矩形件无约束二维板材剪切的4块排样算法

针对矩形件无约束二维板材剪切排样问题,提出一种新的4块排样方式及其生成算法.该排样方式将板材划分成4个块,对每个块,按照递归方式进行排样.选择一行同种矩形件放置在块的左下角,沿着这行矩形件的上边界和右边界将该块剩余部分划分成两个更小的子块以待进一步递归考察.首先,构造动态规划算法一次性生成所有可能尺寸的块中矩形件的递归...     

二维剪切排样的束搜索启发式算法

针对约束二维矩形剪切排样问题,提出了一种基于束搜索的三阶段剪切排样算法。其切割过程包括三个阶段：板材剪切成段,段剪切成条带,条带切割成准确尺寸毛坯。采用动态规划确定段的价值,复杂度低的拼接递推不同长度子板的初始价值和板材的初始可行解,束搜索优化板材的排样方式。束搜索的节点用矩形对表示,分别是段组合而成的局部方式和未填充的剩余子板。以局部方式价值与剩余子板的初始价值之和作为节点的估计值。按估计值选择精英节点继续分支,其他节点直接删除不再回溯。实验结果表明该算法可缩短三阶段同质排样的计算时间,且所获得的余料大,利于余料的回收管理和再利用。     

单一尺寸矩形毛坯排样时长板的最优分割

讨论了存在剪刃长度约束时单一尺寸矩形毛坯的优化排样问题,将板材分割成多张子板,通过优化确定子板张数、各子板长度和毛坯在各子板上的排列,使事 板材中所含毛坯数达到最大;并对Agrawal提出的单一尺寸矩形毛了优化排样方法进行扩展,构造出一种分支定界方法,用于解决长板最优分割问题,实验计算结果表明,所述算法非常有效;最后给出了例题数据的排样结果,与企业的通常做法相比较,说明了采用本方法的节材潜力。     

基于两段排样方式的矩形件优化下料算法

针对矩形件下料问题,提出一种基于两段排样方式的优化下料算法。首先构造一 种约束排样算法,生成矩形件在板材上的两段排样方式。然后采用列生成算法依据矩形件剩余 需求量迭代调用上述约束排样算法生成一个虚拟下料方案,按照不产生多余矩形件原则选取虚 拟下料方案中的部分排样方式加入到实际下料方案中,更新矩形件剩余需求量;重复上述步骤 直到矩形件剩余需求量为零。采用文献中基准例题将该算法与2 种文献算法进行比较,数值实 验结果表明该算法下料利用率比2 种文献算法分别高1.61%和0.78%。     

改进的矩形毛坯三块排样方式及其算法

致力于改进矩形毛坯三块排样方式的生成算法,采用三种策略缩小解的搜索范围,并将该算法与线性规划相结合形成排样方案生成算法,用于求解大规模矩形毛坯排样问题.通过实验证明,与二阶段、T形、两段、三阶段排样算法相比,排样方案生成算法生成的排样方案虽然板材利用率稍低,但排样方案简单,能够简化切割工艺.     

矩形毛坯最优三块排样的新算法

针对矩形毛坯二维下料问题,提出采用三块排样的下料算法,以达到最小化板材消耗量和简化切割工艺的目标。该算法将列生成法和排样方式生成算法相结合,生成一个含多个排样方式(排样图)的集合,然后通过解整数规划问题获得各个排样方式的使用次数。排样方式生成算法通过构造并求解整数规划模型,求出最优三块排样。采用的三块排样,切割工艺简单,能有效提高切割效率。实验结果表明,该算法可以明显减少板材消耗。     

矩形件带排样的一种遗传算法

采用遗传算法解决矩形件带排样问题,用带符号的有序整数串作为初始种群个体,改善了初始个体解的质量．提出基于最低水平线的择优插入算法,在解码过程中动态地调整个体中的零件顺序,选取最适合的零件进行填充,使零件排放紧凑,提高了材料的利用率．对20多道基准排样例题的实验计算结果表明,文中算法速度快,所得排样方案的材料利用率高．最后提出利用该算法解决VLSI模块布局问题的方法框架．     

