含钪Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金的组织与性能

为了研究微量Sc对Al-3.5Cu-1.5Li-0.12Zr合金组织与性能的影响,采用铸锭冶金法,制备了4种不同Sc含量的Al-3.5Cu-1.5Li-0.12Zr合金.采用室温拉伸力学性能实验、金相显微镜和透射电镜研究了微量Sc对Al-3.5Cu-1.5Li-0.12Zr合金微观组织和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:添加0.1%Sc能消除铸态合金的枝晶组织,有效地抑制了再结晶的发生,具有一定的强化作用和明显的增塑效应;添加O.15%Sc和0.25%Sc能显著细化合金铸态的晶粒组织,但添加0.15%Sc不能抑制合金固溶过程中再结晶;添加0.25%Sc会促进合金固溶过程中的再结晶,从而降低合金的强度.合金中较适宜的Sc加入量为0.10%～0.15%,此时合金既具有较高的强度,又兼具较好的塑性.     

AlCuMgFeNiSc（Zr）系铝合金再结晶过程与退火行为的研究

在2618铝合金的基础上,添加Sc,Zr,降低Cu量,配制实验合金,采用金相,X－射线衍射,透射电镜,硬度测量等手段,研究了实验合金冷轧板材经不同温度退火组织性能的变化,探讨了Sc对实验合金再结晶过程与退火行为的影响规律,结果表明,Al3(Ac,Zr)质点钉扎位错,稳定亚结构,迟滞以亚晶聚合与长大为主的再结晶形核,同时也阻碍晶粒长大,因此,2618铝合金中添加Sc,Zr合金化可以提高再结晶温度;并细化再结晶组织,但Sc,Zr不宜过量,否则不利于稳定未再结晶组织,降低Cu量,虽然合金硬度下降,但是可能防止W相生成,要增添Sc,Zr含量,进一步推迟再结晶过程,提高再结晶温度。     

添加Sc对7055铝合金微观结构和力学性能的影响

研究了添加Sc元素对7055铝合金铸造、均匀化处理、轧制和固溶时效过程的微观结构演化以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,向7055溶液中添加质量分数为0.25%的Sc导致在铸造过程中形成初生Al3(Sc,Zr)相。这个相能促使合金发生非均质形核,显著细化合金的铸造组织。在7055-Sc铝合金的均匀化处理过程中析出高密度纳米Al3(Sc,Zr)相,不但能抑制晶粒粗化,而且在后期轧制变形和固溶时效处理过程中还起钉扎晶界、抑制回复与再结晶、保留纤维组织的作用。与7055铝合金相比,7055-Sc铝合金的晶粒尺寸更小,因此具有更有效的细晶强化效应。添加Sc的时效处理态7055铝合金的最大抗拉强度和显微硬度,分别提高到642 MPa和218 HV。     

Ti38Zr45Ni17准晶合金的储氢性能及其V合金化

研究了三元Ti38Zr45Ni17准晶合金及其V合金化后的四元合金(Ti0.38Zr0.45Ni0.17)100-xVx(x=5%、10%、30%、40%、60%(原子分数))的吸放氢性能.准晶成分设计思想源自于团簇线方法,即在Ti-Zr-Ni三元合金体系中利用两条团簇线的交点确定最佳准晶成分Ti38Zr45Ni17.利用铜模吸铸快冷工艺制备直径为3mm的合金棒.吸放氢测试结果表明,Ti38Zr45Ni17准晶在303K首次吸氢量为0.9%(质量分数),在573K时合金首次吸氢量可达2.38%(质量分数),合金吸氢过程快速完成,并放出大量的热,可将吸氢前的粉末样品烧结成块体凝聚物.吸氢后准晶结构消失,完全转化为氢化物结构.添加5%～30%(原子分数)的V进行合金化时可提高合金在573K下的首次吸氢量,最大为2.96%(质量分数);具有固溶体结构的(Ti0.38Zr0.45Ni0.17)40V60合金在室温下首次吸氢量为3.2%(质量分数).由于准晶及其V合金化的合金在吸放氢之后均形成了稳定的氢化物,导致其放氢非常困难.     

