离子渗硫层的抗擦伤性能及耐磨性研究

采用低温离子渗硫技术在４５钢表面形成一定厚度的渗硫层。用销盘试验机在机械油润滑条件下对渗硫表面的抗擦伤性能,减摩及耐磨性能进行了系统研究。采用ＥＤＸ和ＡＥＳ分析了边界润滑膜的成分。结果表明：在低速条件下渗硫层可显著改善钢表面的抗擦伤性能,且具有较好的减摩耐磨作用。在磨损过程中,渗硫层促进了摩擦表面氧化物的形成。厚度适当的渗层可使边界润滑膜中的硫氧比处于最优范围,使表面承载能力提高。同时其对磨面的磨损也有所降低。     

离子渗氮和离子渗硫复合处理表面的摩察学性能

在45钢离子渗氮表面,用低温离子渗硫技术形成具有良好固体润滑作用的渗硫层。采用SEM+EDX和XRD研究了渗层的组织结构。采用销盘式磨损试验机在油润滑条件下对原始、渗氮、渗硫以及渗氮渗硫复合处理表面进行了抗擦伤性能及耐磨性能的系统研究,并采用EDX和AES分析了摩擦表面边界润滑膜的成分。结果表明渗硫和渗氮处理均只能在低速条件下提高表面的抗擦伤性能,而复合处理能在各种速度条件下显著提高抗擦伤性能。复合处理表面的耐磨性也明显优于渗硫和渗氮表面,但其对磨面的磨损却更为严重．甚至高于原始表面。     

离子渗氮和离子渗硫复合处理表面的摩擦学性能

在４５钢离子渗氮表面,用低温郭了渗硫技术形成具有良好固体润滑作用的渗硫层。采用ＳＥＭ＋ＥＤＸ和ＸＲＤ研究了渗层的组织结构,采用销盘式磨损试验机在油润滑条件下,对原始、渗氮、渗硫以及渗氮渗硫复合处理表面进行了抗擦伤性能及耐磨性能的系统研究。并采用ＥＤＸ和ＡＥＳ分析了摩擦表面边界润滑膜的成分。结果表明：渗硫和渗氮处理均只能在低还条件下提高表面的抗擦伤性能。而复合处理能在各种速度条件下显著提高抗擦伤     

铁基含油轴承材料表面硫化改性及摩擦学性能

为改善边界润滑工况下铁基含油轴承材料的摩擦学性能,采用低温液体渗硫技术在材料表面形成一层固体渗硫层,微观检测渗硫层形貌与成分,并在端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行摩擦学实验,分析其摩擦磨损性能与自润滑机理。结果表明:渗硫层中固体润滑剂的主要成分为FeS,硫化物沿着基体孔道由材料表面向内部扩散,渗硫层的厚度约为15μm;与未硫化材料相比,硫化材料的摩擦因数明显降低,且硫化时间越长,轴承表面渗硫层的减摩性能越好;表面硫化改性后,利用轴承基体多孔含油与表面渗硫层的液固协同润滑作用,其综合摩擦磨损性能比单纯固体润滑或单纯油润滑的减摩性能都要好,边界润滑工况下的抗擦伤、抗咬合性能得到改善。     

灰铸铁表面渗硫层的摩擦磨损性能

通过低温离子渗硫技术和化学转化技术,分别在灰铸铁表面制备固体润滑层渗硫层和磷酸盐层,采用SEM-EDS、XRD、纳米压痕仪、X射线应力分析仪分析了两种固体润滑层表面的组成元素、组织结构、厚度、硬度、残余应力及磨痕形貌,通过摩擦磨损试验对比研究了灰铸铁基材及表面固体润滑层的减摩耐磨性能,并用三维白光干涉仪对摩擦磨损试验后的磨痕体积进行分析。结果表明,灰铸铁表面磷酸盐层及渗硫层表面的多孔结构都具备储油润滑的特性,但渗流层的表面硬度及残余压应力都比磷酸盐层高,且渗硫层是活性硫原子渗入到基体内而形成的具有减摩润滑作用的共价键化合物FeS,而且灰铸铁基体与渗硫层的对磨过程中还伴有活性硫原子的转移及重组的动态平衡过程。因此在同等试验条件下,与磷酸盐层相比,渗硫层的摩擦因数降低了23.5%,渗硫层的磨损量降低了31.6%,即渗硫层的减摩耐磨性能比磷酸盐层更优,压缩机内零部件渗硫处理后的能效(COP)提升效果显著。     

