双τ2屈服准则在受压平板圆孔问题中的应用

材料的屈服准则是塑性力学研究的重要理论基础，现广泛应用的屈服准则有Mises屈服准则、Tresca屈服准则以及俞茂宏双剪应力屈服准则等.根据这些屈服准则推导出了双τ²屈服准则理论，成功地求解了受压平板圆孔问题，推导出了受压平板圆孔的塑性区范围以及极限值.并与Mises屈服准则和Tresca屈服准则和俞茂宏双剪屈服准则的计算结果进行了比较.分析表明，双τ²屈服准则的理论预测位于Mises屈服准则和俞茂宏双剪屈服准则之间，结果令人满意.     

统一屈服准则与变分法求解圆板均布极限载荷

为获得均布载荷下简支圆板极限载荷统一解析解,以最小势能原理、刚塑性第一变分原理以及统一屈服准则(unified yield criterion,UYC)比塑性功进行联合解析.获得的解析解为圆板半径a、材料屈服极限σ_s、板厚h以及屈服参数b的函数.由该解可导出Tresca解、Mises解、双剪应力屈服(twin shear stress,TSS)解.与传统的Tresca解析解及Mises数值解比较表明:获得的TSS解和Tresca解分别为计算结果的上下限,该Mises解析解与传统的Mises数值解基本一致,二者误差仅为4.2%.分析表明:随着圆板厚度减小,挠度增加;圆板半径增加,极限载荷增加.     

基于双剪屈服准则的空心旋转圆盘弹塑性分析

为了分析空心旋转圆盘的弹塑性应力分布机理,采用双剪应力屈服准则对理想弹塑性材料、等厚度空心旋转圆盘进行了弹塑性应力分析.结果表明,空心旋转圆盘的径向应力随着弹塑性转速的增大而增加,随后却随着转速的进一步增大而减小;而环向应力随着弹塑性转速的增大一直趋于增加;塑性极限转速随着空心旋转圆盘的内外径比值的增大而减小.由于双剪应力屈服准则与Tresca屈服准则的屈服轨迹分别对应屈服轨迹的上限和下限,在结构设计中,基于双剪应力屈服准则的设计,能够充分发挥材料的潜能,而基于Tresca准则的设计则趋向于保守     

裂纹起裂角预测方法研究

本文提出一个新的屈服准则,该屈服准则适用于岩石类材料的小范围屈服,旨在预测弹塑性材料的破坏行为,基于该屈服准则,推导出了I型,II型以及I-II混合型裂纹尖端塑性区半径并对在单轴拉伸和纯剪切等荷载作用下的裂纹尖端塑性区进行了分析。结果显示,荷载加载方式、裂纹倾斜角和材料内摩擦角对塑性区的形状与大小有显著影响。根据对裂纹尖端塑性区的分析,基于如下假设：裂纹沿塑性区最短路径扩展,本文在提出的屈服准则的基础上导出了新的断裂准则,该准则可预测裂纹开裂初始角。相较于其他断裂准则,文献实验结果与本文提出的准则吻合地更好,能更加精确的预测裂纹的起裂角。     

基于Tresca屈服准则的轴对称球扁壳的极限分析方法

导出了轴对称球扁壳基于Tresca屈服准则下的极限条件，并用静力法与机动法求解了周边简支且在均布荷载下的球扁壳的极限荷载。     

屈服准则与裂纹开裂判据

本文提出了在裂尖附近的弹塑性交界线上,选择并比较有关的力学参量,以预测复合型裂纹的失稳扩展的方法。分别用Mises,Tresca,Twin shear stsess屈服准则讨论了裂尖附近的塑性区形状与大小,进而在其周界上选择周向应力σ_θ,周向应变ε_θ,塑性区长度γ_P作岛裂纹失稳扩展的控制参量,以预测其失稳扩展的方向及条件。对不同准则与不同控制参量所预测的结果进行了比较。     

钢筋砼板极限分析的塑性铰线理论的改进

文章利用双剪屈服准则[1]导出了钢筋砼薄板屈服时屈服条件,并利用此屈服条件创立了用机动法计算薄板极限载荷的新的塑性铰线理论,它与用原有塑性铰理论所计算的结果比较,更符合实验结果[2-4].     