微量 Sc 对高强铝合金铸态组织性能的影响

目的研究Sc对某7系铝合金铸态组织性能以及对合金主要元素分布情况的影响。方法在某7系铝合金中添加微量Sc,采用金相显微镜、硬度测试等实验方法,研究了合金铸态组织与性能;通过SEM和EDS分析了合金主要元素分布情况。结果添加0.2%的Sc的合金,晶粒尺寸从106μm细化到41μm;Sc的添加使硬度得到了一定程度的改善,增大了Cu元素的枝晶偏析,而对合金基体中Zn和Mg等合金元素枝晶偏析影响不大。结论添加微量Sc,可以得到细小、圆整、均匀的铸态组织,合金主要元素的分布也得到改善。     

Ta和Zr的添加量对Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr系合金组织和性能的影响

以Ti-30Nb-10Ta-5Zr合金为基本组成,改变Ta的添加量(质量分数,下同)为:O%,5%,15%,20%,配制4种Ti-30Nb-xTa-5Zr系合金;改变Zr的添加量(质量分数,下同)为:0%,3%,7%,10%,配制4种Ti-30Nb-10Ta-xZr系合金,连同基本组成合金共9种,对比进行了组织和性能评价.     

微量Sc和Zr对Al-Mg合金组织和性能影响的研究

用硬度法，金相显微镜，扫描电镜（SEM）和力学性能检测等方法，研究了微量Sc和Zr对Al-5%Mg合金显微组织，再结晶温度和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明，添加0.17%Sc和0.08%Zr的合金铸态组织得到显著细化，枝晶组织在相当程度上得到消除；合金的再结晶起始温度约为300℃，比不加Sc和Zr的合金再结晶起始温度提高了约150℃，添加了Sc和Zr的合金没有确定的再结晶终了温度，其再结晶是一种连续，缓慢的过程，一直到575℃合金仍然保留着大量的变形组织；添加了钪和锆后的合金在稳定化退火后的强度提高，特别是高温退火后可以保留较高的强度。     

元素Zr添加对铸态Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95合金组织与磁致伸缩性能的影响

采用高真空电弧炉制备了Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95-xZrx（x=0、0.03、0.06、0.09）合金,研究了不同Zr含量Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95-xZrx（x=0、0.03、0.06、0.09）合金的晶体结构、微观组织及磁致伸缩性能。结果表明添加Zr后的Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95-xZrx（x=0.03、0.06、0.09）合金基体相仍保持为MgCu2（C15型）立方Laves相结构,Zr添加后取代了Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95合金中的稀土原子Tb、Dy而使晶格常数减小。添加Zr后,初生相ZrFe2的形成使得凝固液体富稀土从而抑制了RFe3有害相的生成,Zr在基体相RFe2中有限固溶而在富稀土相Re中不溶。初生相ZrFe2（C15型）可溶于与自身结构相同的RFe2（C15型）相中形成（Re、Zr）Fe2相。当Zr含量x=0.09时,Zr的溶解过饱和,从而在（Re、Zr）Fe2基体相上析出了富Zr相。Zr的添加量x对磁致伸缩的影响很大,少量Zr的添加对磁致伸缩的提高有利,但当含量x=0.09时,由于富Zr相,富Re相的析出对磁致伸缩的提高不利,但相对于Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95母合金有少量提高。     

添加Zr对快速凝固CuCr29合金液相分解微观组织的影响

使用限速熔体快淬技术研究了添加Zr对CuCr29合金液相分解微观组织的影响.研究结果表明,添加Zr可以有效地抑制快速凝固CuCr29合金的液相分解行为.当Zr元素的添加量大于1.0at%,快速凝固CuCr29合金的液相分解微观组织明显地得到细化.EDS分析和微观组织观察都表明,添加Zr元素后,在合金组织中只存在着富Cu基体和富Cr相,Zr元素以固溶形式影响着CuCr合金的凝固行为.由热力学分析可知,在CuCr29合金中添加Zr会降低过冷CuCr液体的混合自由能和液相分解的驱动力,从而增加液/固转变临界过冷度,使临界形核半径减小和形核速度增加,则快速凝固CuCr29合金的液相分解微观组织得到细化.     