45钢室温渗硫及其渗硫层的摩擦磨损性能

通过室温化学渗硫技术在45钢表面制备渗硫层,采用M-200型摩擦磨损试验机评价了渗硫层在定载荷和变载荷下的摩擦磨损性能,用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪观察并分析了渗硫层的形貌、结构、物相组成及其磨痕形貌。结果表明,通过室温化学渗硫后,45钢表面形成一层渗硫层,经过30 mim,渗硫层厚度约为4μm,渗硫层主要物相为FeS,还有少量Fe1-xS和氧化物。渗硫层减摩耐磨效果明显,有效改善钢的粘着磨损特性。     

45钢表面离子渗硫层组成与减摩过程的研究

应用SEM、EDS、AES及XPS等分析方法对45钢表面离子渗硫层的组成结构的研究结果表明,渗硫层由沉积于基体表面的硫化物沉积层与少量硫元素渗入基体表层形成的扩散层组成,硫化物沉积层中主要生成了FeS及少量的FeS2,硫化物扩散层中主要形成了FeS.渗硫层的结构组成与减摩性能实验结果结合说明,离子渗硫表面的摩擦因数与未渗表面相比始终较低,是因为离子渗硫层的硫化物沉积层与硫化物扩散层分别在摩擦过程中的不同阶段发挥了减摩润滑作用,且摩擦表面始终存在分解再生的硫化物.     

CrMoCu合金铸铁离子渗硫层的摩擦学性能研究

利用MM-200摩擦磨损试验机,在油润滑条件下对CrMoCu合金铸铁表面离子渗硫层的摩擦学性能进行了研究.结果表明,在油润滑条件下,渗硫试样的摩擦学性能优于未处理试样.利用扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了渗硫层表面微观形貌和相组成.研究表明,渗硫层中微小"毛细管"的存在,使其表面具有超常储油功能,从而使渗硫层具有良好的减摩、耐磨性能.     

基于纳米晶的低温离子渗硫层油润滑条件下摩擦磨损性能

利用预压力滚压技术在堆焊修复层表面制备纳米晶层,用低温离子渗硫技术在纳米晶层表面制备Fe S固体润滑膜。利用CETR-3型多功能摩擦磨损试验机考察油润滑条件下堆焊层表面纳米晶/Fe S复合层的摩擦磨损性能。采用SEM、EDS、XRD和XPS对摩擦磨损前后的硫化层微观组织结构进行分析。结果表明:与原始低温离子渗硫层相比,基于纳米晶的渗硫层厚度增加了40%,硫化层更为密实,基于纳米晶的低温离子渗硫层摩擦因数明显降低,磨损量降低40%左右,承载能力明显提高。耐磨减摩性能提高是纳米晶层作用的结果,基于纳米晶的硫化层硫化物含量较高,Fe S相所占比例较高,高硬度的纳米晶层为表面润滑层起到良好的支撑,对于减摩性能的提高起到积极作用。     

等离子喷涂硫化亚铁润滑层的摩擦学性能

利用等离子喷涂在 45钢表面制备了三种厚度不同的硫化亚铁固体润滑层。在QP 1 0 0摩擦磨损试验机上测定了硫化亚铁喷涂层在油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能。利用XRD分析了硫化亚铁喷涂层的相结构 ,用SEM观察了喷涂层的磨面形貌。结果表明 ,硫化亚铁喷涂层的减摩、耐磨、抗擦伤性能明显优于 45钢原始表面。     

