Investigation on the modification behavior of A356 alloy inoculated with a Sr-Y composite modifier

In the present paper, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to examine the effects of a Sr-Y composite modifier on the microstructure of A356 alloy. After adding Y to A356, YAl 3 compounds formed, and the size of the α (Al) crystal nucleus increased. The degree of supercooling caused by Sr-Y composite modifier was higher than Sr modification by 2.7 °C, leading to an increased nucleation rate. This increase in supercooling temperature was favorable to the refinement of eutectic structure of the alloy and its eutectic reaction was delayed to the maximum extent. The Si phase in the as-cast Sr-Y composite-modified A356 alloy was either granular or flaky. No large flakes of eutectic Si were found, and the modification effects were completely comparable with those obtained using a lone Sr modifier. After T6 heat treatment, most of the eutectic Si showed a grain-like shape with smaller grains. No eutectic Si with long-strip shapes, significant enhancements in the particle roundness and evenness of the Si crystals, and increased globosity were observed. Both the roundness and evenness of the grained Si crystals were enhanced, and the amount of globular eutectic Si available increased, these findings showed that excellent modification effects were achieved.     

Characteristics of Precipitation in an As-cast Nb-and V-containing High Nitrogen CrMn Austenitic Steel

The phase diagram of an Nb- and V-containing 18Mnl8Cr0.5N steel was investigated using thermodynam ic calculation. The compositions and characteristics of precipitates were investigated by scanning electron microsco- py, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. Under equilibrium con- ditions, MX precipitates at 1 350 ℃. MX is a substitutional solid solution of Nb4 N3.38, and its composition （at. %） is approximately.. Nb 40, N 40, V 8, and Fe, Cr, and Mn balance. The precipitates, with shapes including irregular bulk, rod, and ellipsoid, are primarily distributed at grain boundaries and triple junctions, and their size is approxi- mately 5 10 μm. Finally, the microalloying of high nitrogen CrMn austenite steels, control of precipitate size, and the effect of precipitate on hot formin~ were discussed.     

Effect of cobalt substitution on magnetic properties and microstructure of nanocrystalline （NdDyTb）12.3（FeZrNbCu）81.7B6.0 ribbons

Effect of Co substitution and annealing treatment on the formation, magnetic properties and microstructure of (NdOyTb)12.3(FeZrNbCu)81.7CoxB6(x=0-15) ribbons prepared by rapid quenching and subsequent annealing was systematically investi-gated by means of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Phase analysis revealed single-phase material. The remanence polarization Jr and maximum en-ergy product (BH)max increased with increasing x from 0 to 12 and then decreased for x=lS. The intrinsic coercivity Hci of (NdDyTb)12.3 (FeZrNbCU)81.7-xCoxB6 ribbons optimally processed decreased from 1308.7 kA/m for x=0 to 817.4 kA/m for x=15. Optimum magnetic properties with Jr=1.041 T, Hci=944.9 kA/m and (BH)max=155.1 kJ/m3 were achieved by annealing melt-spun ribbon (x=-12) at 675℃ for 10 min. There was no significant influence of Co substitution on microstructure.     

水泥浆体的热分析动力学

以差示扫描量热法为手段,进行了水化硅酸盐水泥浆体热分析动力学的研究.采用Kim-Park,Flynn-Wall-Ozawa和Friedman法计算了升温过程水泥浆体各阶段吸热反应活化能和反应级数.结果表明:升温过程中水泥浆体呈现3个吸热反应阶段,随温度升高各反应阶段活化能逐渐升高;Kim-Park,Flynn-Wall-Ozawa和Friedman三种方法较好地分析了前2个反应阶段的反应活化能和反应级数,第一阶段的反应活化能小于第二阶段,但反应级数n却大于后者;对于前2个吸热反应阶段,Kim-Park和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa均能较好地进行动力学分析,但Friedman法对于第三阶段即C-S-H发生脱水过程的反应活化能计算误差较大.     

