共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 296 毫秒
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《中国材料进展》2017,(1)
利用光催化技术将低密度的太阳能转化为高密度的化学能或直接降解有机污染物,是解决能源短缺和环境污染等问题的理想途径。氮化碳是近期发展出来的一类聚合物半导体新型光催化剂,在分解水制氢、污染物降解、二氧化碳还原、选择性有机合成等研究方面有着重要科学意义和应用前景。前驱物超分子自组装法是制备高效纳米氮化碳光催化剂的重要合成方法之一。通过分子间的弱相互作用力,如三聚氰胺与三嗪衍生物之间的氢键相互作用,形成有序的超分子组装体,再进一步焙烧热聚合可制备氮化碳纳米材料。通过控制自组装过程的反应参数和条件,可以有效地调控氮化碳的组成、形貌、能带结构、光学性能、光生载流子分离效率,从而提高氮化碳的光催化性能。综述了超分子自组装法合成氮化碳光催化剂的最新研究进展,总结了系列纳米结构氮化碳光催化剂的研究工作,包括共聚合改性氮化碳、非金属掺杂氮化碳、金属掺杂氮化碳、金属氧化物-氮化碳复合物、氮化碳异质结以及高结晶度氮化碳光催化剂等。同时阐述了超分子自组装法对氮化碳的组成、结构和光催化性能的调控作用,并就该研究领域未来发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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氮化铀(UN)核燃料具有铀原子密度高、熔点高、导热性好、耐辐照、良好的液态金属相容性等特点,被认为是小型模块化反应堆及事故容错燃料的重要候选燃料.相对氧化铀核燃料,氮化铀燃料合成工艺复杂,制造及保存难度高,并且其性能随着合成工艺不同而有所差异,进而影响其在反应堆的服役性能.本文主要介绍了碳热还原氮化路线、金属氮化路线、铀氟铵化合物氮化路线、溶胶-凝胶法4种氮化铀合成工艺,并对各方法的原理、研究现状、优缺点等进行了分析,以期为氮化铀合成工艺发展提供参考. 相似文献
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氮化碳具有优良的热稳定性、高热导率、较大的禁带宽度和负的电子亲和势等优点,是一种极具潜力的场发射阴极材料。本文在介绍氮化碳的结构、性能以及作为场发射材料的研究现状的基础上,着重评述了氮化碳薄膜和粉体的制备方法;从优化结构中的sp^(2)簇的数量及尺寸、调控表面形貌、元素掺杂,以及通过与其他场发射材料复合或表面修饰形成多级发射结构等方面,阐述了优化氮化碳场发射性能的方法。最后总结了氮化碳薄膜和粉体分别作为场发射阴极材料仍然存在的问题,并以此指出将来开展相关研究的重点在于继续优化其场发射性能,以及探索其内部结构、缺陷等对场发射性能的影响。 相似文献
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以含硫单体三聚硫氰酸为合成原料之一,低温溶剂热法合成硫掺杂氮化碳材料(CNS)。利用XRD、FT-IR、SEM、XPS等技术对催化剂进行了表征。通过对Cr(Ⅵ)的还原去除和光解水制氢性能测试,研究了CNS的光催化还原性能。结果表明,硫元素主要取代氮化碳分子中晶格氮形成C—S键。随着聚合反应时间的延长,所得产物中硫含量升高。催化剂具有显著的可见光吸收,随着聚合时间的延长,吸收带边红移,可扩展至约700nm。与直接煅烧法制备的氮化碳相比,在可见光照下,CNS对Cr(Ⅵ)具有显著增强的还原去除性。同时,CNS催化剂具有明显的光解水制氢性能。机理分析表明,光生电子和·O2-是CNS光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的主要活性物种。 相似文献
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以柠檬酸铵为原料采用一步水热法,通过改变反应温度合成出了两种分别具有激发波长独立和激发波长依赖荧光的碳量子点.通过考察两类碳量子点的物理、化学性质以及光学性能,可以推断碳点的结构与荧光发射之间的关系,最终研究碳量子点产生不同发光行为的原因.结果发现升高合成温度可以在碳量子点中引入更多的氧、氮杂原子,增加了结构缺陷(杂原... 相似文献
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AbstractMesoporous materials have been paid much attention in both scientific researches and practical applications. In this review, we focus on recent developments on preparation and functionalization of new families of mesoporous materials, especially non-siliceous mesoporous materials invented in our research group. Replica synthesis is known as the method to synthesize mesoporous materials composed of various elements using originally prepared mesoporous replica. This strategy has been applied for the syntheses of novel mesoporous materials such as carbon nanocage and mesoporous carbon nitride. Carbon nanocage has a cage-type structure with huge surface area and pore volume, which exhibits superior capabilities for biomolecular adsorption. Mesoporous carbon nitride was synthesized, for first time, by using mixed material source of carbon and nitrogen simultaneously. As a totally new strategy for synthesis of mesoporous materials, the elemental substitution method has been recently proposed by us. Direct substitution of component elements in original mesoporous materials, with maintaining structural regularity, provided novel mesoporous materials. According to this synthetic strategy, mesoporous boron nitride and mesoporous boron carbon nitride have been successfully prepared, for first time. In addition to these material inventions, hybridization of high functional materials, such as biomaterials, to mesoporous structure has been also developed. Especially, immobilization of proteins in mesopores was systematically researched, and preparation of peptidehybridized mesoporous silica was demonstrated. These new families of mesoporous materials introduced in this review would have high potentials in future practical applications in wide ranges from electronics and photonics to environmental and medical uses. 相似文献
