不同粒径钢渣对混凝土抗压强度的影响

采用细磨钢渣粉、砂状钢渣、石状钢渣分别等量替代混凝土中的水泥、细集料、粗集料配制钢渣混凝土,研究其对混凝土7d、28d抗压强度的影响,并分析了其影响机理。试验结果表明:水灰比为0.30时,细磨钢渣粉对混凝土7d抗压强度表现出明显的减弱效应,而砂状钢渣、石状钢渣则有利于混凝土7d抗压强度的发展。另外,细磨钢渣粉、砂状钢渣、石状钢渣在混凝土中存在最优掺量分别为10%、30%、30%。     

磨细钢渣对混凝土力学性能和耐久性影响的研究

基于钢渣的活性效应和微集料效应研究了不同掺量钢渣对混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度的影响,通过加速碳化试验和抗冻性试验探究了钢渣混凝土的抗碳化性能和抗冻性.采用X-CT技术探究了钢渣混凝土内部的孔结构.结果表明:掺加10%钢渣混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度最大,掺加30%钢渣混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度最小.当碳化到56 d时,掺加30%钢渣的混凝土的碳化深度已达12.5 mm;冻融循环到180 d,掺加30%钢渣混凝土的相对动弹性模量降至88.7%.     

掺粉煤灰和石灰粉影响再生细集料混凝土抗压强度的试验研究

单掺粉煤灰时,随着掺量的变大,再生细集料混凝土的抗压强度是先增大后减小,粉煤灰掺量为20%时,再生细集料混凝土强度最大。双掺粉煤灰和石灰粉时,再生细集料混凝土早强增长较快,而后期强度则是随石灰粉掺量的增加是先增加后减小,石灰粉掺量为4%时,再生细集料混凝土的抗压强度最大。     

大比例热焖钢渣水泥混凝土基本力学性能研究

本文针对热焖法处理的废弃钢渣等体积替代混凝土中粗、细集料的钢渣混凝土的基本力学性能进行了试验研究,并与同强度等级的普通混凝土力学性能进行对比。试验结果表明:钢渣、钢渣砂作为混凝土粗集料,细集料会增强混凝土的抗压强度和抗折强度,钢渣替代比例越大,抗压抗折强度越大;钢渣砂替代比例越大,抗折强度越大,抗压强度先增加后降低,钢渣砂替代普通混凝土中细集料的比例应控制在50%以内。钢渣100%替代混凝土集料时可以得到强度高的钢渣混凝土,钢渣具有良好的路用基本力学性能。     

粉煤灰掺量对高性能混凝土徐变性能的影响及其机理

为研究粉煤灰对高性能混凝土徐变性能的影响,在(20±1)℃、相对湿度为(60±5)%的条件下测试了33%载荷水平下粉煤灰等量取代水泥量(质量分数,下同)为0,12%,30%和50%时高性能混凝土的徐变度.试验结果表明:粉煤灰掺量为12%和30%时,混凝土抵抗徐变的能力随其掺量增加而增强,其365 d的徐变度分别为不掺粉煤灰混凝土的76%和46.5%.粉煤灰掺量为50%时,混凝土抵抗徐变的能力没有得到改善,其365 d的徐变度为不掺粉煤灰的混凝土的102%.应用扫描电镜二次电子成像观测不同掺量下的粉煤灰颗粒与基体的结合情况,并结合水泥-粉煤灰体系中非蒸发水量的研究,试分析了粉煤灰掺量对高性能混凝土徐变的影响机理.结果表明:粉煤灰掺量对于其"微集料效应"的发挥存在一临界值,当粉煤灰掺量小于该临界值时,粉煤灰与基体结合良好,"微集料效应"得以正常发挥.混凝土的徐变度受到体系的非蒸发水量和"微集料效应"发挥程度的影响.粉煤灰掺量越大,体系的非蒸发水量越小,"微集料效应"发挥程度越高,徐变度减小越明显,并且混凝土的徐变度减小率与体系的非蒸发水量减小率和微集料数量正相关.当粉煤灰掺量超过临界值时,混凝土的徐变性能受到体系水化产物数量、"微集料效应"和粉煤灰与基体结合情况这3个因素的共同作用,并且随着粉煤灰掺量的继续增加,其与基体结合情况对混凝土徐变性能的负面影响显著增强.     

