一种面向SVC的码率控制算法

H.264/AVC可伸缩性扩展视频编码系统(JSVM)提供了一种可伸缩视频编码(SVC)的解决方案,然而它本身并没有提供一种有效的码率控制算法.文中基于JSVM的分层预测结构,提出了一种全新的码率控制算法.首先在码率分配方面,考虑到分层B帧预测(或运动补偿时间域滤波(MCTF))结构,给出一种分层的码率分配方案;然后,针对不同类型和不同时间分解层各自的统计特性,分别为它们设计了不同的率失真(R-D)模型.实验结果表明,文中算法能够有效地控制码率,使得目标码率跟实际产生码率之间的偏差最大不超过2%;同时文中算法较大地提高了解码图像的质量,使得峰值信噪比(PSNR)在低码率端可提高1dB;另外,JSVM是通过不断调整量化参数(QP)使得实际产生的码率逐次逼近目标码率,较之这种尝试型的码率控制算法,文中基于模型的码率控制是在一次编码中产生最终的目标码率,从而大大降低了计算复杂度.     

H.264/SVC比特自适应分配的等级B帧码率控制算法

为减少码率控制中实际输出码率与目标码率之间的误差,改善视频序列编码尾部质量下降的缺陷,同时针对可伸缩视频编码中码率控制算法的不足,提出一种自适应比特分配的码率控制算法。算法基于对根据相邻图像帧之间的相关性以及对恒定质量的考虑,在图像组(GOP)之间平均分配目标比特,而在GOP内部则根据编码复杂度自适应分配目标比特,同时适当调整初始量化参数(QP),再根据目标比特分别计算P帧、B帧的QP。对不同的视频序列进行了实验测试,其结果验证了算法的准确性和有效性。     

Low-delay rate control for real-time H.264/AVC video coding

This paper presents an efficient rate control scheme for the H.264/AVC video coding in low-delay environments. In our scheme, we propose an enhancement to the buffer-status based H.264/AVC bit allocation method. The enhancement is by using a PSNR-based frame complexity estimation to improve the existing mean absolute difference based (MAD-based) complexity measure. Bit allocation to each frame is not just computed by encoder buffer status but also adjusted by a combined frame complexity measure. To prevent the buffer from undesirable overflow or underflow under small buffer size constraint in low delay environment,the computed quantization parameter (QP) for the current MB is adjusted based on actual encoding results at that point. We also propose to compare the bits produced by each mode with the average target bits per MB to dynamically modify Lagrange multiplier (/spl lambda//sub MODE/) for mode decision. The objective of QP and /spl lambda//sub MODE/ adjustment is to produce bits as close to the frame target as possible, which is especially important for low delay applications. Simulation results show that the H.264 coder, using our proposed scheme, obtains significant improvement for the mismatch ratio of target bits and actual bits in all testing cases, achieves a visual quality improvement of about 0.6 dB on the average, performs better for buffer overflow and underflow,and achieves a similar or smaller PSNR deviation.     

Perceptual importance analysis-based rate control method for HEVC

High efficiency video coding (HEVC) has achieved high coding efficiency as the video coding standard. For rate control in HEVC, the conventional R-λ scheme is based on mean absolute difference in allocating bits; however, the scheme does not fully utilize the perceptual importance variation to guide rate control, thus the subjective and objective quality of coded videos has room to improve. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a rate control scheme that considers perceptual importance. We first develop a perceptual importance analysis scheme to accurately abstract the spatial and temporal perceptual importance maps of video contents. The results of the analysis are then used to guide the bit allocation. Utilizing this model, a region-level bit allocation procedure is developed to maintain video quality balance. Subsequently, a largest coding unit (LCU)-level bit allocation scheme is designed to obtain the target bit of each LCU. To achieve a more accurate bitrate, an improved R-λ model based on the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno model is utilized to update the R-λ parameter. The experimental results showed that our method not only improved subjective and objective video quality with lower bitrate errors compared to the original RC in HEVC, but also outperformed state-of-the-art methods.

     

Effective macroblock layer rate control algorithm for H.264/AVC

Rate control plays a critical role in the video encoder. In this paper, an effective macroblock (MB) layer rate control algorithm is proposed for H.264/AVC to improve video quality and reduce the computational complexity. By thoroughly analyzing the temporal–spatial correlation and object direction, the mean absolute difference (MAD) value of current MB is a weighted combination of temporal MAD predicted by previous frame and spatial MAD predicted by current frame, and then four directional patterns are chosen adaptively for data point selection in quadratic rate-quantization (R-Q) model parameters estimation. Finally, a more accurate header bits prediction model is developed to improve the accuracy of allocated bits which can be used for quantization parameter (QP) calculation. Extensive experiment results show that compared with JVT-G012, the proposed algorithm achieves higher average peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) up to 0.51 dB improvements and more accurate target bit rates.     