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Ajayan Vinu Toshiyuki Mori Katsuhiko Ariga 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2006,7(8):753-771
Mesoporous materials have been paid much attention in both scientific researches and practical applications. In this review, we focus on recent developments on preparation and functionalization of new families of mesoporous materials, especially non-siliceous mesoporous materials invented in our research group. Replica synthesis is known as the method to synthesize mesoporous materials composed of various elements using originally prepared mesoporous replica. This strategy has been applied for the syntheses of novel mesoporous materials such as carbon nanocage and mesoporous carbon nitride. Carbon nanocage has a cage-type structure with huge surface area and pore volume, which exhibits superior capabilities for biomolecular adsorption. Mesoporous carbon nitride was synthesized, for first time, by using mixed material source of carbon and nitrogen simultaneously. As a totally new strategy for synthesis of mesoporous materials, the elemental substitution method has been recently proposed by us. Direct substitution of component elements in original mesoporous materials, with maintaining structural regularity, provided novel mesoporous materials. According to this synthetic strategy, mesoporous boron nitride and mesoporous boron carbon nitride have been successfully prepared, for first time. In addition to these material inventions, hybridization of high functional materials, such as biomaterials, to mesoporous structure has been also developed. Especially, immobilization of proteins in mesopores was systematically researched, and preparation of peptide-hybridized mesoporous silica was demonstrated. These new families of mesoporous materials introduced in this review would have high potentials in future practical applications in wide ranges from electronics and photonics to environmental and medical uses. 相似文献
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随着雷达探测技术的迅猛发展和电磁波辐射污染的日益加剧,新型吸波材料的研究和开发成为各国研究的热点。单一吸收剂存在吸波频带窄和吸收强度低等缺点,无法满足新型吸波材料频带宽、厚度薄、质量轻、吸收强的要求。碳材料具有密度低和吸波性能好等优点,通过与其他吸收剂的双组分、多组分复合,或对复合材料的微观结构进行设计,碳系复合材料表现出优异的吸波性能。简要介绍了吸波材料的工作机理,然后分别从炭黑、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯和其他碳系材料等5个方面综述了碳系材料在电磁波吸收中的应用和发展,归纳了碳系材料吸波性能的最新研究进展,最后提出了当前研究中存在的不足并明确了研究方向。 相似文献
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类金刚石薄膜的摩擦学特性及磨损机制研究进展 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
类金刚石薄膜已显示了重要的摩擦学应用价值,其中化学气相沉积的类金刚石薄膜(DLC)具有膜层致密、厚度均匀、摩擦学性能优良等特点成为广泛采用的一种沉积方法.本文介绍了气源成分、基体材料、摩擦环境、摩擦对偶、载荷及速度对化学气相沉积制备类金刚石薄膜的摩擦学特性的影响,概述了其摩擦磨损机理,同时探讨了进一步研究工作的方向. 相似文献
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类石墨烯氮化碳具有与石墨烯非常相似的结构特征,已在光催化、润滑等领域表现出极优越的性能,成为二维纳米功能材料领域的新热点。本文重点介绍了基于微波辐照合成类石墨烯氮化碳的研究进展,并通过与氧化刻蚀、液相超声剥离、热聚合等传统合成方法的比较,分析了微波合成在制备效率、效果上的优势;并指出采用高功率微波设备和石墨粉、短切碳纤维等对微波具有强烈响应的微波吸收剂,通过增强能量传递与吸收效率,强化微波电磁场环境下合成反应的非稳态程度,有助于提高合成效率、效果,并获取得到特殊形态、结构的新产物。 相似文献
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Muhammed Faheem Lavaggi Tania Advani Suresh Mirotznik Mark Gillespie John W. 《Journal of Materials Science》2021,56(32):17877-17914
Journal of Materials Science - Carbon–carbon composites (CCCs) are a unique form of carbon fiber-reinforced materials that exhibit excellent thermomechanical properties under extreme... 相似文献