层状可加工陶瓷Ti3SiC2自蔓延高温合成反应机理的研究

采用燃烧波淬熄法,以Ti粉、Si粉和C粉为原料研究了层状可加工陶瓷Ti3SiC2在自蔓延高温合成(SHS)中的反应机理.淬熄试样中保留未反应区、反应区和已反应区,用扫描电子显微镜观察燃烧反应中显微组织的转变过程,用能谱仪分析各微区的成分变化,并通过差热分析(DSC-TGA)和XRD分析考察了从600℃到1500℃ Ti-C-Si系统的反应合成过程和相形成规律.结果表明:层状可加工陶瓷Ti3SiC2自蔓延高温合成的机理为溶解-析出机制,Ti粉与Si粉的固态扩散导致低熔点Ti-Si溶液形成,Ti、Si、C粉粒逐渐向Ti-Si溶液中溶解,当溶液中的Ti、Si、C浓度饱和时,从中析出TiC、SiC颗粒,最后形成最终产物Ti3SiC2.     

Ti-W-C体系的自蔓延高温合成与反应机理

研究了Ti-W-C体系自蔓延高温合成(SHS)的燃烧温度和燃烧速度与W含量、Ti粉粒度及预热温度的关系。分析了不同W含量和预热温度时SHS产物的相组成,并对体系的SHS反应机理进行了研究。结果表明:W/(Ti+W)≤ 0.3时,基本能合成单相(W/Ti)C;而预热可促进(W,Ti) C的SHS合成;体系的SHS反应过程中存在两种反应机制,即溶解-析出机制和扩散-固溶机制     

自蔓延高温合成铝碳氮材料

采用Al粉和CNx前驱体粉末为原料,通过自蔓延高温合成技术,制备铝碳氮材料。利用燃烧波淬熄实验并结合XRD、SEM和EDS测试技术,研究自蔓延反应合成铝碳氮的机理。研究结果表明,自蔓延高温合成铝碳氮材料可分为3个阶段,第一阶段为Al融化和蔓流,形成的Al熔体包覆CNx前驱体粉末;第二阶段,Al与CNx分解的产物C和N2发生反应,生成AlN和Al4C3等二元相;反应放出大量的热,引发其它未反应的原料发生自蔓延反应,使反应自维持;第三阶段,AlN和Al4C3反应生成三元铝碳氮化合物。     

自蔓延高温合成Ti—Ni合金

研究了热爆法和预热燃烧法合成 Ti-Ni 合金的自蔓延高温合成工艺。试验结果表明:低加热速度也能实现 Ti-Ni 的热爆合成;预热温度对燃烧法反应影响很大。探讨了 TiNi、Ti_2Ni、TiNi_3的形成温度,提出了燃烧合成 TiNi 的反应过程模型。大量液相的出现对燃烧反应合成 Ti-Ni 至关重要。     

自蔓延高温合成新工艺

本文试图研究自蔓延高温合成（ＳＨＳ）过程及查明ＳＨＳ过程的优点和特性。     

自蔓延高温合成Al2O3＋ZrO2＋Cr复合材料

自蔓延高温合成是制备材料的一种新工艺。通过热力学和显微结构分析研究了Ａｌ－Ｃｒ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２系统，结果表明：在Ａｌ：Ｃｒ２Ｏ３：ＺｒＯ２＝１：２．８：１．４３（ｗｔ）时，可以自蔓延高温合成Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－Ｃｒ复合材料，ＺｒＯ２不与Ａｌ发生反应，产物孔隙度达３５％－４５％。     

成分配比对自蔓延高温合成Ni-Al化合物的影响

本文以镍粉和铝粉为主要原料,采用自蔓延高温合成技术,制备Ni-Al基金属间化合物。研究了成分配比对热爆反应的影响,绘制了热爆反应曲线,分析了热爆反应机理及产物的显微组织特征。研究结果表明:成分配比和压坯密度对热爆反应均有不同程度的影响。增加Al含量、加大压坯密度都会缩短热爆起始时间、降低热爆起始温度,反应起始温度低于Ni-Al系的最低共晶温度(640℃),本文初步确定了Ni-Al系的热爆反应是由固-固扩散反应引发的,Ni-32Al的反应产物为均一的NiAl相。     