复合橡胶颗粒用于混凝土的改性测试研究

为有效利用资源、增强混凝土的抗冲磨性能，对橡胶颗粒采用5%NaOH改性和5%NaOH+1%KH560复合改性，并以不同橡胶掺量制备了C40改性橡胶混凝土，研究其力学和抗冲磨性能。结果表明：5%NaOH+1%KH560无机加有机复合改性方式的改性效果较优，当掺入20%复合改性橡胶颗粒时，混凝土的抗冲磨强度为20.84 h/(kg·m²),增幅达到250%,磨损率为1.5%,降幅达到71.7%,材料的抗冲磨性能最好，试验确定掺入8%复合改性橡胶颗粒最佳。此时，混凝土的抗压、抗折强度、劈裂抗拉强度分别为43.2、3.81、2.09 MPa,抗冲磨强度和磨损率分别为10.77 h/(kg·m²)、2.8%,材料具备良好的力学和抗冲磨性能，制备的5%NaOH+1%KH560复合改性橡胶混凝土，综合性能良好。     

钢渣原材料配制混凝土的试验研究与可行性分析

通过将钢渣部分替代混凝土掺合料及粗、细集料,试验研究了钢渣原材料对混凝土性能的影响,确定了钢渣用于混凝土的合理掺量,并从安定性与经济性的角度分析了其应用于混凝土的可行性。试验结果表明:钢渣微粉会对混凝土力学性能和耐久性产生不利影响,掺量不应超过20%,钢渣石会增加混凝土,钢渣砂对混凝土工作性影响较大;复掺时的最佳比例为钢渣微粉代20%矿粉,钢渣砂代40%中砂,钢渣石代20%碎石。综合分析表明,用钢渣作为原材料配制混凝土是可行的,且具有明显的经济效益。     

宝钢转炉滚筒渣在C30道路混凝土工程中的应用

宝钢转炉滚筒渣具有粒度均匀、强度高、密度大、针片状颗粒含量少等特点,适用于道路混凝土工程。针对C30道路混凝土工程,通过转炉滚筒渣集料的安定性分析以及配合比设计,配制出综合性能良好的C30混凝土,其中钢渣代碎石25%以上、钢渣代砂45%以上。掺加钢渣集料的C30混凝土力学性能优于普通混凝土,抗折强度有明显提高。通过微观分析发现,掺入钢渣集料后,混凝土孔隙、界面结构得到改善,有利于混凝土力学性能的提高。在宝钢内河码头道路工程中应用掺入钢渣的C30混凝土,对比普通C30混凝土,在冬季施工时,28d抗压强度提高8.5%,28d抗折强度提高17.9%;在春季施工时,掺入钢渣的C30混凝土抗压强度达到设计值的115%-144%。试点工程证明,一定掺量的宝钢转炉滚筒渣可以替代部分砂石配制混凝土应用于道路工程。     

钢渣微粉与矿渣粉对混凝土性能及水化机理的影响研究

在混凝土中分别单掺钢渣微粉、复掺钢渣微粉和矿渣粉,研究了其对混凝土工作性能、力学性能的影响,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等现代测试手段分析了其对水泥水化影响的机理。实验确定了钢渣微粉、矿渣粉用做混凝土掺合料的最佳掺量:单掺钢渣微粉,其掺量不宜超过15%;钢渣微粉与矿渣粉具有很好的"互补效应",当两者在胶凝材料中的总掺量达到30%,其中钢渣微粉掺量为15%时,能表现出较好的后期强度。     

蒸养纤维掺杂高铁低钙水泥混凝土的抗海水冲磨性能研究

针对目前海工混凝土普遍存在的抗冲磨性能不足的问题,鉴于铁相含量高的水泥耐磨性能好的优点,提出高铁低钙水泥混凝土(C3S≤50％,C4AF≥18％),并研究了纤维种类及掺量、蒸汽养护对其力学性能及抗冲磨性能的影响以期进一步提升海工混凝土的耐磨性能.研究表明,PVA纤维混凝土的抗压强度和抗冲磨强度最优,与水泥浆体结合最好.PVA体积掺量为0.1％的高铁低钙水泥混凝土抗冲磨强度较对照组强度提高了28.0％.同时,讨论了70℃蒸养对各组试件抗压强度与抗冲磨性能的影响,结果表明,蒸养明显提高了各试件的早期强度,但蒸养条件下高铁低钙水泥混凝土的抗冲磨强度较普通混凝土略为降低,这说明蒸养制度对高铁低钙水泥混凝土较为不利.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。