Zr元素及冷却速度对Mg-12Sm合金凝固组织的影响

研究了Mg-12Sm合金在不同冷却条件和添加Zr元素前后凝固组织的变化规律,实验发现水冷模具浇注下冷却速度提高,晶粒细化,二次枝晶臂间距减小,晶间共晶组织体积变小,但总体积分数和分布并没有明显改变;添加0.1%(质量分数)Zr后,晶粒明显细化,树枝晶转化为等轴晶,二次枝晶臂间距减小,晶间共晶组织体积分数增大,共晶组织形貌和分布没有明显变化;Mg-12Sm和Mg-12SmZr合金水冷后Mg基体中Sm含量降低。     

Influence of powder metallurgical processing on production and properties of rapidly solidified Al–5Cr–2Zr,Al–6·43Cr–1·67Zr,and Al–4Cr–1Fe extrudates

Abstract

Rapidly solidified Al–5Cr–2Zr, Al–6·43Cr–1·67Zr, and Al–4Cr–1Fe alloy powders were processed using cold compaction and hot extrusion. It was found that the iron containing alloy was more easily extruded than the zirconium containing alloys, and this was attributed to phase transformations occurring during deformation of the latter. By obtaining extrudates in the form of rectangular bars, mechanical properties could be studied for both the transverse and the longitudinal directions. Compared with the longitudinal direction, no significant decrease of strength was detected in the transverse direction for any of the alloys, whereas significant decreases of ductility were recorded, especially for Al–6·43Cr–1·67Zr alloy. Fracture was observed to occur along primary powder particle boundaries. The relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties was also investigated. Compared with the addition of iron, it was found that additions of zirconium are more beneficial in that they promote formation of fine intermetallic phases. In addition, between the Al–Cr–Zr alloys, a reduction of chromium content yields a more homogenous and fine microstructure, which combined with the beneficial effects of increased additions of zirconium results in superior properties.

MST/1118     

Zr含量对铸造AlSi7Mg0.4合金力学性能的影响

研究了添加Zr元素的重力铸造AlSi7Mg0.4合金的微观组织和力学性能.结果 表明,在含Zr的铸态合金中生成了(Al,Si)3(Zr,Ti)和π-Fe相,Zr的添加使合金的晶粒尺寸减小;经过T6热处理后富Fe相中的Mg和少量粗大的(Al,Si)3(Zr,Ti)相重溶到基体中,减小了金属间化合物的尺寸,生成了与基体有共...     

Effect of Zr on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg–10Gd–3Y magnesium alloy

The influence of Zr on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg–10Gd–3Y (wt.%) magnesium alloy was investigated. The grain size of alloys decreased with Zr content from 0% to 0.93% (wt.%). The addition of Zr greatly improved the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the elongation (EL), while slightly improved the tensile yield strength (TYS). The UTS and the EL of the alloy containing 0.93% Zr increased by 125.8 MPa and 6.96% compared with base alloy, respectively. The corrosion resistances were found to decrease with Zr content from 0% to 0.42% and then increase from 0.42% to 0.93%. The differences in the sizes and distributions of the Zr-rich particles have significant effects on the corrosion behaviors. The alloy with 0.42% Zr addition revealed the optimum combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.     

