The Model Calculation of the Phase (P-T) Diagram for Fullerene C60

Abstract

A detailed theoretical study of the phase (P-T) diagram of fullerene C₆₀ is carried out using both the thermodynamic principles and the calculated model based on the rigid molecules interacting via the (n-m) potential model.     

HPLC Diode-Array Analysis of C60 and C70 Polymeric Fullerene Oxides (Fullerene Polymeric Ozonides)

It is shown by HPLC diode-array analysis that the C₆₀ and C₇₀ polymeric fullerene oxides ([C₆₀]-PFOs and [C₇₀]-PFOs) which are polymeric ozonides, are composed by nine different components. The ozonide derivatives of C₆₀ and C₇₀ have been proved to be practically analogous in chemical structure and composition. The most important component of both [C₆₀]-PFOs and [C₇₀]-PFOs accounts for about 3/4 of each sample. The overozonation of [C₆₀]-PFOs in methanol has been studied and shown to not produce any significant changes.     

The Solid-State Mechanochemical Reaction of Fullerene C60

The solid-state mechanochemical reaction of fullerene C₆₀ by the use of a high-speed vibration milling technique has been applied to the nucleophilic addition of an organozinc reagent to C₆₀, [4+2] cycloaddition of C₆₀ with condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, 1,3-dipolar addition of C₆₀ with organic azides, and dimerization of C₆₀.     

The Solid-State Mechanochemical Reaction of Fullerene C60

Abstract

The solid-state mechanochemical reaction of fullerene C₆₀ by the use of a high-speed vibration milling technique has been applied to the nucleophilic addition of an organozinc reagent to C₆₀, [4+2] cycloaddition of C₆₀ with condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, 1,3-dipolar addition of C₆₀ with organic azides, and dimerization of C₆₀.     

Fullerene C60 Complexed with Poly(N-Vinyl-pyrrolidone) (C60/PVP) Prevents the Disturbance of Long-Term Memory Consolidation Induced by Cycloheximide

Abstract

It is shown that fullerene C₆₀/water‐soluble complex with PVP molecular mass of 10,000 injected in the dorsal hippocampus completely prevents the development of amnesia caused by cycloheximide, the inhibitor of protein synthesis. With the increased PVP molecular mass up to 25,000 the complex does not produce protective effect disturbance of learning.     

Au电极作用下C60、2C60与4C60富勒烯分子的电子传输特性

采用扩展的Hückel方法与格林函数方法,研究了Au电极作用下,C60富勒烯、2C60和4C60聚合体分子的电子结构与导电性,并对它们的电子结构与电子输运特性进行了对比.研究结果表明,C60、2C60或4C60富勒烯分子与Au电极 "接触"后,其HOMO、LUMO间的能隙减小;C60、2C60或4C60分子与Au电极之间的结合既有共价键的成分,又有离子键的成分,其中,C60、4C60分子与Au电极结合的离子键特征更为明显;三种富勒烯分子的电子输运性能依次具有C60>2C60>4C60分子的顺序.     

The Electroforming Effect in Polycrystalline Fullerene C60 Films

Technical Physics Letters - Long-term exposure of a polycrystalline fullerene C60 film in a constant electric field of 1–4 MV/cm produces an electroforming effect manifested by increase in...     

Reaction Kinetics of C60 Fullerene Ozonation

It has been verified that the reaction between O₃ and C₆₀ follows the general second order reaction rate which is valid for all the reactions between ozone and unsaturated olefinic bonds: v = k[C=C][O₃]. The reaction rate constant k has been measured ≈(1.5 ± 0.3) × 10⁴ L mol^-1 s^-1. The value of this rate constant has the same order of magnitude of the rate constant measured for instance in the ozonation of 1,4-diphenylbutadiene.     

Reaction Kinetics of C60 Fullerene Ozonation

Abstract

It has been verified that the reaction between O₃ and C₆₀ follows the general second order reaction rate which is valid for all the reactions between ozone and unsaturated olefinic bonds: v = k[C?C][O₃]. The reaction rate constant k has been measured ≈(1.5 ± 0.3) × 10⁴ L mol^?1 s^?1. The value of this rate constant has the same order of magnitude of the rate constant measured for instance in the ozonation of 1,4‐diphenylbutadiene.     

Is the C60 Fullerene Molecule Toxic?!

Presented theses criticize the hasty observations and conclusions about some toxic properties of various aqueous dispersions of C₆₀ nanoparticles. In turn, a number of arguments are made emphasizing that pristine fullerenes are non-toxic, but the supramolecular system of “fullerene-water” has a wide spectrum of positive and unique biological activity.     

