压缩传感在无线视频监控中的应用研究*

图像采集数据量大是制约视频监控系统向无线化方向发展的主要因素,提出利用压缩传感进行视频图像的采样,为无线视频监控带来一种新的应用研究。为了减少图像稀疏分解过程的计算量和存储量,在匹配追踪算法的基础上,引入量子遗传算法,实现快速的图像稀疏表示。以Fourier矩阵作为压缩传感的测量矩阵,能有效减少测量数据量,并提高重构图像的质量。仿真实验证明,采用压缩传感所得到的测量数据量远小于传统采样方法所获的数据量,突破了传统信号采样的瓶颈,提高了采样效率,最终获取的压缩测量值能够很好地恢复为监控场景。     

基于图像传感器的上下文快速压缩感知算法

针对快速压缩感知算法在目标被遮挡、光照变化较大时存在跟踪不稳定的问题,提出了基于图像传感器的上下文快速压缩感知跟踪（ FCT）算法。新算法首先在Haar-like特征中引入时空上下文特征,通过目标周围的空间信息和时间上的递推关系协助估计目标的位置。通过改进的随机测量矩阵同时提取目标的纹理特征和灰度特征,加强了特征的稳定性,提高跟踪的准确性。通过方差分类器预判定候选样本,减少判定的次数,并减少错误的候选样本。改进的FCT算法对光照、旋转、尺度缩放都有良好的不变性,且不易发生跟踪漂移。实验证明：改进的FCT算法优于压缩感知跟踪（ CT）算法和FCT算法。     

Adaptive compressive sensing based sample scheduling mechanism for wireless sensor networks

Sample scheduling is a crucial issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The design objectives of efficient sample scheduling are in general two-folds: to achieve a low sample rate and also high sensing quality. Recently, compressive sensing (CS) has been regarded as an effective paradigm for achieving high sensing quality at a low sample rate. However, most existing work in the area of CS for WSNs use fixed sample rates, which may make sensor nodes in a WSN unable to capture significant changes of target phenomenon, unless the sample rate is sufficiently high, and thus degrades the sensing quality. In this paper, to pursue high sensing quality at low sample rate, we propose an adaptive CS based sample scheduling mechanism (ACS) for WSNs. ACS estimates the minimum required sample rate subject to given sensing quality on a per-sampling-window basis and accordingly adjusts sensors’ sample rates. ACS can be useful in many applications such as environment monitoring, and spectrum sensing in cognitive sensor networks. Extensive trace-driven experiments are conducted and the numerical results show that ACS can obtain high sensing quality at low sample rate.     

A new wavelet based efficient image compression algorithm using compressive sensing

We propose a new algorithm for image compression based on compressive sensing (CS). The algorithm starts with a traditional multilevel 2-D Wavelet decomposition, which provides a compact representation of image pixels. We then introduce a new approach for rearranging the wavelet coefficients into a structured manner to formulate sparse vectors. We use a Gaussian random measurement matrix normalized with the weighted average Root Mean Squared energies of different wavelet subbands. Compressed sampling is finally performed using this normalized measurement matrix. At the decoding end, the image is reconstructed using a simple ?₁-minimization technique. The proposed wavelet-based CS reconstruction, with the normalized measurement matrix, results in performance increase compared to other conventional CS-based techniques. The proposed approach introduces a completely new framework for using CS in the wavelet domain. The technique was tested on different natural images. We show that the proposed technique outperforms most existing CS-based compression methods.     

Adaptive image compression technique for wireless sensor networks

When using wireless sensor networks for real-time image transmission, some critical points should be considered. These points are limited computational power, storage capability, narrow bandwidth and required energy. Therefore, efficient compression and transmission of images in wireless sensor network is considered. To address the above mentioned concerns, an efficient adaptive compression scheme that ensures a significant computational and energy reduction as well as communication with minimal degradation of the image quality is proposed. This scheme is based on wavelet image transform and distributed image compression by sharing the processing of tasks to extend the overall lifetime of the network. Simulation results are presented and they show that the proposed scheme optimizes the network lifetime, reduces significantly the amount of the required memory and minimizes the computation energy by reducing the number of arithmetic operations and memory accesses.     

Recovery of image and video based on compressive sensing via tensor approximation and Spatio-temporal correlation

In recent years, block-based compressive sensing (BCS) has been extensively studied because it can reduce computational complexity and data storage by dividing the image into smaller patches, but the performance of the reconstruction algorithm is not satisfactory. In this paper, a new reconstruction model for image and video is proposed. The model makes full use of spatio-temporal correlation and utilizes low-rank tensor approximation to improve the quality of the reconstructed image and video. For image recovery, the proposed model obtains a low-rank approximation of a tensor formed by non-local similar patches, and improves the reconstruction quality from a spatial perspective by combining non-local similarity and low-rank property. For video recovery, the reconstruction process is divided into two phases. In the first phase, each frame of the video sequence is regarded as an independent image to be reconstructed by taking advantage of spatial property. The second phase performs tensor approximation through searching similar patches within frames near the target frame, to achieve reconstruction by putting the spatio-temporal correlation into full play. The resulting model is solved by an efficient Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. A series of experiments show that the quality of the proposed model is comparable to the current state-of-the-art recovery methods.