矩形件排样问题的遗传算法求解

本文研究了求解矩形件正交排样优化问题的遗传算法。同时，将矩形件正交排样问题转化为一个排列问题，提出了求一个排列所对应的排样图的下台阶算法（改进的ＢＬ算法）将下台阶算法与遗传算法相结合，用于矩形件排样问题的求解，给出了该算法的实现。用该算法对文献中的两个算例进行了求解，结果表明该算法获得了比ＢＬ算法更好的解，是一种较为行之有效的方法。     

基于五块模式的单一矩形件排样算法

如何在一个大矩形里排入尽可能多的单一规格小矩形件是广泛出现在制造业领域 的板材分割、物流业领域的集装箱装载中的问题。采用五块模式将大矩形划分为五个块,求解 每个块里面矩形件的排样方式。首先,采用动态规划算法一次性生成所有块中矩形件排样方式, 然后,采用隐式枚举法考虑所有可能的五块组合,选择包含矩形件个数最多的五块组合作为最 终的排样方案。使用算例对算法进行了测试,并与另外4 种单一排样算法进行了比较。实验结 果表明,该算法在排样利用率和切割工艺两方面都有效,而且计算时间合理。     

长板单一尺寸矩形毛坯定长分割优化排样

讨论剪刃长度小于金属板材长度，单一尺寸矩形毛坯的优化排样问题。将长板分割成多块子板，除最后一块外，所有子板具有相同的长度与相同的毛坯排列。通过对Agrawal提出的单一尺寸矩形毛坯最优化排样方法进行扩展，使之适用于确定最优的子板长度，实验计算结果表明所述算法非常有效，给出例题数据的排样结果，并和企业的通常作法相比较，说明采用该方法的节材潜力。     

Exact algorithms for the two-dimensional guillotine knapsack

The two-dimensional knapsack problem requires to pack a maximum profit subset of “small” rectangular items into a unique “large” rectangular sheet. Packing must be orthogonal without rotation, i.e., all the rectangle heights must be parallel in the packing, and parallel to the height of the sheet. In addition, we require that each item can be unloaded from the sheet in stages, i.e., by unloading simultaneously all items packed at the same either y or x coordinate. This corresponds to use guillotine cuts in the associated cutting problem.In this paper we present a recursive exact procedure that, given a set of items and a unique sheet, constructs the set of associated guillotine packings. Such a procedure is then embedded into two exact algorithms for solving the guillotine two-dimensional knapsack problem. The algorithms are computationally evaluated on well-known benchmark instances from the literature.The C++ source code of the recursive procedure is available upon request from the authors.     

An efficient heuristic algorithm for arbitrary shaped rectilinear block packing problem

Arbitrary shaped rectilinear block packing problem is a problem of packing a series of rectilinear blocks into a larger rectangular container, where arbitrary shaped rectilinear block is a polygonal block whose interior angle is either 90° or 270°. This problem involves many industrial applications, such as VLSI design, timber cutting, textile industry and layout of newspaper. Many algorithms based on different strategies have been presented to solve it. In this paper, we proposed an efficient heuristic algorithm which is based on principles of corner-occupying action and caving degree describing the quality of packing action. The proposed algorithm is tested on six instances from literatures and the results are rather satisfying. The computational results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is rather efficient for solving the arbitrary shaped rectilinear block packing problem.     

二维板材切割下料问题的一种确定性算法

研究二维板材切割下料问题,即使用最少板材切割出一定数量的若干种矩形件。 提出一种结合背包算法和线性规划算法的确定性求解算法。首先构造生成均匀条带四块排样方 式的背包算法;然后采用线性规划算法迭代调用上述背包算法,每次均根据生产成本最小原则 改善目标函数并修正各种矩形件的当前价值,按照当前价值生成新的排样方式;最后选择最优 的一组排样方式组成排样方案。采用基准测题,将该算法与著名的T 型下料算法进行比较,实 验结果表明,该算法比T 型下料算法更能节省板材,计算时间能够满足实际应用需要。     

