西藏《福建公园》工程施工组织与管理

工程的施工管理,必须建立权威的协调机构和制定出切合实际的竣工计划和各项有力的管理措施来保证竣工。     

轻钢结构施工中关键问题的几点体会

结合实际工程经验就轻钢结构在施工过程中需要特别引起注意的几个问题进行了探讨,主要包括基础的施工,地脚螺栓的施工,高强螺栓的施工及保温材料的施工等关键问题,从而完善轻钢结构施工工艺.     

河道覆盖工程箱涵基础施工方法

针对城市河道改建工程的施工特点，系统地介绍了该工程的施工工艺原理、工艺流程、操作要点及关键问题的处理措施，并对在该工程中的劳动组织及安全、社会经济效益，作了较为详细的阐述。     

桥梁施工裂缝的成因分析和防治办法

近年来,我国交通基础建设得到迅猛发展,各地兴建了大量的钢筋混凝土桥梁.在桥梁建造和使用过程中,有关因出现裂缝而影响工程质量甚至导桥梁垮塌的报道屡见不鲜.为了加强对混凝土桥梁裂缝的认识,尽量避免工程中出现危害较大的裂缝,本文将对混凝土桥梁结构施工裂缝的种类和产生的原因作了简要分析,仅供广大工程技术人员参考.     

浅析建筑施工中桩基施工工艺

桩基施工是整个建筑施工中的最重要的环节之一,一定要保障桩基工作做得扎实,这样才能保障整个建筑的稳固性。本文对桩基施工进行了仔细地分析,总结了桩基施工中需要准备的前期工作以及桩基施工的工艺类型,为以后的桩基施工提供了有效的借鉴。     

浅析路桥施工管理中存在的问题及对策

概述了我国路桥施工管理的现状,分析了路桥施工中常见的质量问题以及施工管理中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。     

桥巩水电站施工组织设计简述

桥巩水电站是红水河规划开发的第九个梯级水电站,电站装机容量为456MW,属二等工程,工程规模为大（2）型,做好工程的施工组织设计总体设计对工程各项工作的顺利进展具有指导意义。     

浅谈建筑工程施工技术组织措施要求

本文阐述了建筑工程施工技术组织包括保证工程质量措施、保证安全施工、现场文明施工、降低成本措施、季节性施工措施、施工方案的技术经济比较诸多方面的要求.     

公路路基的施工质量控制与相关技术措施

作为公路工程施工质量中最为关键的施工环节,路基施工的施工质量对公路整体施工质量产生着决定性的影响,应采取合理的施工技术及施工工艺对其施工质量进行控制。     

水利水电施工技术和灌浆施工分析研究

以城市发展角度出发,加强水利水电工程建设,在防洪方面优势显著。因此,要求行业应进一步将资金、技术向该工程方面倾斜。对于该类工程而言,灌浆施工属于重要环节,将会直接影响最终施工效果,强调行业应予以高度重视。以某水利水电工程为例,经现场考察,明确了施工技术的选择,并进一步对灌浆施工进行分析。     

Heat and cold stresses in different climate zones across China: A comparison between the 20th and 21st centuries

Summer and winter discomfort in terms of heat and cold stresses in the nine major architectural climate zones and sub-zones across China in the 21st century were investigated using predictions from general circulation models for the low and medium emissions scenarios. For the six severe cold and cold climate zones in the north, reductions in cumulative cold stress outweighed the increase in cumulative heat stress resulting in an overall decreasing trend in the annual cumulative stress, and vice versa for the other three warmer climate zones in the south. Compared with the 20th century, significant reduction in the cumulative cold stress was observed across the six zones in severe cold and cold climates, ranging from 15.8 in cold-III to 42.3 in severe cold-II. There were modest increases in the cumulative heat stress from 0.3 in cold-II to 12.3 in cold-III. For the warmer climates in the south, reduction in cumulative cold stress ranged from 7.6 in hot summer and warm winter (HSWW) to 10.3 in hot summer and cold winter, while cumulative heat stress increased from 9.9 in the mild zone to 30.6 in HSWW. A reduction in cold stress would result in less winter heating and an increase in heat stress more cooling requirement.     

