复合外套避雷器在昌房500kV紧凑型线路的防雷效果分析

５００ ｋＶ昌房紧凑型线路采用线路避雷器后,能较大地提高线路的耐雷水平。紧凑型线路避雷器本体的荷电率取０．９,完全能承受雷击杆塔时的放电电流和放电能量。     

1 000 kV大跨越直线塔防雷间隙取值及优化

为评估1000kV交流特高压大跨越线路的耐雷性能,首先依据设计规范要求,计算了直线塔雷电过电压间隙取值,随后利用ATP-EMTP建立仿真模型,研究了大跨越线路的反击及绕击耐雷水平和雷击跳闸率,最后分析了线路避雷器对耐雷性能的影响。研究结果表明：直线塔下相安装避雷器,可显著提高大跨越线路的耐雷性能,使雷击跳闸率降低66%;安装避雷器后,上、中相雷电过电压间隙可减小1.5m,此时雷击无故障时间为99年,这有利于降低塔高、节省塔材。     

外串联间隙线路避雷器在商丘电网中的应用分析

从解决同塔双回线路雷击同时跳闸和保障牵引站的供电可靠性方面,进行了充分调研、论证,采取将外串联（纯）间隙（金属氧化物）线路避雷器安装在输电线路的易击段作为防雷措施。具体分析了雷击线路跳闸的原因,讨论了高压送电线路的防雷措施,以及外串联间隙避雷器的保护原理、选用原则以及安装前的准备工作。结果表明：近年来,已安装外串联（纯）间隙（金属氧化物）线路避雷器的杆塔未发生雷击跳闸。     

Minimum Distance of Lightning Protection Between Insulator String and Line Surge Arrester in Parallel

The line surge arrester can effectively improve the lightning protection performances of transmission lines by eliminating the insulator flashover. If the line arrester is very close to the insulator string in parallel, the lightning discharging would take place in the gap between the upper discharging ring of the line arrester and the bottom grading ring of the insulator string, there is no discharging in the series gap of the line arrester. Sometimes, the insulator string would have a flashover, the line surge arrester cannot provide protection for the insulator string. This so-called “transverse discharge” phenomenon is caused by the proximity effect of the discharging ring of the line arrester. This phenomenon is explained in this paper, and the transverse discharge phenomenon is simulated in high voltage laboratory. The demanded minimum distances between the 110-kV and 220-kV line arrester and insulator string protected are proposed from experimental results.      

采用线路型避雷器提高35 kV输电线路的耐雷水平

研究了在35 kV输电线路雷电"易击段"绝缘子串上并接线路避雷器来提高线路耐雷水平的方法。建立了雷电波作用下35 kV输电线路电磁暂态仿真计算模型,借助电磁暂态软件(ATP_EMTP)仿真分析了线路避雷器对35 kV输电线路耐雷水平的影响。计算结果表明,在"易击段"架设线路避雷器后,可明显提高35 kV输电线路的耐雷水平,尤其雷直击导线时,线路避雷器的作用效果更加明显;雷击杆塔塔顶时,杆塔接地电阻是影响35 kV输电线路耐雷水平的重要因素。最后,仿真估算了不同避雷器架设方案下35 kV输电线路的耐雷水平。本研究对于平原地区35 kV输电线路的线路防雷具有重要意义。     

220kV双回同杆并架线路采用氧化锌避雷器提高耐雷水平的研究

对２２０ｋＶ双回同杆并架输电线路采用氧化锌避雷器以提高耐雷水平进行了计算分析,具体地比较了雷直击杆塔时安装不同支数避雷器的防雷效果,分析了接地电阻,线路档距等因素对耐雷水平的影响,同时计算了线路避雷器吸收的雷电放电能量,文章指出,采用线路避雷器,可以显著提高输电线路的耐雷水平,杆塔接地电阻对线路的耐雷水平影响很大,线路的耐雷水平基本上随接地电阻的增加而减小。     