通用率失真模型及码率控制算法*

为了提高码率控制的准确性,通过实验和理论推导,提出了一种通用率失真模型。在此基础上,定义了纹理复杂度,提出了纹理复杂度和图像块头用字节两自适应线性预测模型及宏块（组）比特分配模型;然后结合以上模型提出了一种新的码率控制算法。大量仿真实验结果表明,利用新提出的码率控制方法,测试序列的PSNR均有不同程度的提高,且码流曲线更平滑平稳,目标码率控制更准确。     

基于H264/AVC的帧层码率控制算法

在研究和分析了H.264/AVC经典码率控制算法的基础上,提出了一种新的帧层码率控制算法.该算法充分利用各帧的复杂度以及目标缓冲区优化比特分配,同时采用了卡尔曼滤波器估计MAD的方法.与以往码率控制算法相比,该算法能更加合理地分配各帧的目标比特数,MAD预测也更加精确,从而提高了量化参数QP预测的准确性.实验结果表明,该算法能提高码率控制的精度,并使图像总体质量有一定程度的提高.     

H.264可伸缩视频编码层间码率控制算法

为H.264/AVC标准的可伸缩编码(SVC)扩展提出了一种自适应的层间码率控制算法。该算法提出了一个选择模型,通过当前层的前一帧或者前一层的当前帧来预测Inter帧所需比特数。首先,将码率—复杂度—量化因子(R-C-Q)模型引入可伸缩的视频编码;接着,使用一个已有的比例—积分—微分(PID)缓冲区控制器来根据缓冲区状态提供当前Inter帧的比特数估计;然后,为了在视频画面发生急剧变化时获得更为精确的估计,利用前一层中的当前帧所用实际比特数来进一步进行当前Inter帧比特数估计;最后,使用选择模型决定最终的预测比特数,并通过R-C-Q模型计算出量化因子(QP)。实验结果表明,相对于推荐的JVT-043码率控制算法,所提出的算法可以在SVC的每层获得更加精确的实际输出比特率,保持缓冲区充盈度的稳定,同时减少跳帧和质量波动,提高整体编码质量。     

基于H.264/AVC的自适应帧级位分配优化算法*

为了获得精确的帧级目标位分配和提高编码质量,在JVT-G012码率控制算法的基础上,提出一种自适应的帧级位分配优化算法。该算法充分考虑帧之间纹理复杂度,弥补了JVT-G012算法中对帧目标位平均分配算法的不足。大量实验结果表明,改进后的算法在高运动或场景切换情况下,能明显提高视频编码质量,实现目标位的优化分配和输出码率的精确控制。     

一种面向视频应用的有效实时码率控制算法

为提供实时视频传输服务,同时保证一定的视频质量,提出了一种基于JVT-G012的动态码率控制算法。在编码过程中,根据图像内容的运动特性,动态决定GOP长度,同时防止输出缓冲器的上溢和下溢;为复杂度较高的宏块（MB）分配较多的比特。实验结果表明,该算法对于场景变化较大的实际视频序列有较好的编码效果。     

一种面向H.264/AVC的新型宏块级码率控制算法

针对H.264/AVC码率控制模型的不足,提出了平均绝对变换量化误差（MATQD）的概念,以及基于MATQD的加权预测模型和新的二次R-D（Rate-Distortion）模型,然后给出完整的宏块级码率控制算法,其中,在预测宏块纹理码字分配时,提出了用MATQDratio计算宏块目标码字以及一个头码字的加权预测模型。实验结果表明,与JM8.5下的标准码率控制算法JVT-G012相比,本文提出的算法的码率控制精度更高,输出码流更加平稳,图像的平均质量更好。     

X264的平均比特率控制算法优化

无线视频传输系统中,网络带宽往往是有限和动态变化的,这将导致视频信息在传输过程中的质量差以及不稳定,此时需要在视频编解码中采用码率控制进行调控。针对X264平均比特率(ABR)算法的不足,提出了两种改进措施:其一,根据实际输出比特和目标比特之差在帧层增加补偿算法来调整当前帧的量化参数(QP); 其二,改善缓存区增长函数以限制缓存区的过快增长。改进算法通过对同一视频序列不同目标码率以及不同视频序列同一目标码率两种方式进行实验仿真验证。仿真结果表明,在峰值信噪比(PSNR)平均值基本不变的情况下,输出的实际码率更加接近于目标码率。     

Adaptive and dynamic multi-grouping scheme for absolute moment block truncation coding

Image compression technique is widely used in multimedia signal processing. As a conventional lossy compression technique, block truncation coding (BTC) deserves further improvements to enhance its performance of compression. The improvements of BTC mainly focus on: 1) enhancing the quality of reconstructed image and 2) decreasing the bit rate. In this paper, an adaptive and dynamic multi-grouping scheme is proposed for the absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC), which is mainly based on an optimized grouping mechanism with the adaptive threshold setting according to the complexity of image blocks. Besides, the values of the reconstruction levels are replaced by their compressed difference values in order to decrease the bit rate. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can enhance the compression performance of AMBTC effectively.