钢筋砼板极限分析的塑性铰线理论的改进

文章利用双剪屈服准则导出了钢筋砼薄板屈服时屈服条件,并利用此屈服条件创立了用机法计算薄板极限载荷的新的塑性铰线理论,它与用原有塑性铰理论所计算的结果比较,更符合实验结果。     

基于复合屈服准则的混凝土塑性损伤模型

引入拉伸损伤变量和剪切损伤变量来共同描述损伤对混凝土宏观力学性能的劣化,采用带拉断的MohrCoulomb准则作为塑性损伤模型的屈服准则以及非关联的Drucker-Parager塑性势函数,在热力学和连续损伤理论的框架内建立损伤准则和损伤演化方程,提出了一种改进的混凝土塑性损伤模型,并采用基于完全隐式的向后Euler积...     

屈服准则与重力坝超载安全系数的相关分析

有限元法的计算精度与可靠性和屈服准则的适当选择直接相关。因此,在坝体稳定性数值分析中,屈服准则的选择对重力坝超载安全系数影响较大。为了研究屈服准则与重力坝超载安全系数的本质关系,进而给数值计算中屈服准则适当选择提供理论依据,运用应力解法推导了屈服准则随着罗代角的变化与重力坝超载安全系数之间的函数关系,并运用有限元法对向家坝水利工程大坝深层抗滑稳定性进行验证与研究。研究表明内切圆锥屈服准则使得超载安全系数取得极小值,坝体最容易发生塑性流动失稳,而扩展锥屈服准则下的超载安全系数最大,坝体不容易发生塑性流动失稳     

Improved slope safety analysis by new Druker-Prager type criterion

Based on Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) criterion, the parameters of Druker-Prager (D-P) criterion for geomaterial were determined under non-associated flow rule, and thus a new D-P type criterion was presented. Two assumptions were employed during the derivation: 1) principal strains by M-C model and D-P model are equal, and 2) the material is under plane strain condition. Based on the analysis of the surface on π plane, it is found that the proposed D-P type criterion is better than the D-P criterion with M-C circumscribed circle or M-C inscribed circle, and is applicable for stress Lode angle less than zero. By comparing the predicted results with the test data of sand under plane strain condition and other D-P criteria, the proposed criterion is verified and agrees well with the test data, which is further proved to be better than other D-P type criteria in certain range of Lode angle. The criterion was compiled into a finite difference package FLAC3D by user-subroutine, and was used to analyze the stability of a slope by strength reduction method. The predicted slope safety factor from the proposed criterion agrees well with that by Spencer method, and it is more accurate than that from classic D-P criteria.     

基于三剪屈服准则的材料弹塑性统一本构方程

为了改进双剪统一强度理论公式的分段表达,克服双剪统一弹塑性本构模型在θ=θb点上的双重滑移角现象,考虑十二面体单元上所有三个主剪应力共同作用的三剪屈服准则建立了材料的弹塑性统一本构方程,该弹塑性统一本构方程适合于服从Tresca屈服准则到Von Mises屈服准则的全部材料。     

混凝土在双向应力作用下新的破坏准则和弹塑性本构关系

讨论了混凝土在双向应力作用下的破坏准则和弹塑性本构关系。根据混凝土的破坏特性，提出一个包含二个物理参数的破坏准则。在此基础上，通过构造塑性位势导出了混凝土在双向应力作用下弹塑性本构关系。最后，该破坏准则和本构关系与混凝土实验进行了比较，从而证实了它们的有效性。     