自蔓延高温合成氮化硅的研究

本文在106炉生产规模氮化硅的合成试验中,通过对高压釜内氮气温度与压力的变化计算出在合成过程中耗氮量的变化,计算结果表明,氮化硅燃烧合成的特点属自蔓延高温合成中非稳态合成。其燃烧模式为振荡燃烧及螺旋燃烧。此外,氮气渗透率与高压釜内氮压及氮气渗透阻力有关。     

自蔓延高温合成Ti3AlC2陶瓷材料

以Ti、Al、C、TiC粉末为原料,研究掺杂Si及Al含量对自蔓延高温合成Ti3AlC2的影响,合成材料的X射线衍射仪(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析结果表明:物质的量比n(Ti)∶n(Al)∶n(C)∶n(TiC)∶n(Si)=2∶1.2∶1∶0.9∶0.1的原始混合粉末,经50 MPa压力压制的压坯在空气中...     

微波诱发自蔓延高温反应合成Ti_2SnC材料

以Ti,Sn和C粉末为原料,通过微波诱发SHS反应制备Ti_2SnC材料。研究结果表明,采用活性炭为C源,会发生自蔓延高温反应,反应后得到Ti_2SnC为主相的材料,同时含有一定量的TiO2,Sn,TiC和Ti6Sn5相。样品的表面由大量钛锡氧化物的柱状和针状晶粒构成。柱状晶粒长约12~18μm,宽度约为1~4μm。针状晶粒长约1~4μm,宽度约为0.2μm。试样的内部主要为颗粒状钛锡化合物与碳化钛晶粒,以及片状Ti_2SnC晶粒。采用碳黑为C源,更易于促进Ti_2SnC材料的合成。     

Temperature Dependence of Electrical Resistivity of the TiN/TiAl3/Ti2AlN Composite Material

Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals - The TiN/TiAl3/Ti2AlN composite material is fabricated in the filtration combustion mode in nitrogen of porous samples made of the TiAl intermetallic powder...     

Reactions of Ti and Zr with AlN and Al2O3

We studied the reactions of Ti and Zr with AlN, 99.8% Al₂O₃ and 95% Al₂O₃. The substrates were chosen to represent a simple nitride (AlN), a simple oxide (99.8% Al₂O₃), and a simple oxide with a silicate grain boundary phase (95% Al₂O₃). The activities of the Ti and the Zr were varied by dissolving them at 1 and 5 wt% in the 72 Ag-28 Cu eutectic composition, which is otherwise unreactive with the ceramics. Reactions were studied by measuring the variation of the alloy contact angle on the ceramic with time at temperature and by determining the compositions of interfacial reaction products. Contact angles were lower for Ti alloys than for those containing Zr. Reaction products were primarily the nitrides of Zr and Ti for reaction with AlN and the respective oxides for reaction with Al₂O₃. Complex alloy phases were found in the metal away from the ceramic-metal reaction zone.     

Ti_3AlC_2自蔓延高温合成中组织分析

用燃烧波淬熄法及借助X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)研究了Ti3AlC2自蔓延高温合成(SHS)中的显微组织变化,淬熄试样保留了未反应区、预热区、燃烧波前沿、反应区、产物区。试验结果表明,Ti3AlC2自蔓延高温合成机理为溶解-析出-熔化-包晶机制:一方面,Ti和C向Al熔液中溶解,最终导致Al3Ti析出;另一方面,随着C向Ti中扩散,最终导致TiC从Ti-Al-C熔体析出;当温度超过Al3Ti的熔点后,Al3Ti熔化,促使Al3Ti和TiC发生包晶反应生成Ti3AlC2。最终的产物中除了大量的Ti3AlC2外还存在少量Al3Ti和Ti,这与试验使用了较粗的Ti粉有关。     

Electric-spark alloying of steel with heterophase materials based on TiN and Al2O3

Conclusions A study was made of electric-spark alloying with alumina-containing titanium nitride composites sintered in argon and nitrogen. It was established that the most vavorable conditions of formation of a reinforced layer obtain in alloying with a TiN + 30 vol. % Al₂O₃ material sintered in argon. In alloying with TiN-Al₂O₃ composites, the conditions of formation of a reinforced layer deteriorate greatly when anodes sintered in nitrogen, rather than in argon, are used. In the ESA of steel with TiN-Al₂O₃ materials their erosion is less than that of the ZrN- Al₂O₃ composites investigated earlier, because the extent of brittle fracture accompanying the treatment is reduced. The erosion of TiN-Al₂O₃ materials is much less than that of pure TiN, as a result of which the coefficient of gransfer in ESA with TiN-Al₂O₃ anodes is four times higher. In view of this, alumina may be recommended as an effective addition to TiN-base electrode materials.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 12(240), pp. 50–54, December, 1982.     

TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN CVD多层涂层硬质合金的氧化行为

采用高温化学气相沉积(HT-CVD)和中温化学气相沉积(MT-CVD)相结合的复合化学气相沉积新技术在硬质合金基体WC-(W,Ti)C-(Ta,Nb)C-6%Co上分别沉积TiN/TiCN/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN涂层,制备TiN/TiCN/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN CVD多层涂...     

Processing and characterization of Ti2AlC, Ti2AlN, and Ti2AlC0.5N0.5

In this article, we report on the fabrication and characterization of Ti₂AlC, Ti₂AlN, and Ti₂AlC_0.5N_0.5. Reactive hot isostatic pressing (hipping) at ≈40 MPa of the appropriate mixtures of Ti, Al₄C₃ graphite, and/or AlN powders for 15 hours at 1300 °C yields predominantly single-phase samples of Ti₂AlC_0.5N_0.5, 30 hours at 1300 °C yields predominantly single-phase samples of Ti₂AlC. Despite our best efforts, samples of Ti₂AlN (hot isostatic pressed (hipped) at 1400 °C for 48 hours) contain anywhere between 10 and 15 vol pct of ancillary phases. At ≈25 μM, the average grain sizes of Ti₂AlC_0.5N_0.5 and Ti₂AlC are comparable and are significantly smaller than those of Ti₂AlN, at ≈100 μm. All samples are fully dense and readily machinable. The room-temperature deformation under compression of the end-members is noncatastrophic or graceful. At room temperature, solid-solution strengthening is observed; Ti₂AlC_0.5N_0.5 is stronger in compression, harder, and more brittle than the end-members. Conversely, at temperatures greater than 1200 °C, a solid-solution softening effect is occurring. The thermal-expansion coefficients (CTEs) of Ti₂AlC, Ti₂AlN, and Ti₂AlC_0.5N_0.5 are, respectively, 8.2 × 10⁻⁶, 8.8 × 10⁻⁶, and 10.5 × 10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹, in the temperature range from 25 °C to 1300 °C. The former two values are in good agreement with the CTEs determined from high-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD). The electrical conductivity of the solid solution (3.1 × 10⁶ (Θ m)⁻¹) is in between those of Ti₂AlC and Ti₂AlN, which are 2.7 × 10⁶ and 4.0 × 10⁶ Θ ⁻¹ m⁻¹, respectively.     

Fracture mechanics of Ti/Al2O3 interfaces

Measurement of mixed mode interfacial fracture toughness in Ti/Al₂O₃ bimaterial couples has been accomplished by four-point bending tests of sandwich specimens with symmetrical cracks for different processing temperatures and thicknesses of Ti interlayers. Fracture surfaces and sample cross sections were analyzed by SEM, XPS, EDAX, EPMA and AES. The interfacial fracture toughness measured with four-point bending tests increases with increasing applied bonding temperature up to 950°C. Above this temperature toughness decreases. The deterioration of toughness is found to be due to an intermetallic phase (Ti₃Al) produced by diffusion at high temperature. The interfacial fracture toughness also increases when the Ti interlayer is thicker. The measured critical strain energy release rate (or interfacial fracture energy) ranges from 10 to 45 J/m². This is much larger than the estimated true work of adhesion which is about 2 J/m². This is because of plastic energy dissipation in the Ti interlayer during the fracture process.     

Structure and mechanical properties of powder materials of the system Ti - Al - Si

The structure and mechanical properties of cast and powder materials of the Ti - Al - Si system are studied. It is established that eutectic compositions of this system display superior strength properties to existing heat-resistant titanium alloys. Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 5–6(413), pp. 108–116, May–June, 2000.     

致密烧结Ti/Al2O3复合材料

利用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备出相对密度、断裂韧性、弯曲强度分别为99.74%、19.73±0.4MPa·m1/2、1002±12MPa的40vol%Ti/Al2O3复合材料。SEM对复合材料表面形貌观察发现,Ti、Al2O3两相分布均匀,表面无明显气孔存在;断口的SEM和EDS表明,复合材料已形成网络导电结构;复合材料的HREM微观结构分析表明,Al2O3三角晶界处无其它杂质的偏聚,小颗粒的金属Ti富集在Al2O3的三角晶界结合处,界面结合紧密。