Structure,mechanical properties,and grindability of dental Ti–Zr alloys

Structure, mechanical properties and grindability of a series of binary Ti-Zr alloys with zirconium contents ranging from 10 to 40 wt% have been investigated. Commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) was used as a control. Experimental results indicated that the diffraction peaks of all the Ti-Zr alloys matched those for alpha Ti. No beta-phase peaks were found. The hardness of the Ti-Zr alloys increased as the Zr contents increased, and ranged from 266 HV (Ti-10Zr) to 350 HV (Ti-40Zr). As the concentration of zirconium in the alloys increased, the strength, elastic recovery angles and hardness increased. Moreover, the elastically recoverable angle of Ti-40Zr was higher than of c.p. Ti by as much as 550%. The grindability of each metal was found to be largely dependent on the grinding conditions. The Ti-40Zr alloy had a higher grinding rate and grinding ratio than c.p. Ti at low speed. The grinding rate of the Ti-40Zr alloy at 500 m/min was about 1.8 times larger than that of c.p. Ti, and the grinding ratio was about 1.6 times larger than that of c.p. Ti. Our research suggested that the Ti-40Zr alloy has better mechanical properties, excellent elastic recovery capability and improved grindability at low grinding speed. The Ti-40Zr alloy has a great potential for use as a dental machining alloy.     

Effect of minor content of Gd on the mechanical and degradable properties of as-cast Mg-2Zn-xGd-0.5Zr alloys

RE-containing Mg alloys used as biodegradable medical implants exhibit good promising application due to their good mechanical properties and degradation resistance. In this work, effect of Gd on the microstructure, mechanical properties and biodegradation of as-cast Mg-2Zn-xGd-0.5Zr alloys was investigated. The results showed that there were mainly α-Mg, I-phase, W-phase and MgZn2 phase in Mg-Zn-Gd-Zr alloys. With increase of the Gd content, the strength of the alloys was enhanced due to the second phase strengthening and grain refinement. The degradation resistance of Mg-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy was increased by adding 0.5%–1% Gd due to the uniformly distributed second phases which acted as a barrier to prevent the pitting corrosion. However, increasing Gd content to 2% reduced the degradation resistance of the alloy due to the galvanic corrosion between the matrix and the second phases.The good degradation resistance and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-2Zn-1Gd-0.5Zr alloy makes it outstanding for biomaterial application.     

超高强韧Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr变形镁合金研究进展

超高强韧镁合金的研发对推广镁合金在高技术领域的应用具有重要意义。镁与稀土均是我国的优势资源,因此在我国发展超高强韧稀土镁合金具有得天独厚的优势,其中Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr系变形镁合金因其接近高强铝合金的超高强度和塑性,近年来受到研究者的广泛关注。综述了超高强韧Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr系变形镁合金的合金成分、常规塑性变形工艺、新型剧烈塑性变形工艺和热处理工艺对该合金显微组织和力学性能的影响规律,以及该超高强韧变形镁合金的显微组织特征和强韧化机理。T5峰时效态超高强韧Mg-8.2Gd-3.8Y-1Zn-0.4Zr(质量分数)挤压合金具有双峰分布的晶粒尺寸“软-硬”复合层片微结构,以及由高密度的基面γ′纳米片状析出相和棱柱面β′纳米析出相形成的近连续网状结构,该挤压合金室温拉伸屈服强度、拉伸强度和断裂延伸率分别为466 MPa、514 MPa和14.5%。介绍了哈尔滨工业大学等单位在超高强韧Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr系变形镁合金的规模化制备和应用方面的研究进展,并展望了Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr系变形镁合金的发展趋势。     

Effect of trace additions of Sn on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Mg alloys

The work is aimed at investigating the influence of trace additions of Tin (Sn) on the microstructure, mechanical properties and age-hardening behavior of Al–6.2%Cu–0.6%Mg alloy system. Al–6.2%Cu–0.6%Mg alloys containing varying weight percentages (from 0 to 0.1 wt.%) of Sn were prepared by casting technique. The mechanical properties and microstructure of these alloys were investigated in the as-cast as well as different heat treated conditions. The composition of the different phases present in the microstructure was determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis. The average grain size of the annealed alloy was found to be maximum with trace content of 0.06 wt.% Sn. The hardness and strength of the alloy increased but the ductility reduced with increase in Sn content up to 0.06 wt.%. Precipitation hardening behavior of the alloys was investigated by analyzing the aging time required to attain the peak hardness value. Addition of trace percentage of Sn was observed to have no significant influence on the peak ageing time of the investigated alloy system.     

