基于改进小波去噪和EEMD的轧辊偏心提取与补偿

为准确提取轧辊偏心信号,进而实现偏心补偿控制,提高冷轧机的厚度控制,提出了将一种改进小波阈值去噪和EEMD相结合的偏心信号提取方法。该方法结合了小波的强去噪性以及EEMD的抗模态混叠的优点,采用一种含参数的可变阈值函数,在阈值选择时通过人工蜂群优化算法自适应确定最优阈值。利用改进的小波阈值法对轧辊偏心扰动信号进行去噪预处理,然后经过EEMD将信号分解,提取表征偏心信号的特征模态函数,将重构的偏心信号补偿到冷轧机系统中。最后,通过仿真实验表明,此方法能有效补偿轧辊偏心,且所得补偿效果明显优于小波算法的补偿效果。     

轧辊偏心信号的时频域识别

本文介绍了基于小波变换的信号多分辨率分解,并对轧辊偏心信号进行时频域识别,采用该方法可以实现时域定位和提取特征频率.     

基于小波包分解的刀具磨损特征分析

为了高效准确地在线监测加工高温合金过程中的刀具磨损,有效地提取刀具磨损相关特征显得尤为重要。文章提出了基于小波包分解的刀具磨损特征提取方法,将刀具切削过程中的切削力信号在时频域下分解重构,分析了各频段重构信号能量值与刀具磨损的相关性,提取了信号分解重构后小波包系数能量值中与刀具磨损相关的两个频段信号作为刀具磨损监测的特征参数,最后通过试验结果表明,采用小波包分解方法在切削力信号中提取的切削力特征和切削振动特征可作为刀具磨损特征,从而为后续研究刀具磨损在线监测提供有效输入。     

电磁导波检测信号瞬时特征提取研究

针对电磁导波检测信号的缺陷识别问题,首先对信号进行离散小波包分解,提取出变化明显的子频带小波包系数进行重构,然后分析该重构信号瞬时相位和幅值的特征信息,通过对比不同缺陷情况下瞬时相位和幅值的变化趋势,得到缺陷特征,完成缺陷识别.     

基于小波包和LCD的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对含噪背景下提取滚动轴承的非平稳非线性信号特征的问题,提出了一种将LCD(局部特征尺度)与小波包相结合的故障诊断方法。对待测信号进行小波包降噪预处理,再利用LCD分解得到ISC分量(内禀尺度分量),进一步根据峭度-相关系数筛选真实ISC分量用以重构获得有效的故障特征信号。最后通过对重构故障信息进行能量算子包络解调,从而得到轴承故障的特征频率。将基于LCD和小波包的时频分析方法引入轴承故障诊断中,实验结果表明该方法能有效地提取机械故障振动信号的特征。     

基于WP-LSTM的偏心转子马达故障诊断方法

为解决智能设备中的偏心转子马达故障检测准确性与效率低下等问题,提出一种基于小波包与长短时记忆网络(Wavelet Packet-Long Short Term Memory,WP-LSTM)的故障诊断方法。首先,将偏心转子马达的电压信号进行小波包分解,对高频信号进行重构。其次,将重构信号作为特征向量输入到3层LSTM网络中,依靠LSTM网络的记忆特性充分学习非稳态信号中具有时序性的故障特征信息,再利用模型诊断出马达断线、卷线、电刷不良和接触不良故障。最后,通过实验验证了所提方法的可行性,且准确率高达98.91%。与现有的马达故障诊断方法相比,基于WP-LSTM的诊断方法具有更好的诊断效果,对提高故障诊断的准确率有一定的作用。     

基于MCKD与小波包熵的齿轮箱轴承微弱故障信号提取

针对齿轮箱轴承故障信号含有大量噪声而特征难以提取的问题。文章提出一种基于MCKD(最大相关峭度解卷积)和小波包熵值相结合的齿轮箱微弱故障信号提取方法。首先根据MCKD对故障信号进行降噪,突出信号中的有效冲击成分。然后进行小波包分解得到包含故障特征成分的末层节点信号,并以互相关系数-小波包熵值为准则对最后一层节点信号进行筛选并获取敏感节点信号,最后通过对敏感节点信号进行重构从而获得降噪后的轴承故障信号。实验结果表明该方法能够很好的滤除信号中的噪声并且准确地提取故障信号中的冲击成分,是对齿轮箱微弱故障特征提取的一种新方法。     

基于小波分析与神经网络的混凝土缺陷超声定量检测

为了准确确定混凝土缺陷的类型、范围及大小,利用小波分析方法,将采集的超声波信号进行小波包分解,分别提取各个频率成分的信号特征,并对小波包进行分解系数重构,求出各频带信号的能量与信号总能量的比值。基于此构造的特征向量作为神经网络输入向量,再由其对信号进行缺陷的识别判断。试验表明,该方法不但对识别缺陷位置和范围效果较好,而且对识别缺陷类型也有较高精度。     

双树复小波算法在滚动轴承故障信号特征提取中的应用

现有滚动轴承故障特征提取算法的性能会随着故障集规模扩大而出现衰减。针对故障信号间存在的干扰和模态混叠等问题,提出一种基于双树复小波的特征提取算法。双树复小波结构包含两个独立的滤波器组,在含噪混合信号的分解和重构中形成互补关系,提升信号采样的平稳性;优化双树复小波滤波器组的结构,降低故障信号平移敏感性,利用门限阈值处理高频小波系数,达到降噪的目的,并基于时间序列样本熵提取子带信号的能量特征。实验结果显示：提出的算法能够准确提取滚动轴承各部分的故障特征信息,算法的在线故障识别率达到99.56%。     

钢板孔洞涡流检测的小波分析

小波的时频局部化和多尺度特性，使其特别适用于信号的奇异性和瞬态信号的检测以及强周期性噪声干扰下非平稳信息的提取。小波分析用于钢板孔洞测量的数据处理过程中，通过以最大信噪比为依据的自定义代价函数来获取小波包最优基函数，使重构信号的信噪比大幅度提高，从而确保了钢板孔洞的良好测量与分辨。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.