Equilibrium Phase Diagram of Polymerized C60 and Kinetics of Decomposition of the Polymerized Phases

Abstract

Equilibrium phase diagram (T=0–1000 K; p=0–8 GPa) of pressure‐temperature polymerized C₆₀ has been constructed. It included rhombohedral; orthorhombic and tetragonal polymerized phases of C₆₀ along with fcc monomeric phases of C₆₀. The isothermal kinetics of depolymerization (T=373–513 K) of the O‐, R‐, T‐ and D‐phases was studied by means of the IR‐spectroscopy. The isothermal rate of decomposition goes up along the series: (T‐)<(O‐)<(R‐)<(D‐).     

Organosilicon Derivatives of Buckminsterfullerene (C60): First Preparation of A Fullerene Silirane

C₆₀ reacts with photochemically generated bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)silylene (1) to give adducts, 2-4, as the isolable products. Spectroscopic analysis and theoretical investigation strongly support the silirane structure 2a, and not the isomeric 1,6-silamethano[10]annulene 2b.     

C-H-Cl气相体系生长金刚石的相图计算

用非平衡热力学耦合模型计算得到了C-H-Cl气相体系生长金刚石的相图,并与报道的实验结果符合很好．比起C-H体系生长金刚石的相图,该相图中的金刚石生长区明显移向低温方向,说明加入氯有利于降低金刚石的生长温度．通过化学反应机理的分析探讨了加入氯对金刚石生长温度和生长速率的影响．     

Radiation-Induced Trichloromethylation of C60 Fullerene in Carbon Tetrachloride

The radiolysis of C₆₀ in CCl₄ has been studied in detail from the organic chemistry point of view. Solutions of C₆₀ in CCl₄ have been treated with γ radiation at 25, 50, 150, and 600 kGy, and the resulting products have been studied by electronic absorption spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, solid state ¹³C-MAS-NMR and by thermogravimetric analysis. The products have also been separated by liquid chromatographic analysis (HPLC). C₆₀ undergoes a multiple trichloromethylation reaction and on average about 6 trichloromethyl radicals add to the fullerene cage. The trichloromethylation reaction is accompanied by the dimerization and trimerization of C₆₀ fullerene. Also the oligomers appear to be trichloromethyl-substituted.

For reference the C₆₀ solutions in CCl₄ have also been photolyzed with UV light. Similar product as those observed in the radiolysis experiment have been detected. The main difference is that the photolysis products appear both chlorinated and trichloromethylated while the radiolysis product appear almost exclusively trichloromethylated.     

The Solubility of C60 Fullerene in Long Chain Fatty Acids Esters

A series of fatty acid esters of glycerol as linseed, sunflower, soybean and olive oils have been tested as C₆₀ fullerene solvents together with a mixture of methyl ester fatty acids derived from brassica oilseeds and used as a biofuel known as “biodiesel.” All the oils evaluated are effective solvents of C₆₀. The solubility of C₆₀ in the selected vegetable oils has been determined spectrophotometrically. The C₆₀ solubility in vegetable oils may pave the way for easier application of C₆₀ fullerene in medicinal chemistry and in additive chemistry for varnishes and fuels. It has been found that C₆₀ is not only soluble in the fatty acid esters but is also reactive with them under mild conditions, giving addition products easily recognized by a characteristic absorption band at 435 nm. The addition reaction mechanism has been discussed.     

A Powerful Optimization Technique for the Calculation of Binary Phase Diagrams Using Partial Phase Diagram Data

The interaction parameters for variousphases in the Ti-W and Pd-W systems were calcula-ted using phase diagram information by meansof a numerical procedure.The approach differssignificantly from the trial and error methodand has the advantage of being very robust inthe sense that one can make full use of theaccurate experimental phase diagram data anddeal with situations which are difficult oreven impossible for the trial and error method.Using calculated parameters and lattice stabilityvalues for Ti,W and Pd given in literature,the diagrams of the above systems were recalcula-ted.The results are in good agreement withexperimental information.     

In Vitro Effects of Fullerene C60 and Fullerene Black on Immuno-Functions of Macrophages

Bovine alveolar macrophages and HL-60-macrophages were incubated with fullerene C₆₀ and fullerene black particles in native form. No cytotoxic effects were observed. Both types of particles induced the production of Tumor-Necrosis-Factor and interleukin-8 at which fullerene black is more effective. Superoxide anions (O₂) are not released.     

In Vitro Effects of Fullerene C60 and Fullerene Black on Immuno-Functions of Macrophages

Abstract

Bovine alveolar macrophages and HL-60-macrophages were incubated with fullerene C₆₀ and fullerene black particles in native form. No cytotoxic effects were observed. Both types of particles induced the production of Tumor-Necrosis-Factor and interleukin-8 at which fullerene black is more effective. Superoxide anions (O₂) are not released.