Tensile and fatigue properties of a cast aluminum alloy with Ti, Zr and V additions

The development of aluminum alloys for automotive powertrain applications is in high demand due to the required weight reduction and fuel efficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microstructure and mechanical properties of a newly developed Al-7%Si-1%Cu-0.5%Mg cast alloy with further additions of Ti, Zr and V. The microstructure of the alloys consisted of Al dendrites surrounded by Al-Si eutectic structures with Mg/Cu/Fe-containing Si particles, and contained nano-sized trialuminide precipitates in the Ti/Zr/V added alloys. The alloys had a significantly (60-87%) higher yield strength but lower ductility than A356-T6 and 319-T6 alloys. With the addition of Ti/Zr/V both monotonic and cyclic yield strengths increased, but ductility and hardening capacity decreased due to reduced dislocation storage capacity caused by stronger interactions between dislocations and trialuminide precipitates. The Zr/V-modified alloy had a longer fatigue life, and all the alloys exhibited cyclic stabilization at low strain amplitudes and cyclic hardening at higher strain amplitudes. With increasing strain amplitude, the extent of cyclic hardening increased. Both cyclic yield strength and cyclic strain hardening exponent were higher than the corresponding monotonic yield strength and strain hardening exponent, indicating that a stronger cyclic hardening ability of the alloys developed. Fatigue cracks were observed to initiate at near-surface defects, and crack propagation was mainly characterized by the formation of fatigue striations together with secondary cracks.     

Improved properties of A319 aluminum casting alloy modified with Zr

The beneficial effects of 0.15 wt.% Zr addition on mechanical properties and wear resistance of A319 aluminum casting alloy were investigated. The cast alloys were given a solutionizing treatment followed by artificial aging in the temperature range 175 to 235 °C for different period of times. Mechanical properties and wear behavior of the Zr-containing material were determined and compared to those of the base A319 alloy in both as-cast and age-hardened conditions. It is shown that minor addition of Zr results in the precipitation of Al₃Zr particles in the aluminum matrix. These particles are stable upon heating due to the low solubility of zirconium in aluminum matrix. The main effects of such particles are an increase in hardness, strength, quality index and wear resistance. This is very promising where these aluminum cast alloys are to be used at relatively high temperatures.     

Gerichtet erstarrte Mo‐Zr‐B‐Legierungen

Two high temperature alloys, namely Mo‐13Zr‐25.9B and Mo‐17.4Zr‐34.8B (in at. %), which were specified as eutectic compositions according to the literature were produced with a zone melting (ZM) method [1, 2]. Investigations with a scanning electron microscope demonstrated that the microstructures of both alloys are not completely eutectic. The alloy Mo‐13Zr‐25.9B shows well‐aligned arrangements of their microstructural constituents along the crystallization direction. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed the phases molybdenum solid solution and zirconium monoboride (ZrB) in each alloy and, additionally, in alloy Mo‐13Zr‐25.9B the phases Mo₂Zr and dimolybdenum boride (Mo₂B) and in alloy Mo‐17.4Zr‐34.8B the phase zirconium diboride (ZrB₂). Moreover, the microhardness of the individual phases was measured. The fracture toughness of both materials was determined using the SEVNB method according to DIN EN ISO 23146. Finally, the creep resistance of the alloys was tested at 1100 °C under compressive loading and compared with other molybdenum alloys and a single‐crystalline nickel based superalloy.