Health assessment of artisanal gold miners in Indonesia

Small scale miners use mercury to extract gold from ore in many countries. An environmental and health assessment was performed in Indonesia in two regions, Galangan in Central Kalimantan and Talawaan in Northern Sulawesi. The environmental assessment showed severe mercury contamination of the sediments, and increased mercury levels in local fish. For the health investigation 281 volunteers were recruited and examined by a standardized questionnaire, a neurological examination and neuro-psychological tests. A medical score was used consisting of significant factors of mercury intoxication. Mercury exposed workers showed typical symptoms of mercury intoxication, such as movement disorders (ataxia, tremor, dysdiadochokinesia, etc.). Blood, urine and hair samples were taken from any participant and analyzed for mercury. The mercury concentration in the biomonitors was high, partly extreme high in the working population, increased in the population living in the same habitat and low in the control group. By a standard protocol which includes a combination of threshold values of mercury in the biomonitors and a medical sum score the diagnosis of chronic mercury intoxication was made for highly burdened workers (amalgam smelters) in 55% in Sulawesi and in 62% in Kalimantan. Less exposed mineral processors and the general population in the mining areas were also intoxicated to a high percentage.     

Urban environmental mercury in Changchun, a metropolitan city in Northeastern China: source, cycle, and fate

Mercury concentrations in each environmental compartment in Changchun City had obvious spatial and temporal trends. Particulate Hg (HgP) and total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations in air, total Hg (HgT) concentrations in precipitation and ratios of HgP to HgT (total Hg in air) in the atmosphere in heating season were higher than those in non-heating season, which resulted from civil heating. In contrast, reactive Hg (HgR) concentrations in precipitation were higher in non-heating season than those in heating season. TGM and SO2 in air had good agreement. HgP concentrations in the atmosphere were correlated with HgT concentrations in precipitation. Based on Hg concentrations in each environmental compartment, Hg exchange fluxes between environmental interfaces were estimated. Only 11.6% of Hg, emitted from coal combustion, deposited into land surface in urban district and the rest part participated in regional or global cycle, so urban district was the source of Hg global and regional cycle. Net fluxes of Hg into land surface and water were 34.26 kg year(-1) and 0.051 kg year(-1), respectively, which were clearly accumulated in the water and soil. Therefore considering urban local Hg cycle, each environmental compartment of urban ecosystem (water, air and soil) was the sink of Hg.     

在革新与现代主义之间:夏昌世与德国(英文)

夏昌世,中国第一代建筑师,1920年代在德国卡尔斯鲁厄留学。1932年,他在图宾根完成了博士论文之后重返祖国。1940年代后期,他在广州成为教授,1973年与妻子一同重返德国,并在那里生活直至1996年逝世。他的设计方法不仅受到那个时代欧洲现代主义运动氛围的熏陶,还来自他对中国传统景观与建筑艺术历史的研究。他是引领岭南区域形成岭南学派建筑的主导力量之一。同时,作为一建筑学教授,他在广州培养了新一代青年建筑师。     

Alteration of arsenopyrite in soils under different vegetation covers

The weathering of arsenopyrite (FeAsS) has been monitored in soils using an in situ experimental approach. Arsenopyrite in nylon experimental bags was placed in individual horizons in soils in spruce (litter, horizons A, B, and C), beech (litter, horizons A, B, and C) and unforested (horizons A, B, and C) areas and left in contact with the soil for a period of 1 year. The individual areas on the ridge of the Krušné hory Mts., Czech Republic, had the same lithology, climatic and environmental conditions. Scorodite (FeAsO₄·2H₂O) was identified as a principal secondary mineral of arsenic (As) formed directly on the surface of the arsenopyrite. Scorodite was formed in all the areas in all soil horizons. The amount of scorodite formed decreased in the series beech, spruce and unforested areas. In forested areas, there was a larger amount of scorodite on arsenopyrites exposed in organic horizons (litter, A horizon). The greater rate of arsenopyrite alteration in organic horizons in the beech stand compared to spruce stand is probably a result of faster mineralization of organic material with resulting production of nitrate and better seepage conditions of soil in this area. Speciation of As determined using the sequential extraction technique demonstrated that As was bonded in the soils primarily in the residual fractions prior to the experiment. The As content in the mobile fractions increased in the organic horizon in the forested areas after the experiments.     