Evaluation offing surfaces with several coatings for friction, wear and scuffing life

Friction and wear of the sliding components in an automobile cause an increase in both fuel consumption and emission. Many engine components involved with sliding contact are all susceptible to scuffing failure at some points during their operating period. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effects of various surface coatings on the tribological characteristics of the piston ring and cylinder block surface of a diesel engine. Wear and scuffing tests were conducted using a friction and wear measurement of the piston ring and cylinder block in a low friction diesel engine. The frictional forces, wear amounts and cycles to scuffing in the boundary lubricated sliding condition were measured using the reciprocating wear tester. The tester used a piece of the cylinder block as the reciprocating specimen and a segment of the piston ring material as the fixed pin. Several coatings on the ring specimen were used, such as DLC, TiN, Cr-ceramic and TiAlN, in order to improve the tribological characteristics of the ring. The coefficients of friction were monitored during the tests, and the wear volumes of the piston ring surfaces with various coatings were compared. Test results show that the DLC coating exhibits better tribological properties than the other coatings. The graphite structure of this coating is responsible for the low friction and wear of the DLC film. The TiN and DLC coatings show better scuffing resistance than the other coatings. The TiN and Cr-ceramic coated rings show good wear resistance and high friction.     

氮碳氧复合处理(QPQ)对MPS700A钢组织与性能的影响

采用氮碳氧复合处理(QPQ)技术对耐蚀耐热不锈钢MPS700A钢进行表面改性,分别进行(450～500) ℃×5 h和(550～570) ℃×3 h盐浴氮碳共渗试验,氧化处理工艺均为400 ℃×30 min。对QPQ处理后试样渗层的表面形貌、表面硬度、脆性及其耐磨性进行了分析。结果表明:渗层主要由氧化膜层、疏松层、化合物层和扩散层构成,QPQ处理后试样的硬度明显提高,相对低温段490 ℃盐浴氮碳共渗试样的硬度最高,相对高温段550 ℃处理的试样硬度最高,分别为1295、1344 HV0.1,分别是基体硬度的3.75和3.90倍。QPQ处理试样的渗层组织细小,均匀致密,脆性低,耐磨性好,比祼钢具有较好的高温摩擦磨损性能,尤其在500 ℃以上性能更加优异。且与550 ℃盐浴氮碳共渗QPQ试样相比,490 ℃盐浴氮碳共渗QPQ试样具有更低的脆性,更好的高温摩擦磨损性能。     

Wear and transfer characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites under water lubrication

The tribological characteristics of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites under distilled-water-lubricated-sliding and dry-sliding against stainless steel were comparatively investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to examine composite microstructures and modes of failure. The typical chemical states of elements of the transfer film on the stainless steel were examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Wear testing and SEM analysis show that all the composites hold the lowered friction coefficient and show much better wear resistance under water lubricated sliding against stainless steel than those under dry sliding. The wear of composites is characterized by plastic deformation, scuffing, micro cracking, and spalling under both dry-sliding and water lubricated conditions. Plastic deformation, scuffing, micro cracking, and spalling, however, are significantly abated under water-lubricated condition. XPS analysis conforms that none of the materials produces transfer films on the stainless steel counterface with the type familiar from dry sliding, and the transfer of composites onto the counterpart ring surface is significantly hindered while the oxidation of the stainless steel is speeded under water lubrication. The composites hinder transfer onto the steel surface and the boundary lubricating action of water accounts for the much smaller wear rate under water lubrication compared with that under dry sliding. The easier transfer of the composite onto the counterpart steel surface accounts for the larger wear rate of the polymer composite under dry sliding.     

