三门滩电站直流系统改造分析

水电站直流系统是保证电站继电保护、控制、信号、事故照明回路,及励磁、调速器自动化可靠的二次电源,其可靠性是保障电站安全运行的重要条件之一。因而对直流系统的绝缘实时监督,及时查找其接地故障,分析其危害,并予消除就显得至关主要。     

直流母线常见故障分析及查找方法

直流系统运行过程中经常会出现直流母线接地故障的现象,如不及时预防处理则可能会产生严重的后果.本文将针对直流系统运行过程中常见的直流母线接地故障进行简要分析,并提出相应的故障查找方法,保证电力系统的安全性和高效性.     

浅析变电站直流系统接地故障查找

变电站直流系统是保证变电站工作质量的重要系统，本文深入的分析了变电站直流系统的故障查找情况，并对提升变电站故障查找质量的具体措施进行了深刻的分析。     

直流系统环路及绝缘故障诊断系统的研究

目前,在直流电源系统中常发生的故障类型主要有接地故障、交流窜入故障、两套直流系统环路窜电故障。本文重点是研究直流系统中单极、两极、以及交流窜入接地故障类型及其检测方法,同极性、异极性环网故障的类型及其检测方法,并提出了绝缘电阻、环网电阻及交流对地电压的计算方法,有助于准确地检测出直流电源系统的各种故障。     

直流系统环路及绝缘故障诊断系统的研究

目前,在直流电源系统中常发生的故障类型主要有接地故障、交流窜入故障、两套直流系统环路窜电故障。本文重点是研究直流系统中单极、两极、以及交流窜入接地故障类型及其检测方法,同极性、异极性环网故障的类型及其检测方法,并提出了绝缘电阻、环网电阻及交流对地电压的计算方法,有助于准确地检测出直流电源系统的各种故障。     

基于Cotex-m3的直流绝缘监测模块硬件设计

直流系统是否能够安全可靠运行直接影响着电力系统的安全与稳定,它的绝缘性能降低直接会导致电力系统安全故障。因此基于现有绝缘监测技术的基础,利用ST公司Cotex-m3芯片开发了一款模块化的直流绝缘监测模块,可实现直流绝缘在线检测并及时给出告警。在100V直流系统中测试,实验结果证明该装置具有高可靠性、高稳定性。     

变电站直流系统接地故障分析与处理方法探讨

直流系统主要是为变电站中的安全自动装置、继电保护系统、照明系统、信号设备等系统设施供给电源.直流系统运行的稳定性与可靠性直接关系着整个变电站运行的效率及安全.直流接地是造成变电站直流系统运行故障的常见原因.本文针对直流接地故障原因,探讨了直流系统故障的查找及处理方法,分析了直流故障处理过程中的注意事项,提出了一些预防故障的措施方法.     

变电站直流接地故障的查找及处理

在实际工作开展中,变电站直流系统时常会出现一些问题,而出现问题的实质性原因有很多种,其中有人为因素,也有自然因素,因此,有效减少变电站直流接地故障具有十分重要的作用.本文根据变电站直流系统出现接地故障的实质性原因,在此基础上,提出了变电站直流系统接地故障的查找方法和相应的处理措施.     

利用光纤传感器对直流系统绝缘的监测

介绍一种利用光纤传感器对直流系统绝缘进行监测的装置，可在直流系统发生故障时自动监测故障回路并计算出到故障点的距离，具有方便、灵敏高度的特点。     

对于变电站直流接地故障的一些看法

变电站作为电力系统运行的重要枢纽,直接关系着电网的正常运行.而直流系统作为变电站继电保护、事故照明、信号、控制系统的电源供给系统,直流接地故障对于变电站运行也有着密切的关联.本文首先对变电站直流接地故障所可能引发的后果进行了简要概述,并对直流系统接地故障的查找与处理进行深入探析,希望能够为相关工作的开展提供一定的参考.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.