废石膏泡沫混凝土性能及影响因素

研究了以脱硫石膏-矿渣粉-水泥复合胶凝材料体系为胶凝材料的泡沫混凝土性能及其主要影响因素。结果表明,适当提高水胶比,有助于泡沫混凝士起泡性和稳泡性。掺加硫铝酸盐水泥和水玻璃的泡沫混凝土性能劣化,这丽种材料不适合应用于泡沫混凝土制备中。掺加适量甲基纤维素、减水剂可较好地改善泡沫混凝土的性能。经优化研究可得到容重低于1000kg／m^3,强度大于6MPa的脱硫石膏泡沫混凝土。     

烧结粉煤灰陶粒混凝土工作性能及力学性能试验研究

通过采用粉煤灰烧结而成的陶粒作为轻集料,在不同的胶凝材料体系下掺加一定量的粉煤灰制备陶粒混凝土。系统研究了胶凝材料用量与粉煤灰掺量对其工作性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,胶凝材料总量为300 kg/m3且粉煤灰掺量为0时混凝土净用水量达到最大,为151 kg/m3;随着胶凝材料用量及粉煤灰掺量的增加,其净用水量逐渐减少;当粉煤灰掺量为15%时,陶粒混凝土的后期强度达到最高,胶凝材料总量为300 kg/m3的28 d强度为38.7 MPa,相比早期强度增大幅度达120.3%。     

铁路客运专线基础工程高性能混凝土配合比设计的试验研究

采用正交试验设计方法对混凝土配合比进行了试验,研究了胶凝材料用量、组成及水胶比对基础工程用高性能混凝土强度及耐久性的影响。试验及分析结果表明:可使用大掺量外掺料(50%)配制铁路客运专线基础工程高性能混凝土,水胶比及胶凝材料总量是配合比设计的关键,在一定的比例范围内,外掺料的掺量和组成比例对混凝土56d强度及耐久性指标影响不显著。     

碱激发矿渣胶凝材料的试验研究

影响碱激发矿渣胶凝材料性能的因素有很多,该文系统地探讨了水玻璃模数、水玻璃掺量、水灰比、养护条件及复合粉料比例等因素对碱激发矿渣胶凝材料凝结时间和强度的影响规律.结果表明:碱胶凝材料凝结时间主要取决于溶液中碱离子浓度;水玻璃模数为1.4,掺量为8％时,碱胶凝材料强度最高;提高养护温度有助于抗压强度的增长,普通硅酸盐水泥与水玻璃配合,可作为复合激发剂使用.     

高原冻土地区桩基混凝土配合比设计研究

本文主要研究了水胶比、胶凝材料用量、矿物掺合料种类和掺量等配合比关键参数对C30桩基混凝土抗压强度和抗冻性能的影响规律.研究表明,低温环境下桩基混凝土的抗压强度和抗冻性能均随着水胶比的增加而显著降低;桩基混凝土抗压强度和抗冻性能均随着胶凝材料用量的降低而降低;低温环境下"FA10-SF10"组混凝土抗压强度和抗冻性能均最佳;高原冻土地区C30桩基混凝土配合比设计中建议水胶比不大于0.45,胶凝材料用量不低于380 kg/m3,建议采用10％粉煤灰和5％硅灰复掺.     

粉煤灰对人工砂高性能混凝土性能的影响

研究了粉煤灰对人工砂高性能混凝土和易性和抗压强度的影响。试验表明:掺加一定量优质粉煤灰,能显著改善人工砂高性能混凝土拌合物的和易性、降低泌水;水泥用量相同时,大掺灰量人工砂混凝土28d强度较高;胶凝材料用量相同,大掺灰量混凝土用水量少、水胶比低,其强度与水泥用量大、掺灰少的混凝土基本相同。     

骨料对工业废渣陶粒混凝土性能的影响

研究了不同等级陶粒骨料及砂率对陶粒混凝土性能的影响。结果表明:采用800级,600级陶粒为骨料制备工业废渣陶粒混凝土,随骨料用量增加,容重降低有限,但会导致强度和比强度大幅度降低。采用较高等级骨料制备轻混凝土时,通过增加骨料用量降低容重不可取。以400级陶粒为骨料,随骨料用量增加容重有明显降低趋势,但强度变化不大。与骨料等级和用量相比,砂率对不同等级废渣陶粒混凝土的强度和容重的影响要小得多。骨料用量及砂率对废渣陶粒混凝土的软化系数影响不明显,但骨料等级的影响显著,骨料越轻、陶粒混凝土容重越小,软化系数越大。     

季节性活动层中混凝土强度与抗冻性显著性分析及预测模型研究

针对多年冻土季节活动层区铁路、公路线路中桥梁的墩台基础混凝土灌注桩,研究了水胶比、引气剂及养护温度3种因素交互作用下对混凝土抗压强度、抗冻性能的影响,得出了3种因素对混凝土抗压强度及抗冻性能的变化规律,结果表明:水胶比对混凝土的抗压强度影响最明显,养护温度次之,引气剂对抗压强度的影响最小;养护温度对混凝土的抗冻性影响最明显,水胶比次之,引气剂对抗冻性能的影响最小.在混凝土配合比设计和养护方式合理的条件下,混凝土的抗压强度与抗冻性存在一定的相关性,进行冻土中混凝土的施工时,合理设计水胶比,提高混凝土养护质量并且掺加适量引气剂,可以提高混凝土强度和耐久性能,最后建立了混凝土抗压强度和抗冻性能的多元线性回归预测模型,并验证了其合理性.     

胶凝材料用量及用水量对粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度的影响

本文主要探讨了水泥用量、胶凝材料用量、粉煤灰掺量和水胶比等因素对蒸养粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度的影响，并与标养混凝土的强度进行了对比。     

大掺量粉煤灰混凝土配合比设计正交试验研究

采用正交试验方法对大掺量粉煤灰混凝土配合比进行试验研究,讨论了水泥品种,水胶比,胶凝材料用量和粉煤灰掺量对其28d强度的影响。结果表明,正交试验方法可以应用到大掺量粉煤灰配合比设计试验中;在4个因素中,粉煤灰掺量对混凝土强度的影响最大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。