针对某35kV配电线路防雷问题的探讨

雷击是导致35 kV配电线路故障的重要原因之一。丘陵地区雷电活动频繁,对35 kV架空线路的安全运行危害极大。衡量线路防雷性能优劣的重要指标有两个:一是线路雷击跳闸率;二是线路耐雷水平。分析了河南某35 kV线路防雷现状,认为线路耐雷水平不高、运行维护不到位、防雷措施不够完善是导致35 kV配电线路雷击跳闸率高的重要原因。结果表明:采取全面检测绝缘子,更换劣质绝缘子、加装带间隙的线路避雷器、提高线路的绝缘水平、采用输电线路绝缘子并联间隙技术保护改造方案、架设避雷线等多种措施进行综合治理,可以大幅度减少雷害事故。     

输电线路避雷器断串分析与防范

目前采用的线路型避雷器多为绝缘子间隙避雷器。运行单位在安装线路避雷器时主要考虑的是避雷器的电气性能,很少对避雷器的安装形式和运行状态下的受力情况进行分析,以至运行中出现掉串现象。例举了一起线路型避雷器断串缺陷,通过计算分析得出断串的原因,并提出了避雷器安装的防范措施。     

线路遭受连续雷击造成断路器事故分析

介绍一起由于线路遭受连续雷击造成线路断路器发生断口击穿的事故,基于雷电波传播理论,分析了致使断路器断口击穿的原因,又根据现场实际情况,建立一个仿真模型,利用过电压计算软件EMTP(Electromagnetic Transient Program)对该模型进行仿真分析,理论分析和模拟仿真证明,如果断路器断口很容易被雷电过电压击穿,针对此类情况,提出在断路器进(出)线侧安装金属氧化锌避雷器,如变电站内无安装位置,可在线路终杆塔上安装带间隙的氧化锌避雷器。     

A Procedure for Estimating the Lifetime of Gapless Metal Oxide Surge Arresters for AC Application

The development of the gapless metal oxide (ZnO) surge arrester has presented the arrester engineer with new materials and an opportunity for new designs. This situation arises because the gapless surge arrester is electrically active throughout its lifetime whereas its predecessor, the silicon carbide arrester, was electrically passive being electrically isolated with gap structures. The prime consideration is one of reliably estimating the lifetime of a gapless ZnO surge arrester under continuous ac stress while maintaining the capability not only to limit surge voltages but also to absorb energy inputs resulting from lightning or switching surges and temporary overvoltages. In this paper we establish a procedure for reliably estimating the lifetime of gapless metal oxide surge arresters for ac application by incorporating the device characteristics into design requirements. This method is illustrated for metal oxide surge arrester elements that exhibit a predictable linear resistive current versus time1/2 behavior as a function of applied voltage and temperature.     

陕西地区配电线路新型防雷装置研究与应用

针对陕西地区配电线路避雷器防雷效果不理想这一现状,提出一种多腔室雷击闪络限制器。该装置防雷性能优异,采用吹弧原理,熄弧能力强。经过试验,确定其串联级数为26级,电极直径8 mm,电极间隙1 mm,主间隙距离取45 mm时能可靠动作。工频湿耐受电压、50%雷电冲击动作电压、雷电冲击伏秒特性以及工频续流遮断能力均满足标准要求。装置在陕西地区典型线路上运行良好,防雷效果优异。     

鲁中山区220kV输电线路雷击过电压与防护研究

以鲁中山区某220kV输电线路作为研究对象,根据实际参数采用杆塔多波阻抗模型模拟了雷电流、输电线路、杆塔、绝缘子串和避雷器,建立了雷击输电线路的仿真模型。本文基于ATP-EMTP电磁暂态分析软件,分析了线路避雷器组合安装和接地电阻对输电线路耐雷水平的影响。仿真结果显示:输电线路按策略分相组合加装避雷器和降低杆塔的接地电阻可以有效保护输电线路的安全,提升电网的安全经济效益。     

110kV带串联间隙复合外套线路型氧化锌避雷器的应用

减少输电线路雷击跳闸率一直是电力工程技术人员关注的课题,对于雷电活动强烈、土壤电阻率高、地形复杂的山区线路,采用常规的措施降低雷击跳闸率已难以奏效。实践表明,采用线路避雷器是有效的防雷措施之一。重点介绍110kV带串联间隙线路型复合外套氧化锌避雷器的保护原理、技术参数和组装工艺要求。     