Sn—Zn—Al焊料合金的微观结构

使用扫描电子显微技术研究了无铅焊料Ｓｎ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ的微观结构。在所研究的焊料中,Ａｌ和Ｚｎ的成分分别是在０．４５￣４．５％和８．５５￣８５．５％范围内。焊料由Ｚｎ－５Ａｌ母合金和金属Ｓｎ制备。并用能量散射光谱仪对在这些焊料中形成的析出物作成分分析。用冷却曲线和示差扫描量热法标出了在冷却过程中这些焊料的共晶温度和转变温度。     

Structural characterization and corrosive property of Ni-P/CeO2composite coating

Electroless Ni-P/nano-CeO2 composite coating was prepared in acidic condition, and its microstructure and corrosive property were compared with its CeO2-free counterpart. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were used to examine surface morphology and microstructure of the coating. Corrosive investigation was carried out in 3%NaCl+5%H2SO4 solution. The results showed that Ni-P coating had partial amorphous structure mixed with nanocrystals, whereas the Ni-P/CeO2 coating had perfect amorphous structure. In high temperature condition, Ni3P precipitation and Ni crystallization occurred in both coatings but at different temperatures, whereas the Ni-P/CeO2 coating had sintered phase of NiCe2O4 spinels. The anticorrosion property and passivity were improved in the CeO2-containing coating due to its less liability to undergo local-cell corrosion than its CeO2-free counterpart. During the co-deposition process, some Cen+ (n=3, 4) ions may be adsorbed to the metal/solution interface, hinder nickel's crystal-typed deposition and promote phosphorous deposition. The nano-CeO2 doping finally resulted in the coating' perfect amorphous structure and good anti-corrosive property.     

Effects of Ru on Solidification Characteristic and Microstructures of Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloy

 The Ru-free and Ru-containing single crystal superalloys were cast in the directionally solidified furnace, while other alloying element contents were basically kept unchanged. The effects of Ru on the solidification characteristic and microstructures of single crystal superalloy were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, electron probe micro analyzer, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results show that the liquidus temperature of the single crystal superalloy decreases with Ru addition. The primary dendrite arm spacing and volume fraction of γ/γ′ eutectic both decrease with Ru addition. The sizes of γ′ phase of dendritic core and interdendritic region have no obvious change with Ru addition. Ru tends to segregate slightly in the dendritic core. The extent of elements segregation decreases with the Ru addition. Ru tends to partition preferentially into the γ matrix. The addition of Ru decreases the partition ratio (the ratio of the γ phases composition over the γ′ phases composition) of elements Re, W and Mo.     

铝合金差示扫描量热分析(DSC)的影响因素研究

在5～25℃/min不同速率下对6082铝合金进行了升温差示扫描量热分析(DSC)试验,通过线性外推和取平均值的方法确定6082铝合金平衡态的相变温度,并对6082铝合金T6态搅拌摩擦焊不同部位取样进行5℃/min的升温DSC曲线测定。结果表明:当改变升温速率时,DSC曲线的形状不会发生明显变化,只是随着升温速率增加,合金相变功率有所提升;升温速率为10℃/min、15℃/min、20℃/min、25℃/min时低温结晶峰向高温方向偏移。在对6082铝合金T6态搅拌摩擦焊各个部位进行升温实验时发现,母材区相变功率较高,但是各个部位的固相线温度基本一致,且峰形相同。     

Sm2Fe17化合物的差热-热重分析

通过X射线衍射、 差热-热重(DTA-TG)联用仪以及磁测量等手段研究了 Sm2 Fe17化合物及其氮化物的相结构和磁性.通过对Sm2 Fe17化合物的DTA-TG分析可以得到:当温度从室温(约300 K)升至1473 K的过程中,在N2保护的条件下,N原子扩散进入Sm21 Fe17化合物中,在温度为700 K左右时Sm2 Fe17化合物吸氮反应最剧烈,吸氮的结果使得Sm2 Fe17 Nx化合物的居里温度显著提高.随着温度的继续升高,在吸氮反应的同时,Sm2 Fe17 Nx化合物变的不稳定,部分分解为SmN化合物和Fe.对实验结果的分析可以得出,该化合物在接近熔点的1473 K以下只存在Th2 Zn17型结构,不存在Th2 Ni17型结构.     

