纳米ZnO复合聚苯丙乳液的合成及其功能性研究

通过无皂乳液聚合制备了纳米ZnO复合聚苯丙乳液,探讨了复合乳液的聚合反应机理,研究了分散剂和单体加入方式对聚合包覆率的影响.TEM测试表明纳米ZnO被包覆在聚合物中.SEM观察表明:通过合成复合乳液使纳米ZnO在涂膜中达到均匀的单分散状态.研究了纳米ZnO复合聚苯丙乳液涂膜的抗紫外线性能和抗菌性能,结果表明使用纳米ZnO复合聚苯丙乳液的涂层材料具有明显的抗菌和吸收紫外线功能.     

建筑外墙涂料用纳米ZnO／PMMA复合乳液的合成

采用原位乳液聚合方法合成了接枝型纳米ZnO／PMMA复合乳液,研究了接枝聚合反应机理,探讨了单体、乳化剂和纳米ZnO用量等因素对聚合反应的影响,考查了复合乳液涂膜的抗紫外线性能,结果表明纳米复合乳液涂层具有明显的吸收紫外光的能力。纳米ZnO／PMMA复合乳液可用于制备功能性外墙涂料。     

纳米氧化锌表面改性及其复合水性聚氨酯涂膜性能的研究

以异丙醇为介质,用钛酸酯偶联剂对纳米ZnO进行表面改性,制备改性纳米ZnO/WPU(水性聚氨酯)复合涂膜。通过涂膜的力学性能来评价纳米ZnO的改性效果,讨论了改性纳米ZnO添加量对涂膜的力学性能、耐摩擦性能及耐水性能的影响。结果表明:当偶联剂用量为2%(质量分数),搅拌时间为70 min,反应温度为50℃时,纳米ZnO改性效果最好,当改性纳米ZnO添加量为0.3%(质量分数)时涂膜的综合性能最佳。     

不同分散剂对纳米ZnO分散性能的影响

以均匀沉淀法制备的纳米ZnO为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,研究了超声时间、超声温度和聚乙二醇(2000)对纳米ZnO分散性能的影响。结果表明:聚乙二醇(2000)的最佳反应条件:超声时间70 min,超声温度20℃,分散剂用量0.6 mL。最后分别以聚乙二醇(6000)、聚乙二醇(4000)和聚乙二醇(2000)为分散剂,研究了分散剂种类对纳米ZnO分散性能的影响,结果表明:不同分散剂对纳米ZnO分散性能不同,聚乙二醇(6000)具有较好的空间位阻效应,其分散性能最好,其次为聚乙二醇(4000),聚乙二醇(2000)分散效果最差。     

纳米ZnO/ZnOw/HDPE抗菌性能及力学性能研究

研究了氧化锌晶须（ZnOw）对纳米ZnO／HDPE（高密度聚乙烯）抗菌性能的影响，并对制备的抗菌塑料表面形貌、力学性能等进行表征。结果表明，纳米ZnO／ZnOw／HDPE复合抗菌塑料的抗菌效果优于纳米ZnO／HDPE抗菌塑料的，添加ZnOw的复合抗菌材料在抗菌剂质量分数为2％时，对大肠杆菌的抗菌率已达到99．9％，相当于纳米ZnO的添加量为1.4％时，抗菌率即可达到99．9％。ZnOw可有效改善纳米ZnO的表面分散状态，并且复合抗菌剂的添加对材料的力学性能没有影响。     

纳米TiO2复合有机抗菌涂膜的制备及性能表征

考察了聚丙烯酰胺分散剂和2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP-95)对纳米TiO2-水分散液的平均粒径和Zeta电位的影响，确定了各自的最佳加入量。并制备出纳米TiO2-苯乙烯-丙烯酸聚合物乳液，制得纳米TiO2复合有机抗菌涂膜。结果表明，聚丙烯酰胺的最佳加入量为2％，AMP-95的最佳加入量为％，且经透射电镜(TFM)观察，有机涂料的TiO2颗粒分散性良好，平均粒径为50nm；该有机涂膜经自然光照24h后，对大肠杆菌的杀菌率可达84％。     

油基纳米氧化锌分散浆的制备及其流变特性

选用硬脂酸钠对ZnO进行表面湿法改性，以环十五硅氧烷硅油为溶剂，PEG-10聚二甲基硅氧烷为分散剂，通过机械球磨法制备了纳米ZnO分散浆。利用水接触角、热重、TEM和FTIR对纳米ZnO粉体进行表征。结果表明，硬脂酸钠改性后，粉体具有疏水性，且硬脂酸钠最佳包覆量为6%（以ZnO的质量计，下同）。硬脂酸钠包覆量为6%的疏水性纳米ZnO粉体，包覆层厚度约为2 nm，此时水接触角最大为145.4°。模拟防晒乳液的防晒性能测试中，纳米氧化锌分散浆的紫外屏蔽性能显著优于粉体。流变特性测试表明，分散浆为假塑性流体，流动曲线符合Ostwald-de Wale幂律方程，具有剪切稀化特性；分散浆的黏度低，触变性小，储存稳定性高；温度升高，黏度降低，配方生产中对温度的敏感程度较小 。     

纳米Si02改性丙烯酸酯乳液的工艺研究

采用水溶性环氧树脂对纳米SiO2进行化学改性，有效改善了纳米SiO2的表面性能。通过原位聚合法和共混法制备纳米SiO2／聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液，发现纳米SiO2的加入明显改善了涂膜的硬度、附着力、拉伸强度和耐候性，原位聚合法制备的复合乳液综合性能优于共混法。     

纳米氧化锌在水介质中的分散性能研究

纳米粉体的分散性能对提高分散体系的导热性能具有重要意义,试验选用纳米粒子在水介质中的Zeta电位和水合粒径来表征体系的分散稳定性,探讨不同分散剂种类及其浓度以及不同pH条件对ZnO水悬浮液稳定性的影响,并分析其作用机理.结果表明:Zeta电位与水合粒径有良好的对应关系,Zeta电位绝对值越高,水合粒径越小,表明体系分散稳定越好.pH值、分散剂种类及加入量是影响纳米ZnO水相体系分散稳定性的主要因素,不同的分散剂最佳分散条件不同.在 0.1% ZnO-H2O纳米流体中,在 pH=11.4,加入 0.05%十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)分散剂,悬浮液的稳定性最佳.     

原位乳液聚合法制备聚苯乙烯一丙烯酸酯／纳米蒙脱土复合乳液

通过原位乳液聚合法，采用5种不同类型的蒙脱土制备了聚苯乙烯一丙烯酸酯／蒙脱土复合乳液。讨论了各种影响因素对复合乳液制备及乳液涂膜性能的影响，采用正交实验的方法对实验工艺进行优化，并采用X射线衍射（XRD）对复合物结构进行了分析。结果表明：蒙脱土在复合物中呈现纳米级分散，形成了插层型结构。钠型蒙脱土制备出的复合乳液性能较好，蒙脱土含量增加对单体聚合有一定阻聚作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。