Ti(C_(0.7)N_(0.3))对(Ti,W,Ta)C-Mo-Ni系金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响

以(Ti,W,Ta)C和Ti(C_(0.7)N_(0.3))固溶体颗粒共同作为硬质相原料,采用粉末冶金工艺制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料,研究Ti(C_(0.7)N_(0.3))添加量对(Ti,W,Ta)C-Mo-Ni系金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响。结果表明,(Ti,W,Ta)C-Mo-Ni系金属陶瓷由黑芯–灰环结构和白芯–灰环结构的2种硬质相和粘结相构成,黑芯相为Ti(C_(0.7)N_(0.3))颗粒,白芯相为(Ti,W,Ta)C颗粒。随Ti(C_(0.7)N_(0.3))添加量增加,黑芯–灰环结构增多,环形相变薄。Ti(C_(0.7)N_(0.3))固溶体的加入对(Ti,W,Ta)C-Mo-Ni系金属陶瓷硬度的影响很小,而抗弯强度随Ti(C_(0.7)N_(0.3))增加呈先升高后降低趋势。当Ti(C_(0.7)N_(0.3))添加量(质量分数)为40%时,金属陶瓷的力学性能最优,硬度(HRA)为90.3,抗弯强度为1 748 MPa。     

(Ti,M)(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织与力学性能的研究进展

(Ti,M)(C,N)基金属陶瓷是重要的刀具及涂层材料。综述了国内外(Ti,M)(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织和力学性能的研究进展,对(Ti,M)(C,N)基金属陶瓷的黑芯—白内环—灰外环和白芯—灰环显微组织结构特征进行了阐述。系统综述了TiC/TiN含量、Co、Ni粘结相含量、Mo、WC、VC、Cr_3C_2、TaC、NbC添加剂成分对(Ti,M)(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织和力学性能的影响,并指出接下来的深入研究方向。结果表明:(Ti,M)(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织中芯—环相结构的形成受到原始粉体粒度的影响,当碳化物原始粉体为微米级时形成黑芯—白内环—灰外环结构;当碳化物原始粉体尺寸为亚微米及纳米时形成白芯—灰环结构。金属和陶瓷性能优势的结合依赖于显微组织的调控。多组元添加剂制备的复式(Ti,M)(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织中环相和芯相界面能的匹配、硬质相晶粒尺寸分布及取向分布等机理研究有待进一步深入。     

双芯环结构Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷材料的制备与性能研究

采用固相化学反应与碳热还原氮化相结合的方法, 将W、Mo、Ta等重金属元素与(C, N)复合, 制备得到(W, Mo, Ta)(C, N)粉末, 并利用高能球磨机与Ti(C, N)基体进行混合, 再经压制成型、低压烧结制备出具有双芯环结构的Ti(C, N)基金属陶瓷。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜分析双芯环结构对Ti(C, N)基金属陶瓷微观形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明, 在高温烧结过程中, 通过Ostwald溶解–析出机制所形成的双芯环结构可以阻止裂纹扩展, 达到增韧效果; 结果说明, 可通过优化Ti(C, N)基金属陶瓷材料的芯环结构, 达到增加金属陶瓷材料韧性的目的。     

Mo含量对(Ti,W,Ta)C-Ni系金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响

以(Ti,W,Ta)C固溶体粉末、金属Mo粉和Ni粉为原料,采用真空液相烧结法制备(Ti,W,Ta)C-x Mo-1%Ni金属陶瓷(x为质量分数,x=0~20%),研究Mo含量对(Ti,W,Ta)C-Ni系金属陶瓷的显微组织、物相组成、致密度和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随Mo含量增加,金属陶瓷的组织逐渐细化;Mo对(Ti,W,Ta)C-Ni系金属陶瓷的致密化具有较强的促进作用,使得金属陶瓷的烧结收缩率增加,孔隙减少;随Mo含量增加,(Ti,W,Ta)C-Ni系金属陶瓷的硬度提高,而抗弯强度先升高后降低。当Mo含量为15%时,(Ti,W,Ta)C-Ni系金属陶瓷的力学性能最优,硬度HRA和抗弯强度分别为90.2和1 661 MPa。     

成型压力对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织结构和力学性能的影响

以Ti(C,N)为基体硬质相,Ni和Co为金属黏结相,WC、Mo₂C和TaC为第二相碳化物,借助真空热压烧结技术制备了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,探究了成型压力对金属陶瓷物相组成、微观形貌和成分、相对致密度、显微硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度的影响.研究结果表明：成型压力并未改变金属陶瓷的物相组成,所有试样均展现出典型的芯-环结构;无压成型烧结制备出的金属陶瓷不仅具有典型的黑芯-灰白双环结构,还呈现另一种白芯灰环结构.同时,金属陶瓷的晶粒度得到了细化.力学性能测试结果表明：成型压力达到8 MPa,金属陶瓷的相对致密度、显微硬度、断裂韧性和抗弯强度达到最大值,分别为99.1%,19.39 GPa, 7.84 MPa·m^1/2和1 488 MPa.金属陶瓷的断裂模式主要为沿晶断裂,并呈现较多的韧窝和撕裂棱.     