     

基于压缩感知的超分辨率图像重建

压缩感知(CS)利用图像稀疏表示的先验知识,从少量的观测值中重建出原始图像。将CS理论应用于单幅图像超分辨率(SR),提出一种基于两步迭代收缩算法和全变分(TV)稀疏表示的图像重建方法。该方法无需任何训练集,仅需单幅低分辨率实现图像重建。算法在测量矩阵里加入下采样低通滤波器以使SR问题满足应用CS理论的有限等距性质;采用TV正则化函数,利用两步迭代法引入TV去噪算子,可以更好地重建图像边缘。实验结果证明,与已有的超分辨率方法相比,在不同的放大倍数下所提方法重建图像视觉效果更好,在峰值信噪比(PSNR)的评价指标上有显著的提高(4~6dB),且实验证实滤波器的引入决定算法的重建质量。     

基于压缩感知的SAR图像鲁棒编码传输

目的 尽管传统的联合信源信道编码方案可以获得高效的压缩性能,但当信道恶化超过信道编码的纠错能力时会导致解码端重构性能的急剧下降;为此利用压缩感知的民主性提出一种鲁棒的SAR图像编码传输方案,且采用了一系列方法提高该方案的率失真性能。方法 考虑到SAR图像丰富的边缘信息,采用具有更强方向表示能力的方向提升小波变换(DLWT)对SAR图像进行稀疏表示,且为消除压缩感知中恢复非稀疏信号时存在的混叠效应,采用了稀疏滤波方法保证大系数的精确恢复,在解码端采用了高效的Bayesian重建算法获得图像的高性能重建。结果 在同等码率下,与传统的联合信源信道编码方案CCSDS-RS相比,本文方案可以实现更加鲁棒的编码传输,当丢包率达到0.05时,本文方案DSFB-CS获得的重建性能明显要高于CCSDS-RS;与基于Bayesian重建算法TSW-CS的传统方案相比,本文方案可提高峰值信噪比(PSNR)3.9 dB。结论 本文方案DSFB-CS 实现了SAR图像的鲁棒传输,随着丢包率的上升,DSFB-CS获得的重建性能缓慢下降,保证了面对不稳定信道时,解码端可以获得相对稳定的重构图像。     

基于压缩感知的无线传感器网络动态采样方法

基于固定采样率的无线传感网（WSN）压缩感知（CS）在收集随时间变化的数据时难以获得满意的数据恢复精度。针对该问题,提出了一种基于数据预测和采样率反馈控制的动态采样方法。首先,汇聚节点通过分析当前采样时段与上一采样时段获取数据的线性度量指标,预测数据的变化趋势;然后,根据预测结果计算感知节点未来的采样率,并通过反馈控制机制对感知节点的采样过程进行动态调节。实验结果表明,相比基于目前广泛采用的基于固定采样率的无线传感网压缩感知数据收集方法,该方法能够有效提高压缩数据的恢复精度。     

A parallel image encryption method based on compressive sensing

Recently, compressive sensing-based encryption methods which combine sampling, compression and encryption together have been proposed. However, since the quantized measurement data obtained from linear dimension reduction projection directly serve as the encrypted image, the existing compressive sensing-based encryption methods fail to resist against the chosen-plaintext attack. To enhance the security, a block cipher structure consisting of scrambling, mixing, S-box and chaotic lattice XOR is designed to further encrypt the quantized measurement data. In particular, the proposed method works efficiently in the parallel computing environment. Moreover, a communication unit exchanges data among the multiple processors without collision. This collision-free property is equivalent to optimal diffusion. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed encryption method not only achieves the remarkable confusion, diffusion and sensitivity but also outperforms the existing parallel image encryption methods with respect to the compressibility and the encryption speed.     

残差分布式视频压缩感知*

压缩感知(CS)是一种能同时进行数据采集和压缩的新理论,为简化编码算法提供了依据,同时,分布式视频编码(DVC)为低复杂度的视频编码提供了思路。因此,通过整合DVC和CS各自的特性以构建编码简单的视频编码框架,并采用残差技术来提高系统性能,最终提出了一种残差分布式视频压缩感知(RDCVS)算法:对关键帧进行传统的帧内编、解码;而对非关键帧,编码端采用一种基于残差联合稀疏模型的随机观测,解码端利用边信息和改进的梯度投影重建(GPSR)算法进行优化重构。由于将运动估计和变换编码等复杂度较高的运算转移到解码端进行,因而RDCVS保持了低复杂度的编码特性。实验结果表明,RDCVS算法比参考方案的恢复质量提高了2～3 dB。     

无线传感器网络中基于压缩感知的分簇数据收集算法

针对无线传感器网络(WSNs)能量有限、通信链路不可靠的特点,提出一种基于稀疏分块对角矩阵进行压缩感知的分簇(SBDMC)数据收集算法.该算法以稀疏分块对角矩阵作为观测矩阵以减少参与收集节点数目;采用分布式分簇路由实现数据的分布式收集;通过分析能耗模型得到最优簇头数目以减少网络能耗.在此基础上,给出一种有效的分簇路由数据收集算法.仿真分析表明:提出的算法较之已有算法可以减少通信能耗、延长网络寿命,同时均衡能耗负载.     

