Q235钢等离子熔覆的残余应力及变形数值模拟

基于ABAQUS软件有限元模拟和Goldak热源模型,考虑材料非线性特点,采用热力耦合的方法对等离子熔覆Q235钢的温度场、应力场和位移场进行模拟,并采用盲孔法测量了其实际残余应力。结果表明,采用Goldak模型可以较好地仿真等离子热源,热循环模拟结果稳定,且与实际熔覆结果符合;在X和Z向上,残余应力的计算值与测量值变化趋势一致,沿X向测量点纵向残余应力试验值与模拟最大差值为43MPa,平均差值为6.2MPa。沿Z向存在一些偏差,但总体趋势趋于一致,纵向残余应力模拟平均值为-189.54MPa,试验平均值为-211.5MPa;熔覆完成后最大变形量为0.05mm,出现在熔覆层中心位置,Q235钢基体变形量0.01mm。     

柔性机械臂关节刚度的一种间接测量方法

给出一种分析柔性机械臂关节刚度的间接测量方法。该方法在机械臂末端执行件上的不同位置加载,测量载荷与载荷方向上的位移数据,然后使用有限元方法计算不含关节时结构对应点的载荷、位移关系,从测量结果中排除不含关节时的位移。利用这些仅包含关节信息的载荷和位移数据通过求解一个线性方程组,可以得到各个关节的刚度数据。最后通过一个实际的例子,说明了该方法的有效性。     

加工中心静刚度特性分析及实验研究

应用理论分析方法对影响加工中心静刚度的因素包括丝杠结构静刚度、进给伺服系统刚度、主轴-刀具系统静刚度、滚动导轨刚度等进行了分析.以立式加工中心VICTOR为例,分别采用数控进给加力方式和螺旋加力结构方式进行加力,实测了加工中心主轴端面与工作台间Z向和X向的静刚度值,测量结果显示加工中心的静刚度并不明显高于普通机床.为加工中心结构及系统的设计、工艺参数的选取等提供借鉴.     

高性能直驱混联数控机床静刚度分析

基于模块化设计技术,开发了一种由直线电机驱动的高性能混联数控机床,主要由2-DOF并联主轴头和XY工作台两大功能模块组成。以该机床并联主轴模块为研究对象,基于边界元和刚度矩阵组集方法,建立了机床静刚度模型,并编制了刚度计算软件,由此计算得到机床主轴在整个工作空间内位置刚度和旋转刚度的分布。数值仿真表明:该机床具有较好的刚度特性,满足轻切削加工静刚度设计要求。     

3-TPT型并联机床静力学及刚度研究

以一种3-TPT并联机床为研究对象,研究该机床在承受静态外力负载时静力学问题及运动平台的刚度问题.首先利用虚功原理建立了并联机床的静力学正解方程,然后推导出该并联机床的柔度矩阵,在此基础上利用Matlab软件对该机床的静力学及刚度进行了研究,仿真出了该三杆并联机床的运动平台静力学特性及其刚度的变化曲线.研究结果表明:驱动杆所承受的最大载荷不超过运动平台负载的2.5倍,且随着运动平台远离Z轴,其Z方向刚度变化较其他方向尤为明显.这一分析为并联机床的结构优化设计和动力学研究提供了理论基础.     

新型3UPS+1RPU混联机床的静刚度与动态特性分析

以一种新型3UPS+1RPU混联机床作为研究对象,对该混联机床在不同位姿下的刚度和动态特性进行研究。首先运用Solid Works对该混联机床建立三维实体模型,然后导入到有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench进行刚度分析,找出了机床刚度的薄弱部位,通过比较得知位姿α下机床的刚度好于位姿β,并得出刚度随位姿变化的规律。然后进行模态分析,得到不同位姿下机床的1~6阶固有频率和振型,找出机床运动过程中易发生共振的位置;在模态分析的基础上,对该混联机床进行谐响应分析,得出动平台在X,Y,Z轴方向的位移响应曲线,找出该机床应该避开的敏感频率,并通过比较得知位姿α下的混联机床动态特性好于位姿β。因此得出结论:机床在加工零件的过程当中,应尽量避免达到极限位置(位姿β),从而使机床保持较高的刚度和较好的动态特性。     

基于ADAMS的3-TPS混联机床动态特性分析

利用ADAMS软件对3-TPS型混联机床进行振动测试分析和加工仿真分析,建立了机床动态仿真分析的刚柔耦合模型,分析了机床在各个方向的振动特性,仿真分析了切削力下机床刀尖位置的位移偏差。结果表明,该机床Y、Z方向的振动响应较大,X向的响应较小;在铣削力作用下,刀尖点位移产生了明显的偏移,致使机床的加工精度降低。     

铜包装线液压升降平台刚度的研究

为确定铜包装线液压升降平台许用的最大负载,运用ANSYS仿真方法,研究铜自动包装生产线上料工位工作时,液压升降平台的液压缸缸筒变形,并计算其容积变化;分析上料过程活塞杆的位移变化及影响位移变化的因素,并在MATLAB中得到活塞位移变化曲线;分析影响液压升降平台垂直刚度的因素,并仿真得到刚度曲线。为实现精确控制和确定升降平台最大负载提供依据。     

利用纳米压痕加载曲线计算硬度-压入深度关系及弹性模量

通过对纳米压痕法基本原理的分析与实验研究,证明了一般材料的接触刚度-位移（压入深度）为线性关系．该关系可从两个不同压入深度的压痕实验得到,利用该关系可从任意一条加载曲线计算出材料的硬度-位移关系及弹性模量值．实验结果表明这个计算结果是可靠的．     

机械结合面法向接触刚度三维分形理论模型北大核心

为了解决以往在结合面上法向接触刚度分形建模理论研究的计算过程中存在的一些问题,所以专门对结合面上单个微凸体的弹性、弹塑性接触变形模型中的法向载荷和刚度的计算过程进行了适当的改进,从而建立了一种考虑弹性、弹塑性和塑性3种变形机理的法向接触刚度模型。通过模型理论预测值与实际测量值的比较可知,所建立的分形模型可以较好地预测法向接触刚度,进一步说明了所建模型的可靠性和精度,也证实了改进算法的可行性。所建模型可以用于相关接触刚度的计算与分析,有助于对结合面的刚度动态特性做进一步的研究。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。