从息壤到土工合成材料

据说息壤是一种可以自生自长的土,远古的先民们曾用它防治洪水。对这种传说中的岩土材料进行了考据,根据河狸坝与我国古代的治河工程,指出所谓息壤应当是古代人们利用草、木、竹、石、土创造出来的加筋土,用以拦截阻挡洪水。秦汉时期称为茨防,宋代称为埽工。回顾了我国土工加筋及其在河工中应用的长远历史,指出土工合成材料在保护环境、保护资源和我国经济可持续发展中应用的广阔前景。     

Accumulation of cadmium in livers and kidneys in Greenlanders

In the Arctic, the traditional diet exposes its people to a very high intake of cadmium because it is highly concentrated in the liver and kidneys of commonly eaten marine mammals. In one study in Greenland, the cadmium intake was estimated to 182 microg/day/person in the fall and 346 in the spring. To determine whether the cadmium is accumulated in humans, we analyzed autopsy samples of liver and kidneys from 95 ethnic Greenlanders (aged 19-89) who died from a wide range of causes. The cadmium concentration in liver (overall mean 1.97 microg/g wet wt) appeared to be unrelated to any particular age group, whereas the concentrations in the kidneys peaked in Greenlanders between 40 and 50 years of age (peak concentration 22.3 microg/g wet wt). Despite the high cadmium levels in the typical Greenlander diet, we found that the cadmium concentrations in livers and kidneys were comparable to those reported from Denmark, Sweden, Australia and Great Britain. Furthermore, even though the mean cadmium intake from the diet was estimated to be 13-25 times higher in Greenlanders than in Danes, we found similar cadmium levels in the kidneys of both. Seal livers and kidneys are the main source of cadmium in the diet of Greenlanders, but these tissues are not eaten in Denmark. Thus, our results suggest that the accumulation of cadmium from Greenlander's marine diet is very low.     

北宋书院园林的景观特征分析

北宋四大书院,即长沙岳麓书院、九江白鹿洞书院、登封嵩阳书院和商丘应天书院,在我国教育史上占有重要地位,它们是封建社会特有的教育组织.本文从选址、建筑布局以及人文景观等方面,总结说明北宋书院的景观特征及其形成原因.它们选址或依山或傍水,以期营造宁静的学习氛围;建筑布局受等级观念影响,基本符合中国古典园林特征,呈中轴对称的...     

The potential for gender equality in architecture: an Anglo-Spanish comparison

The practice of architecture is very similar in different national settings despite what may be very different sociological and cultural origins of the profession, the attendant variances in how work is organized and distinctions in equality and gender roles. The aim of this paper is to examine the quest for equality in architecture for women in the UK and Spain reporting the findings of a comparative study into women architects’ careers in the two countries. Within the qualitative paradigm, semi-structured in-depth interviews were carried out with a total of 55 women architects in the UK and Spain. Findings indicate surprising differences in levels and terms of equality for women in the two countries and marked differences in women’s experiences of working as an architect. Women have come to the profession in Spain much later than their British counterparts and, somewhat surprisingly, are present in greater numbers. However, despite there being more of a ‘critical mass’ this has not served to improve their situation; they report much higher levels of discrimination and find it difficult to progress in their careers. Conclusions argue for a stronger approach by the professional bodies to help improve the position of women.     

The effects of changing water flow velocity on the formation of biofilms and water quality in pilot distribution system consisting of copper or polyethylene pipes

We studied the effects of flow velocity on the formation of biofilms and the concentration of bacteria in water in copper and plastic (polyethylene, PE) pipes. The formation of biofilms increased with the flow velocity of water. The increase in microbial numbers and contents of ATP was clearer in the PE pipes than in the copper pipes. This was also seen as increased consumption of microbial nutrients in the pipeline system. This indicates that the mass transfer of nutrients is in major role in the growth of biofilms. However, the increased biomass of biofilms did not affect microbial numbers in the water. Rapid changes in water flow rate resuspended biofilms and sediments which increased the concentrations of bacteria and copper in water. The disturbance caused by the changing water flow was also seen as an increase in the particle counts and water turbidity recorded with online instrumentation.