:烧结温度为950℃时,烧结不充分,颗粒边界以及孔洞多而明显,孔洞形状不规则;烧结温度为1080℃时,颗粒边界消失,孔洞圆化,韧窝出现,烧结坯的电导率为71.3%IACS.      

放电等离子烧结制备超细晶WC-3Co硬质合金的组织和性能

采用高能球磨制备纳米WC-3Co粉末,再通过放电等离子烧结(spark plasma sintering,SPS)制备超细晶WC-3Co硬质合金。研究SPS工艺参数对合金致密度、显微组织和力学性能的影响,并对SPS和热压工艺(hotpressing,HP)进行对比。结果表明:SPS可实现WC-3Co粉末的低温快速致密化。升高温度或提高压力都使得合金的致密度提高,同时导致WC晶粒长大。SPS较HP升温速率快且烧结时间更短,合金组织更加均匀,在1 300℃保温5 min、烧结压力为40 MPa的条件下所制备的合金具有最佳综合性能,其平均晶粒度为0.32μm,相对密度、硬度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性分别为99.3%、2257 HV30、1 906 MPa、10.36 MPa.m1/2。而在1 450℃、压力为50 MPa、保压5 min条件下,热压合金的致密度、硬度和断裂韧性分别为99.6%、2 264 HV30和11.01 MPa.m1/2,但抗弯强度只有1 301 MPa,平均晶粒度为0.47μm。     

THE PROPERTIES OF POROUS NICKEL PRODUCED BY PRESSING AND SINTERING

Abstract

The effects of compacting pressure and of sintering temperature and time on the properties of porous sintered nickel compacts have been studied, using three carbonyl and two reduced nickel powders. For all five powders, the density of the green compacts and the porosity of the sintered compacts were linearly related to the log compacting pressure. Similar relationships with pressure were observed for strength and electrical conductivity.

Photomicrographs of sections through the sintered compacts made from the reduced nickel powders show that there are pores in two different size ranges, originating from the porosity between the original powder particles and the pores within the particles. It is concluded that sintered compacts from all five powders containing 40–50% porosity have adequate strength and conductivity for use in fuel-cell electrodes.     

Comparison of sintering of titanium and titanium hydride powders

Abstract

The cold compaction and vacuum sintering behaviour of a Ti powder and a Ti hydride powder were compared. Master sintering curve models were developed for both powders. Die ejection force, green strength and green porosity were lower for hydride powder than for Ti powder, all probably resulting from reduced cold welding and friction during compaction. For sintering temperatures above ～1000°C, most of the difference in the sintered density of Ti and hydride is explained by assuming equal densification, while taking into account the lower green porosity of compacts made from hydride powder. However, there is evidence that particle fracture during compaction also contributes to increased sintered density for hydride powder. The Ti powder conformed to a master sintering curve model with apparent activation energy of 160 kJ mol^?. The activation energy for Ti hydride also appeared to be about 160 kJ mol^?, but the model did not fit the experimental data well.     

The effect of tungsten particle size on the processing and properties of infiltrated W-Cu compacts

Three tungsten powders with average particle sizes of 8.7, 23.2, and 65.2 μm were used to make W-15Cu compacts. The compacting pressure and sintering temperature were adjusted for each powder to attain the desired skeleton density. Sintered skeletons were then infiltrated with oxygen-free copper at 1200 °C in hydrogen and in vacuum. Results showed that as the tungsten particle size decreased, higher compacting pressures and sintering temperatures were required for the same desired skeleton density. The processing parameters and the tungsten particle size caused variations in the amount of closed pores and the W-W contiguity, which in turn resulted in different infiltrated densities and resistivities. Direct infiltration on green compacts was also examined, and higher infiltration densities and lower electrical resistivities were obtained compared to those obtained by infiltrating sintered compacts. These results are discussed based on infiltrated density, differences in microstructure, and the W-W contiguity.     

Preparation and printability of 24CrNiMo alloy steel powder for selective laser melting fabricating brake disc

Spherical 24CrNiMo alloy steel powder used for selective laser melting (SLM) fabricating high-speed train brake disc was prepared by the vacuum induction melting gas atomisation (VIGA) method. Powder morphology, particle size, flowability and microstructure were measured. Part properties fabricated by SLM were investigated via some modern analysis method. The experimental results showed that powder mean particle size D₅₀ was 75?μm, flowability was 16.69?s/50?g and apparent density was 4.71?g?cm^?3. 24CrNiMo alloy steel specimen microstructures prepared by SLM consisted of proeutectoid ferrite and granular bainite. Average microhardness was 346?HV, tensile strength was 1223?MPa, extensibility was 13.1% and the product of strength and elongation was 16.1?GPa%. 24CrNiMo alloy steel powder prepared by the VIGA method had good laser printability and huge potential application value for SLM-fabricated brake disc.     

Effect of atomisation medium on sintering properties of austenitic stainless steel by eliminating influence of particle shape and particle size

Abstract

Gas and water atomised 316L stainless steel powders with similar powder morphology and particle size were injection moulded and sintered. The results show that compacts prepared from the gas atomised powder exhibit higher density and tensile strength, whereas those prepared from the water atomised powder exhibit higher elongation, finer grain size and superior corrosion resistance. Chemical analysis shows that the water atomised powder has a higher Si and O content, and microstructural analysis of the sintered compacts reveals that SiO₂ particles disperse as a second phase in the compacts prepared from the atomised powder, which accounts for the property behaviour. Due to the presence of SiO₂, the porosity increases, whereas the pore coarsening and grain growth are inhibited. Besides, SiO₂ particles can also improve the passivation effect of stainless steel, and hence increase the corrosion resistance.     

钼粉物理性能对其压坯挠曲强度的影响

钼压坯的挠曲强度是衡量钼粉质量的重要指标之一。通过对钼粉的粒度分布、费氏粒度、松装密度、振实密度以及颗粒形貌等对钼压坯挠曲强度的影响研究,探讨其相互关系,有利于产品质量管理前置。研究结果表明,钼压坯的挠曲强度值的大小取决于钼粉的颗粒团聚状况和粒度分布;钼粉的松装密度和振实密度越大,钼粉中小颗粒聚集和颗粒熔融形成的"硬"团聚越少,粒度分布越接近标准正态分布,所得压坯的挠曲强度值则高。