生成矩形毛坯最优T形排样方式的递归算法

讨论矩形毛坯无约束两维剪切排样问题．采用由条带组成的T形排样方式，切割工艺简单．排样时用一条分界线将板材分成2段，同一段中所有条带的方向和长度都相同．一段含水平条带．另一段含竖直条带．采用递归算法确定分界线的最优位置以及每段中条带的最优组合．以便使下料利用率达到最高．采用大量随机生成的例题进行实验，结果表明该算法在计算时间和提高材料利用率2方面都较有效．     

Algorithms for 3D guillotine cutting problems: Unbounded knapsack, cutting stock and strip packing

We present algorithms for the following three-dimensional (3D) guillotine cutting problems: unbounded knapsack, cutting stock and strip packing. We consider the case where the items have fixed orientation and the case where orthogonal rotations around all axes are allowed. For the unbounded 3D knapsack problem, we extend the recurrence formula proposed by [1] for the rectangular knapsack problem and present a dynamic programming algorithm that uses reduced raster points. We also consider a variant of the unbounded knapsack problem in which the cuts must be staged. For the 3D cutting stock problem and its variants in which the bins have different sizes (and the cuts must be staged), we present column generation-based algorithms. Modified versions of the algorithms for the 3D cutting stock problems with stages are then used to build algorithms for the 3D strip packing problem and its variants. The computational tests performed with the algorithms described in this paper indicate that they are useful to solve instances of moderate size.     

A new heuristic algorithm for rectangle packing

The rectangle packing problem often appears in encasement and cutting as well as very large-scale integration design. To solve this problem, many algorithms such as genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and other heuristic algorithms have been proposed. In this paper, a new heuristic algorithm is recommended based on two important concepts, namely, the corner-occupying action and caving degree. Twenty-one rectangle-packing instances are tested by the algorithm developed, 16 of which having achieved optimum solutions within reasonable runtime. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm developed is fairly efficient for solving the rectangle packing problem.     

生成矩形毛坯最优两段排样方式的确定型算法

排样价值、切割工艺和计算时间是排样问题主要考虑的3个因素.文中提出一个新的基于排样模式的确定型排样算法——同质块两段排样算法,此算法适合剪冲下料工艺,在实现工艺简化的同时提高了排样价值时间比.首先通过动态规划算法生成最优同质块,然后求解一维背包问题生成块在级中的最优排样方式和级在段中的最优排样方式,最后选择两个段生成最优的两段排样方式.通过3组经典测题对该文算法进行了测试,将算法与4种著名算法进行了比较.实验结果表明,该文算法的优化结果好于以上4种著名算法,有效地提高了板材利用率,并且计算时间合理.     

A genetic algorithm for the two-dimensional knapsack problem with rectangular pieces

Given a set of rectangular pieces and a rectangular container, the two-dimensional knapsack problem (2D-KP) consists of orthogonally packing a subset of the pieces within the container such that the sum of the values of the packed pieces is maximized. If the value of a piece is given by its area, the objective is to maximize the covered area of the container. A genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed addressing the guillotine case of the 2D-KP as well as the non-guillotine case. Moreover, an orientation constraint may optionally be taken into account and the given piece set may be constrained or unconstrained. The GA is subjected to an extensive test using well-known benchmark instances. Compared with recently published methods, the GA yields competitive results.     

A New PSO-based Algorithm for Two-Dimensional Non-Guillotine Non-Oriented Cutting Stock Problem

In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed for the two-dimensional non-guillotine non-oriented cutting stock problem. The considered problem consists of cutting small rectangular pieces of predetermined sizes from large but finite rectangular plates. The objective is to generate cutting patterns that minimize the unused area and fulfill customer orders. The proposed algorithm is a combination of a new particle swarm optimization approach with a heuristic criterion inspired from the literature. The algorithm is tested on twenty-two instances divided into two sets. Corresponding results show the algorithm efficiency in optimizing the trim loss that is comprised between 2.6% and 7.8% for all considered instances.