Cu-Cr合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀的研究

利用金相、X射线衍射、扫描电镜及电化学方法，研究了Cu-Cr合金在3．5％NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：Cu-Cr合金在3．5％NaCl溶液中的腐蚀产物主要是CuO、Cu2O和铬的氧化物。溶液温度越高，其腐蚀速度越快，且在20％时，其阳极极化时出现钝化，随温度的升高，其钝化倾向减小。     

The phase diagram of the Ni-VC-NbC system

Conclusions The Ni-VC_0.87-NbC_0.9 system has a ternary eutectic in the solidification of which the equilibrium phases are an Ni-base solid solution, (V, Nb)C carbide containing 10% NbC_0.9 and 90% VC_0.87, and (V, Nb)C carbide containing 20% VC_0.87 and 80% NbC_0.9. The point of the four-phase nonvariant equilibrium is in the region of the alloy containing 3% NbC_0.9 and 6% VC_0.87 and the temperature of the equilibrium is 1300±15°C. The diagram of the phase equilibria (Fig. 3) of this system has the same form as for the Ni-TiC-ZrC and Ni-TiC-HfC systems [9, 10].Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 8(296), pp. 67–79, August, 1987.     

Thermodynamics and phase diagram of the Fe-C system

A critical review of published data provides a fairly accurate knowledge of the thermodynamic properties of all of the phases of the system Fe-C that are stable or metastable at atmospheric pressure. Selected data are shown as tables and equations. A proposed phase diagram differs only slightly from others recently published but has the following features. Peritectic compositions and the α-γ equilibrium are shown to agree with measured values of the activity of iron in the solid and liquid solutions and the thermodynamic properties of pure iron. Of all the reported carbides of iron only two may be studied under equilibrium conditions. The solubilities of cementite and of χ-carbide in α-Fe are deduced from measured equilibria. Both are metastable at all temperatures with respect to graphite and its saturated solution in iron. The χ-carbide becomes more stable than cementite below about 230° Certain published data on ε-carbide permit an estimate of its free energy as a precipitate during the aging process.     

Thermodynamic studies and the phase diagram of the Li-Mg system

By means of the electromotive force (emf) method of concentration cells of the following scheme: Li (1) / LiCl-LiF (eut) or LiCi-KCl (eut) / Li-Mg (1) or Li (1) / LiCl-LiF (eut) / Li-Mg (s) Li activities for liquid and solid alloys at the (Mg), (Li), and (Mg) + (Li) two-phase region of the Li-Mg system were determined. Liquid alloys were examined at temperatures from 638 to 889 K at various Li concentrations. The (Mg) solid solutions were investigated in two series: at constant temperatures between 773 and 876 K, with varying Li content, and at fixed Li concentrations, equal to 0.125 and 0.160 molar fractions, at different temperatures between 772 and 849 K. At the two-phase region, (Mg) + (Li), emf measurements were performed in the temperature range 773 to 838 K, with fixed Li concentrations equal to 0.20, 0.25, and 0.275 molar fractions. For (Li) solid alloys, experiments were done at temperatures 773 to 849 K for several constant Li concentrations, between 0.30 to 0.45 molar fractions, respectively. Studies on solid alloys enabled us also to determine the boundaries (Li)/[(Mg) + (Li)] and (Mg)/[(Mg) + (Li)] at temperatures 773 to 831 K. The resulting thermodynamic and phase boundary data of this study were used with other selected references for a critical assessment of the Li-Mg system. The Lukas BINGSS optimization program and BINFKT for the calculation of the thermodynamic functions and of the phase diagram were used. The calculated equilibrium phase diagram at temperatures below 750 K indicates a slightly lower solid solubility of Mg in (Li) in comparison with results from thermal analysis and the recently published Saunders evaluation.     

The thermodynamic properties and phase diagram of the zinc-lead system

A Gaussian plus Krupkowski formalism is used to represent the phase diagram, boiling point data, and the thermodynamic properties of the zinc-lead system. The high shear technique of Esdaile and Siviour 1 was adapted for measurements of the monotectic conditions and the boundaries of the liquid miscibility gap. The monotectic conditions were found to be 690.94 ± 0.02 K and 1.017 ± 0.005 wt pct Pb, 0.323 ± 0.002 at. pct Pb.