积分中值屈服准则解析厚板轧制椭圆速度场

为解决非线性Mises比塑性功率积分困难以及由此导致的轧制功率解析式难以获得的问题,本文通过建立并利用线性比塑性功率表达式对提出的椭圆速度场进行能量分析,得到了轧制力能参数的解析解.文中通过对变角度屈服函数求积分中值,构建了一个新的屈服准则,它是主应力分量的线性组合,在π平面上的轨迹是逼近Mises圆的等边非等角的十二边形,其基于Lode参数表达式的理论结果也与实验数据吻合较好.同时,根据厚板轧制时金属流动速度从入口到出口逐渐增大的特点,提出了水平速度分量满足椭圆方程的速度场,该速度场满足运动许可条件.通过相应的轧制能量分析,获得了基于线性屈服准则的内部变形功率以及基于应变矢量内积法上的摩擦功率与剪切功率.在此之上,通过泛函的极值变分导出了轧制力矩、轧制力以及应力状态系数的解析解,并与现场实测数据进行了对比,结果表明利用本文提出的屈服准则与速度场所建立的轧制力矩与轧制力模型与实测值吻合较好,其中轧制力误差小于5.3%,轧制力矩误差在6%左右.     

对会计准则制定模式的分析

会计准则制定模式直接影响着会计准则的质量。根据制定权的归属划分,会计准则的制定模式包括政府主体模式与民间主体模式,以及由政府和民间结合的混合主体模式。随着会计准则与制定机构的完善,准则制定程序的透明度增强,信息渠道更为畅通。以政府力量为主导的会计准则委员会,应该调动民间智力资源,提高准则制度的参与程度。     

A unified criterion for yielding behavior of metallic glasses

The yield behavior of metallic glasses was studied. Three yield criteria, including von Mises yield criterion, Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and the unified yield criterion were used to describe the yield phenomena of the metallic glasses. Two classes of the experimental data were chosen to draw the yield loci using the unified yield criterion. It is shown that the unified yield criterion can be used to describe the yield behavior of the metallic glasses no matter whether the metallic glasses show strength-different effect or non-strength-different effect. Almost all the widely accepted yield criteria are the subsets of the unified yield criterion if the intermediate principle stress and/or the intermediate principle shear stress are not considered at all.     

Dynamic analysis of fault rockburst based on gradient-dependent plasticity and energy criterion

Fault rockburst is treated as a strain localization problem under dynamic loading condition considering strain gradient and strain rate. As a kind of dynamic fracture phenomena, rockburst has characteristics of strain localization, which is considered as a one-dimensional shear problem subjected to normal compressive stress and tangential shear stress. The constitutive relation of rock material is bilinear (elastic and strain softening) and sensitive to shear strain rate. The solutions proposed based on gradientdependent plasticity show that intense plastic strain is concentrated in fault band and the thickness of the band depends on the characteristic length of rock material. The post-peak stiffness of the fault band was determined according to the constitutive parameters of rock material and shear strain rate. Fault band undergoing strain softening and elastic rock mass outside the band constitute a system and the instability criterion of the system was proposed based on energy theory. The criterion depends on the constitutive relation of rock material, the structural size and the strain rate. The static result regardless of the strain rate is the special case of the present analytical solution. High strain rate can lead to instability of the system.     

三剪应力统一屈服准则研究

为克服单剪屈服准则仅考虑最大主切应力和双剪准则只考虑两个较大主切应力的缺点，以菱形十二面单元体为依据，同时考虑单元体上的三个主切应力τ13、τ12、和τ23、对材料屈服的影响，认为这三者的组合达到某一极值时，材料即出现屈服．提出了三剪应力统一屈服准则，三剪屈服准则可更大限度地发挥材料的强度潜力．该屈服准则比单剪屈服准则和双剪屈服准则更具有一般性．它还可以考虑单元体上所作用的全部剪应力的不同组合，从而构成外凸和非凸两大族屈服面．     

建筑尺度与人的心理

通过建筑实例分析,阐述建筑尺度与人的心理的关系,以及如何在建筑设计中正确把握建筑尺寸,体现建筑的性格特征。