Mo添加剂对(Ti,V,Mo)C基金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响

结合BSE显微组织观察和EDS能谱分析、IPP统计分析、XRD物相检测和密度、硬度、抗弯强度测试,研究了不同烧结温度和Mo添加量对(Ti,V,Mo)C基金属陶瓷显微组织和力学性能的影响。研究表明:(Ti,V,Mo)C基金属陶瓷的显微组织中黑色芯相和灰色相共同构成硬质相,Mo添加剂主要作用于硬质相形成碳化物固溶体。随着烧结温度的升高,黑色芯相比例降低,灰色相区粗化明显,抗弯强度下降。当烧结温度为1 400℃,Mo添加量为6%时,(Ti,V,Mo)C基金属陶瓷的综合性能较佳。     

原料中C/N原子比对TiCN基金属陶瓷组织结构和性能的影响

分别以Ti(C_(0.4),N_(0.6)),Ti(C_(0.5),N_(0.5))和Ti(C_(0.7),N_(0.3))等3种TiCN粉末为原料,制备TiCN-25WC-10TaC-2Mo_2C-7Ni-7Co金属陶瓷,研究TiCN原料中C/N原子比对TiCN基金属陶瓷组织结构、硬度、抗弯强度、韧性、磁学性能以及耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,以Ti(C_(0.4),N_(0.6))为原料制备的TiCN基金属陶瓷中出现M_6C型脱碳相(η相),导致材料的抗弯强度和韧性显著降低。以Ti(C_(0.7),N_(0.3))为原料制备的金属陶瓷为典型的弱芯环结构,具有最佳的力学性能,硬度(HV30)、抗弯强度和Palmqvist韧性分别为15.61 GPa,2 294 MPa和11.29 MN·m~(-3/2)。随TiCN原料中C/N原子比降低,金属陶瓷的矫顽磁力和相对磁饱和均大幅降低。在pH=1的H_2SO_4溶液中的电化学腐蚀实验结果表明,采用Ti(C_(0.4),N_(0.6))和Ti(C_(0.5),N_(0.5))原料制备的金属陶瓷的耐腐蚀性能相近,采用Ti(C_(0.7),N_(0.3))原料制备的金属陶瓷的耐腐蚀性能显著降低。     

用固溶体和单组元为原料制备的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的组织与性能

分别采用固溶体型TiC0.7N0.3和间隙相型单组元TiC、TiN为原料,制备TiC0.7N0.3-10WC-4Mo2C-3TaC-2.4Cr3C2-10Ni-10Co和TiC-10TiN-10WC-4Mo2C-3TaC-2.4Cr3C2-10Ni–10Co 2种Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,观察与分析这2种金属陶瓷的微观组织结构和力学性能。结果表明,尽管这2种金属陶瓷的硬质相与粘结相中化学组元的相对含量存在差异,但具有相同的物相成分,其中硬质相为含Ti、W、Mo、Ta、Cr的立方结构碳氮化物。与单组元原料相比,用固溶体型原料制备的金属陶瓷的微观组织结构均匀,硬质相的晶粒相对细小、芯–环结构完整、环部厚度适中,粘结相中Ti和Ta的含量与固溶度都较低,综合力学性能显著提高。从反应烧结过程中粘结相"触媒–联动"效应与反应扩散有序度的角度对这2种金属陶瓷的微观组织结构与性能的差异进行解释。     

WC含量对TiCN-HfN金属陶瓷刀具材料微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用热压烧结技术制备了TiCN-HfN-WC金属陶瓷刀具材料, 研究了WC含量(质量分数)对金属陶瓷刀具材料微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明: TiCN-HfN-32%WC金属陶瓷刀具材料由TiCN、(Ti, Hf, W)(C, N)、WC和MoNi组成, 材料中还含有极少量的(Ti, Mo, W)(C, N)固溶体, 材料内部形成了网状骨架结构。随着添加WC质量分数的增加, 材料中晶粒粒度降低, 添加WC可抑制材料中TiCN晶粒的生长, 起到细化TiCN晶粒的作用; 材料的相对密度、硬度和断裂韧度都具有先增大后减小的变化趋势, 材料的抗弯强度逐渐增大。当WC质量分数为32%时, 材料具有相对较好的综合力学性能, 其硬度为20.2GPa, 断裂韧度为7.1MPa·m1/2, 抗弯强度为1581.3MPa。     

氮化硼含量对低压烧结制备Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过低压烧结制备了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,研究了氮化硼(BN)含量对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,烧结后的金属陶瓷微观组织呈现出典型的芯环结构.随着BN含量的增加,Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷的黑色芯相尺寸减小,白芯灰环结构数量增加,整体微观组织随BN的添加更加均匀.另外,随着BN含量的...     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.