Development and applications of lightning arresters fortransmission lines

A lightning arrester with a series gap for transmission lines has been developed to prevent faults due to lightning. It has shown excellent performance since 1986 on 77 kV service lines in heavy lightning regions. A 275 kV lightning arrester has also been developed, and a field test was started on a service line in 1988. The authors describe the requirements for lightning arresters for transmission lines, design concepts, specifications, and operational records on the 77 kV lines for three years. The gapped-type lightning arrester is considered the most practical given the existing technology. To obtain light and small lightning arresters, an ethylene-propylene rubber shed was adopted for external insulation and a special pressure relief mechanism was introduced in place of the pressure relief guide of the station arresters. The follow current can be cut off within a period of 0.25 to 0.5 cycles even under contaminated and wet conditions     

具有绝缘子性能避雷器的结构设计与试验分析

高压输电线路通常采用线路避雷器并联绝缘子的方式作为其防雷措施,从而保证绝缘子在雷电时免受过电压闪络损伤,而此方式却造成线路和铁塔的负荷增大,线路设施复杂化。针对上述问题设计了一种具有绝缘子性能的避雷器,结合绝缘子和避雷器的试验标准以及设备的结构特点进行了试验研究和测试,并给出明确的试验项目和测试结果。     

220kV变电站进线防雷措施的完善

通过对一起变电站雷电侵入波造成站内断路器损坏案例的阐述,对输电线路和变电站的防雷保护进行分析,提出完善线路防雷保护的措施。文中讨论了在合适的地点加装线路避雷器,以及线路避雷器的安装方式和运行注意事项,以减少雷电灾害对电网安全稳定运行的影响。     

有关线路避雷器标准和参数设计中的几个问题

结合新制订的电力行业标准“交流输电线路用复合外套金属氧化物避雷器”（讨论稿）,对一些参数设计问题,如线路避雷器设计的基本要求,额定电压、直流1mA参考电压、方波冲击电流值、操作冲击通流能力、串联间隙的放电电压特性、串联间隙支撑绝缘子试验电压值的确定等,提出一些看法与建议,供有关部门特别是制订标准的部门参考和讨论,以期有利于该类新产品的推广使用和设计水平的提高。     

一起220kV SF_6断路器爆炸事故的原因分析及仿真计算

针对广东500 kV北郊站220 kV北石乙线开关爆炸事故,利用ATP-EMTP软件进行了仿真计算,计算结果表明:事故可能是由连续雷击造成的,北郊变电站的输电线进线段不设防(未装避雷器)是重要原因之一,北郊变电站线路侧无避雷器保护,断路器在开关断开的情况下难以抵御雷电侵入波,因而造成北郊变电站断路器发生爆炸。     

输电线路避雷器的应用及其安装方案

雷击是输电线路的主要危害。线路避雷器是降低线路雷击跳闸率的有效手段,我国已使用的线路避雷器运行情况良好。但由于线路避雷器价格昂贵,线路全线安装是不现实的,所以线路避雷器的安装地点和方式是一个比较重要的问题。本文对输电线路雷害事故及防雷措施进行了分析论述,并介绍了输电线路避雷器的发展及应用情况。最后结合我国多年的应用经验和计算分析,对于输电线路避雷器的安装方案提出了一些一般性的意见,并详细分析解释了这些意见的理由。     

Detection of Damaged Distribution Surge Arresters Using an Impulse Generator

Distribution surge arresters with an internal series gap have been installed on Japanese distribution lines at high density to reduce lightning‐related overvoltages. In contrast, surge arresters are sometimes damaged by direct lightning strokes, particularly in winter. Measurement of the insulation resistance between the terminals of the surge arrester and measurement of the dc discharge voltage of the surge arrester are generally adopted to detect damaged arresters. However, if metal‐oxide (MO) varistors are damaged and the internal series gap is not damaged, it is difficult to detect damaged arresters by the two conventional methods. Therefore, this paper presents a proposed detection method that can accurately detect damaged arresters. In the proposed method, first, the voltage between the terminals of the surge arrester is measured when the output of an impulse generator is applied to the surge arrester. Second, the damaged arrester is detected by comparison between its voltage waveform and the voltage waveform of the nondamaged arrester. The detection rate of damaged arresters by the proposed method is markedly higher than the rates of detection by the two conventional methods.