Adaptive compressive sensing for target tracking within wireless visual sensor networks-based surveillance applications

Wireless Visual Sensor Networks (WVSNs) have gained significant importance in the last few years and have emerged in several distinctive applications. The main aim is to design low power WVSN surveillance application using adaptive Compressive Sensing (CS) which is expected to overcome the WVSN resource constraints such as memory limitation, communication bandwidth and battery constraints. In this paper, an adaptive block CS technique is proposed and implemented to represent the high volume of captured images in a way for energy efficient wireless transmission and minimum storage. Furthermore, to achieve energy-efficient target detection and tracking with high detection reliability and robust tracking, to maximize the lifetime of sensor nodes as they can be left for months without any human interactions. Adaptive CS is expected to dynamically achieve higher compression rates depending on the sparsity nature of different datasets, while only compressing relative blocks in the image that contain the target to be tracked instead of compressing the whole image. Hence, saving power and increasing compression rates. Least mean square adaptive filter is used to predicts target’s next location to investigate the effect of CS on the tracking performance. The tracking is achieved in both indoor and outdoor environments for single/multi targets. Results have shown that with adaptive block CS up to 20 % measurements of data are required to be transmitted while preserving the required performance for target detection and tracking.     

基于多DSP的遥感图像压缩系统

遥感图像数据量大,而且不断增加,一般要求实时处理.针对这一特点,提出了基于4-DSP的积木式硬件体系结构来解决这一问题,并设计实现了高性能的遥感图像压缩原理样机.充分利用近邻居、远邻居和父子系数间的多种相关性进行预测,压缩算法性能优于SPIHT和JPEG2000,并被移植到原理样机上.最后,指出了系统应改进的方向.     

基于压缩感知的微分相衬CT迭代图像重建

X-射线相衬计算机断层成像(CT)通过X-射线穿过样品后相位信息的改变来得到高衬度的图像,特别适用于轻元素的成像,并且可以获得远高于传统吸收衬度CT的密度分辨率。基于光栅的微分相衬CT（DPC-CT）由于可以使用常规的X射线光源而有着巨大的临床应用前景,但DPC-CT成像的X-射线辐射剂量问题尤为突出,是其走向实际应用的瓶颈。针对上述不足,提出了一种微分相衬CT迭代图像重建算法（DD-L1）,该方法将压缩感知（CS）理论和CT迭代图像重建技术相结合并引入距离驱动（DD）的正/反投影运算计算策略。仿真实验结果表明,DD-L1算法能够在投影数据不完备的情况下得到较高质量的重建图像。     

压缩感知框架下基于ROMP算法的图像精确重构

在压缩感知框架下运用正则化正交匹配追踪(ROMP)算法进行图像重构时,迭代次数取值不合适会严重降低重构图像的质量。针对这一问题,提出了确定合理迭代次数的方法。将以往迭代得出的结果作为先验知识,获取具有不同稀疏程度图像块的最佳迭代次数,从而保证了整幅图像的重构质量。实验表明,该方法重构效果优于采用固定迭代次数的ROMP算法。     

基于压缩感知的声纳图像超分辨率重建算法

超分辨率重建通用方法中,图像分解后对应小波基只能有效稀疏表示单一成分,往往只侧重边缘成分而忽略了光滑成分等。针对这个问题,本文改进了一种基于压缩感知的声纳图像超分辨率重建算法。该算法基于三种不同稀疏字典小波变换模型,运用一种基于K-均值聚类算法的结构化字典训练法,并采用Newton-Raphson法进行迭代算法处理,实现声纳图像压缩感知的超分辨率重建。最后通过仿真实验,验证了此种算法的可行性和有效性。实验结果表明,该算法获得的超分辨率图像能够很好地重建并保持原图像的特征,能高效地改善并提高重建质量。     

An energy-efficient data gathering method based on compressive sensing for pervasive sensor networks

This paper proposes an energy-efficient data gathering method called CN-MSTP (Combining Minimum Spanning Tree with Interest Nodes) for pervasive wireless sensor networks, basing on Compressive sensing (CS) and data aggregation. The proposed CN-MSTP protocol selects different nodes at random as projection nodes, and sets each projection node as a root to construct a minimum spanning tree by combining with interest nodes. Projection node aggregates sensor reading from sensor nodes using compressive sensing. We extend our method by letting the sink node participate in the process of building a minimum tree and introduce eCN-MSTP. We compare our methods with the other methods. Simulation results indicate that our two methods outperform the other methods in overall energy consumption saving and load balance and hence prolong the lifetime of the network.