基于循环抑制CPG模型控制的蛇形机器人蜿蜒运动

根据生物蛇和蛇形机器人的结构及运动特点,应用循环抑制CPG建模理论构建了蛇形机器人神经网络模型;利用蛇形机器人模型,仿真验证了CPG模型对蜿蜒运动控制的有效性;提出并仿真验证了实现有目的转弯控制的CPG参数调节方法。最后,给出了今后的研究方向。     

基于乐理的蛇形机器人控制方法研究

根据生物蛇和蛇形机器人的结构及运动特点,提出了基于乐理的蛇形机器人控制方法,定义了乐理的符号、规则与蛇形机器人控制过程的对应关系,编写了蜿蜒运动步态谱.“勘查者—I”蛇形机器人上实现了蜿蜒运动的控制. 给出了今后的研究方向．     

基于CPG的六足机器人运动步态控制方法

中枢模式发生器（CPG）在六足机器人的运动步态控制中起着至关重要的作用。为了研究六足机器人的运动控制方法,首先基于仿生学原理设计了六足机器人的机械结构,并在虚拟样机软件ADAMS中搭建其三维模型;其次选择Hopf振荡器作为CPG单元,并改进了振荡器模型;然后设计了六足机器人的CPG网络拓扑结构,包含单腿关节映射函数方案和腿间CPG环形耦合网络方案,并对其进行了改进;最后通过ADAMS和MATLAB联合仿真实验,验证了所设计六足机器人的运动稳定性和CPG控制方案的可行性与有效性。仿真结果表明,该方法能够满足六足机器人不同运动步态的控制需求,对六足机器人的运动控制具有一定的实际应用价值。     

基于双层级CPG的3维蛇形机器人运动控制方法

为实现3维蛇形机器人多模式运动控制,提出了一种基于双层级中枢模式发生器(CPG)的运动控制方法.该双层级CPG网络包含节律层和模式层,节律层的CPG神经元用于控制3维蛇形机器人的俯仰关节组和偏转关节组的相位关系,模式层的CPG神经元用于控制3维蛇形机器人关节组内各个关节的相位差及关节轨迹.首先,利用Kuramoto振荡器对CPG神经元进行建模,并确定CPG网络的层级结构和耦合拓扑;然后,基于蛇形约束曲线计算3维蛇形机器人侧滚运动、侧移运动、滑行运动及转向运动4种典型运动步态的控制参数;最后,通过联合仿真和实验验证该双层级CPG网络的控制性能.由实验结果可知,3维蛇形机器人的侧滚运动、侧移运动、滑行运动以及转向运动的实际速度分别能够达到3.9 cm/s、9.0 cm/s、2.1 cm/s和10.8°/s.因此,该方法能够有效地、灵活地控制3维蛇形机器人的多模式运动.     

基于CPG的沙漠蜘蛛机器人多模式运动控制方法

模仿具有多种运动模式的沙漠蜘蛛,设计了本体为双层六杆5R闭链机构的仿蜘蛛机器人,其中16个主动关节由直流伺服电机控制．提出了基于Hopf振荡器的中枢模式发生器（CPG）运动控制模型,用于实现仿蜘蛛机器人的翻滚、爬行、侧滚等多种运动模式以及步态切换．利用Matlab和ADAMS对仿蜘蛛机器人的多模式运动进行动力学仿真,结果表明机器人可实现连续平稳的翻滚、爬行、侧滚运动,验证了CPG仿生控制方法应用于闭链机器人多模式运动的可行性．     

基于能量的蛇形机器人蜿蜒运动控制方法的仿真与实验研究

能量作为最基本的物理量之一, 联系着蛇形机器人蜿蜒运动的各个方面. 能量耗散描述了环境交互作用, 能量转换对应着运动的动力学过程, 能量平衡反映了蜿蜒运动的协调性. 提出一种基于能量的蛇形机器人蜿蜒运动控制方法-被动蜿蜒. 通过输出关节力矩控制机器人蜿蜒运动, 由机器人的能量状态调整力矩的大小. 仿真结果显示了被动蜿蜒控制下机器人的构形、角度、力矩、能量状态和转弯特性, 并对控制力矩进行了递归分析. 基于Optotrak运动测量系统构建了被动蜿蜒控制的模拟/物理混合实验系统. 进行了移动实验和拖动实验, 前者改变环境的摩擦特性,后者改变机器人的负载. 仿真和实验验证了蛇形机器人被动蜿蜒控制的有效性和适应性.     

基于遗传算法的蛇形机器人CPG模型参数优化

针对蛇形机器人采用的循环抑制CPG模型,为解决CPG控制模型中参数整定效率低、不稳定的问题,阐述基于CPG模型的蛇形搜救机器人控制系统总体方案的设计,提出一种基于遗传算法的CPG控制模型参数优化方法,实现链式CPG网络的节律输出。仿真实现蛇形搜救机器人各关节控制信号的有效输出,仿真结果表明,该方法具有高效、准确、稳定等优点,可有效应用于蛇形搜救机器人的步态控制。     

基于PSO蛇形机器人CPG控制模型参数的优化

针对蛇形机器人链式CPG(central pattern generator)复杂模型,提出了采用粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization)优化CPG控制模型参数,用来解决CPG参数整定效率低、效果不理想的问题,然后结合Webots机器人仿真软件,实现了PSO算法优化蛇形机器人CPG控制模型参数。最后利用Webots仿真软件,通过实验仿真与遗传算法的结果相对比,证实了PSO算法的优越性,为蛇形机器人的运动步态转换提供好的基础。     

蛇形机器人蜿蜒运动控制分析

针对蛇形机器人的蜿蜒运动控制,首先分析了关节角度约束对运动控制函数参数取值的限制,确定了满足机械结构的运动控制参数范围;之后在Adams仿真环境下,建立蛇形机器人的三维虚拟运动模型,进行蜿蜒运动仿真,通过分析幅值控制参数对蛇形机器人弯曲度、运动速度和运动轨迹偏移的影响,提出了调整幅值参数的方法;实验结果表明,调整方法的有效性,从而实现蛇形机器人蜿蜒运动控制的优化。     

基于循环抑制CPG 模型控制的蛇形机器人三维运动

具有三维运动能力和独特的节律运动方式,使生物蛇能在复杂的地形环境中生存. 大多数动物节律运动是由中央模式发生器(Central pattern generator, CPG) 控制的. 以此为理论依据, 首次以循环抑制建模机理构建蛇形机器人组合关节运动控制的CPG 模型. 证明该模型是节律输出型CPG 中微分方程维数最少的. 采用单向激励方式连接该类CPG 构建蛇形机器人三维运动神经网络控制体系,给出该CPG 网络产生振荡输出的必要条件. 应用蛇形机器人动力学模型仿真得到控制三维运动的CPG 神经网络参数,利用该CPG 网络的输出使\勘查者"成功实现三维运动. 该结果为建立未探明的生物蛇神经网络模型提供了一种全新的方法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.