     

优化的H.264/AVC码率控制算法

由于通信信道带宽有限,有必要对视频编码的输出码率进行控制。基于视频编码标准H.264采用的码率控制算法,在初始QP值的设定以及宏块层码率控制方面提出了改进。在初始QP值的计算上,提出了利用基于bpp、熵和梯度的图像复杂度对初始QP值进行估计的方法。另外利用时间上的预测信息和空间上的MAD梯度信息在宏块层对MAD预测进行了改进,能更有效地实现对码率的精确控制。实验结果表明,与H.264标准参考软件JM11.0中的算法相比,改进后的算法比测试序列在峰值信噪比（PSNR）上得到了提高,同时能更接近目标比特。     

基于失真估计和码率控制的视频传输新方案

针对差错信道上的实时视频编码和传输问题,提出一种基于逐帧失真估计和码率控制的新型时域不等差错保护方案。该方案给出一种低复杂度逐帧传输失真估计模型,估计差错信道下的视频传输失真,结合码率控制算法,通过对编码量化参数的简单搜索,逐帧求出最优的压缩编码和信道保护策略。仿真结果表明,与现有方案相比,该方案不但延迟小、复杂度适中,而且能提高重建视频序列的平均质量,减少逐帧之间的质量波动。     

Rate control algorithm based on intra-picture complexity for H.264/AVC

An efficient rate control algorithm based on the content-adaptive initial quantisation parameter (QP) setting scheme and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) variation-limited bit-allocation strategy for lowcomplexity mobile applications is presented. This algorithm can efficiently measure the residual complexity of intra-pictures without performing the computation-intensive intra-prediction and mode decision in H.264/AVC, based on the structural and statistical features of local textures. This can adaptively set proper initial QP values for versatile video contents. In addition, this bit-allocation strategy can effectively distribute bit-rate budgets based on the monotonic property to enhance overall coding efficiency while maintaining the consistency of visual quality by limiting the variation of quantisation distortion. The experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm surpasses the conventional rate control approaches in terms of the average PSNR from 0.34 to 0.95 dB. Moreover, this algorithm provides more impressive visual quality and more robust buffer controllability when compared with other algorithms.     

针对H.264码率控制的初始量化参数选择算法

针对JVT-H017提案码率控制算法初始量化参数选择与视频内容无关的问题,在总结现有改进算法基础上,提出一种快速有效的初始量化参数选择算法。该算法只需第一个P帧的平均绝对误差（MAD）值及每像素平均比特率信息即可快速给出初始量化参数。实验结果表明,在恒定比特率下,所提算法与JVT-H017算法相比,预测的初始量化参数更加准确,ΔPSNR最大能提高1.1dB,并且算法对含B帧编码结构同样有效。     

一种基于视觉感知的H.264 码率控制算法

针对目前视频编码标准H.264 的码率控制算法未考虑人眼视觉感知、易导致编码 后视频图像质量波动的不足,提出了一种基于视觉感知的H.264 码率控制算法。首先,设计了 像素域的恰可察觉失真模型。在此基础上,根据各帧的恰可察觉失真的大小进行帧层比特分配。 其次,建立了基于结构相似度的率失真模型,并采用此模型设计了基本单元层(basic unit, BU) 的比特分配方案。最后结合二次速率-量化模型得到量化参数。实验结果表明,该算法与目前 H.264 中典型的码率控制算法相比,错误率降低了0.2%。     

一种低码率下的新型宏块级码率控制算法

针对H．264编码方案，提出了一种实时的无需二次编码的低码率宏块级码率控制策略。为克服H．264码率控制模型的缺陷，首先提出了平均像素信息比特（APIB）的概念及其码率控制模型；然后在宏块层，根据各个宏块不同的编码复杂度进行准确的码字分配；接着通过APIB的变化来自适应地更新码率控制模型的系数；最后提出了完整的基于宏块的码率控制算法，并将其在JVT的JM85平台上实现。试验结果表明，与H．264中的码率控制算法JVT-G012相比，该算法不仅在控制精度上平均提高了0．171kbps，而且峰值信噪比平均提高了0．227dB，同时还较好地控制了输出码率和峰值信噪比的波动。