W360热作模具钢渗硫的渗层组织及抗擦伤性能

目的基于硫化处理能够减弱摩擦界面"咬合力"的特点,通过低温液体工艺对Bohler W360热作模具钢进行了渗硫处理,以期进一步改善模具抗擦伤性能。方法采用硫粉、氢氧化钠和去离子水三元碱性渗剂体系,设计不同的硫含量,以研究硫浓度对渗层组织的影响,利用SEM-EDS和XRD对渗硫层形貌和结构进行分析,通过洛氏硬度计和MRH-3A高速环块磨损试验机,分别对渗硫前后材料的表面硬度和摩擦磨损性能进行检测和评价。结果通过低温液体渗硫工艺,W360模具钢表面渗硫层因硫含量不同而分别形成了"板结"结构和"微颗粒+空隙"结构,XRD结果表明渗硫层由Fe S和Fe S2构成。硬度测试显示,渗硫后,W360模具钢的表面硬度未发生变化(52~53HRC),与原始硬度一致。但摩擦磨损试验数据表明,硫化处理可以显著降低摩擦初期W360钢的摩擦系数,磨损失重和磨痕宽度等数据揭示硫质量分数为1.5%时,抗擦伤性最佳。结论低温液体渗硫工艺通过降低模具钢表面摩擦系数,能够提高材料的抗擦伤性能,渗剂中硫元素的含量对渗层组织和抗擦伤性能有显著的影响。     

Study On the Tribological Behavior of the Arc-added Glow Discharge Plasma Non-hydrogen Carburization On Titanium Alloy Surfaces

This paper introduces a new titanium alloys surface strengthening treatment by using the arc-added glow discharge plasmas non-hydrogen carburization technique. High purity and high strength graphite is selected as cooling cathode arc source for supplying carbon atoms and particle, which migrate to the titanium alloy(Ti6Al4V) surface and form modified layer. Thus, the hydrogen embrittlement is avoided while the tfibological behavior of the titanium alloy surface is improved in the respects of anti-friction and anti-wear ability.The tribological behavior of the modified layer under dry sliding against SAE52100 steel was evaluated on a ball-on-disc test rig. The results showed that the modified layer obtained a thickness of 30μm at 980℃, 30minutes. The microhardness of the Ti6Al4V alloy surface attained 936 HV, which was much larger than that of the Ti6AI4V alloy. The Ti6AI4V alloy was characterized by adhesion wear and scuffing under dry sliding against the steel, while the surface modified layer experienced much abated adhesion wear and scuffing under the same testing condition. This could be attributed to the carbon dement with different modalities exists in the modified layer.The modified layer showed good friction-reducing and fair anti-wear ability in dry sliding against the steel. Using the SEM,XRD and XPS, the phase structure and morphology of the carburization modified layer was analyzed.     

The study on lubrication action with water vapor as coolant and lubricant in cutting ANSI 304 stainless steel

Water vapor is a new type of environmental friendly coolant and lubricant. In this study, the friction test was carried out by using the water vapor as lubricant, and the friction pair was made of cement carbide K20 and ANSI 304 stainless steel. In order to study the lubricating action of water vapor as coolant and lubricant in cutting ANSI 304 stainless steel, experiments were carried out with K20 cutter. Through chemical state analyses of elements on tool–chip interface by means of XPS and Gibbs free energy calculation, the chemical reaction process was discussed between water molecule, oxygen atom and fresh tool–chip interface. Experimental results showed that an adsorption film and a tribo-chemical reaction film are formed on the tool–chip surfaces due to its excellent penetration performance and ability to form boundary lubrication layer. The multi-dimensional metal-oxide formed during the reaction weaken the mutual action between tool bulk material and chip. The cutting force and tool flank wear are reduced rapidly, and hence the tool wear is reduced about 50–75% compared with dry machining.     

MoS2/Pb-Ti多层薄膜的结构和摩擦学性能

目的 设计MoS2/Pb-Ti多层薄膜,改善真空和大气环境下的摩擦学性能。方法 采用磁控溅射技术沉积MoS2/Pb-Ti多层薄膜,通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射(XRD)、纳米压痕仪、真空和大气摩擦磨损实验,分别评价MoS2/Pb-Ti多层薄膜的表面形貌、微观结构、力学性能、真空和大气环境下的摩擦学性能,并通过光学显微镜、能谱仪（EDS）、Raman光谱仪对磨痕及磨斑进行分析。结果 随着MoS2层厚度的增加,MoS2/Pb-Ti多层薄膜的表面颗粒逐渐细化,变得更加光滑。同时,微观结构由金属相主导转变为由MoS2相主导,弹性模量逐渐降低,硬度则先升高后降低。在真空环境下,MoS2/Pb-Ti多层薄膜的摩擦系数低至0.01,磨损率低至2.2×10?7 mm3/(N?m),大气环境下摩擦系数低至0.07左右,磨损率低至2.7×10?7 mm3/(N?m)。 结论 在真空摩擦磨损实验中,MoS2层厚度过薄时,MoS2/Pb-Ti多层薄膜的磨损机制为粘着磨损,MoS2层厚度增加有助于形成稳定的转移膜,使得摩擦磨损大幅降低。在大气摩擦磨损实验中,Ti保护MoS2的结构免于H2O和O2的破坏,使体系具有低而稳定的摩擦磨损。     

一种船用低温钢板在干态室温下的往复摩擦特性研究

目的研究新型船用低温钢板的摩擦磨损性能。方法采用UMT-2型多功能摩擦磨损实验机,测试了船用低温钢板在室温干态环境、不同载荷(10、20、30 N)、不同频率(2、5 Hz)下的往复摩擦试验行为。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了船用低温钢板的磨痕表面形貌,用光学轮廓仪分析了磨损表面轮廓,用EDS对试样磨损表面进行了成分分析。结果随着试验法向载荷从10 N增加到30 N时,船用低温钢板的摩擦系数从0.51逐渐增加到0.63,磨损率先增加后降低,再逐渐增加。在相同载荷下,摩擦系数随着往复频率的提高而降低。载荷为30 N时,往复频率为5 Hz,摩擦2 h后,磨损断面轮廓宽度和深度分别为750μm和3871 nm。接触面从磨粒磨损转向疲劳磨损,接触面出现氧化层、表面硬化层和转移层。结论载荷较低时,船用低温钢磨损主要为氧化磨损和疲劳磨损;载荷增大时,接触面磨损出现疲劳磨损。同等载荷下,摩擦系数会随着移动速度的提高有所下降,接触面在摩擦热作用下形成的金属膜有助于降低表面粗糙度,减小摩擦系数。     

不锈钢等离子渗铪并固体渗碳后的高温摩擦性能

目的提高0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢的抗高温摩擦性能。方法利用等离子渗金属技术在不锈钢表面等离子渗铪,之后进行固体渗碳,在HT-500型球-盘磨损试验机上进行高温摩擦磨损实验,分析其高温摩擦性能及摩擦机制,并与不锈钢基体试样及不锈钢渗铪试样进行对比。结果渗铪试样的渗层厚度约为45μm,渗铪+渗碳试样的渗层厚度达100μm。渗铪+渗碳层弥散分布着许多粒状和短棒状碳化物颗粒,碳化物类型主要为MC型、M7C3型和M23C6型。基材的摩擦曲线波动起伏大;渗铪试样的摩擦系数较大,但磨损微观表现平稳;渗铪+渗碳试样的摩擦系数最小。磨损失重由大到小依次为:基材渗铪试样渗铪+渗碳试样。在300,500℃下,渗铪试样的耐磨性相对基材分别提高至1.47倍和1.94倍,渗铪+渗碳试样分别提高至2.13和2.28倍。基材划痕尺寸宽且较深;渗铪试样的表面硬度提高,且摩擦磨损过程中出现了合金氧化物;渗铪+渗碳试样的表面硬度高,基体韧性好,仅出现了很浅且窄的磨痕。结论通过等离子渗铪及离子渗铪+固体渗碳,均能提高不锈钢表面的抗高温摩擦性能,相比之下,离子渗铪+固体渗碳的效果更好。