数字散斑干涉在振动测量中的应用

在动态测试领域中,数字散斑干涉技术常用到的相位处理方法有时问平均法和空间载波相移法.空间载波相移法因其简单性和实用性,被应用于双脉冲散斑干涉测量中.     

A study on the production of 950°C moiré gratings in metal materials

In this paper, a new method for producing high temperature gratings is put forward. With two deposited metal layers on the specimen, the oxidation resistant ability of this grating was improved, and its applications were enlarged, to cover almost all metals. The procedure for producing a grating and the controlling factors of grating quality are discussed in detail.     

高精度温度控制方式述评

对高精度温度控制系统中常用的模拟控制方式、数字控制方式和模拟/数字控制方式作了比较,目的在于找到既能满足计量检定恒温装置所需的技术指标、又方便实用的控制方式.     

Measurement of Thermal Expansion at High Temperature by a Transient Interferometric Technique

A transient interferometric technique to measure the thermal expansion of pure metals and alloys during rapid heating is presented. The metallic specimen is resistively heated from room temperature to a high temperature close to melting within approximately 500 ms by the passage of a high electrical current pulse. The temperature of the specimen is measured and time resolved by a fast pyrometer; the thermal expansion is obtained by a high-speed laser-interferometer. The device used is a modified polarized-beam Michelson-type interferometer with a phase-quadrature detector that distinguishes between expansion and contraction. Details of its principle, the construction, adjustment, and operation are described. In addition, thermal expansion measurements performed on molybdenum and tungsten standard reference materials (SRMs) are presented and compared with results obtained by other researchers.     

正交双频光栅CCD系统剪切干涉测量二维温度场

以半导体激光器为光源，利用正交双频光栅（ＯＤＦＧ）ＣＣＤ系统剪切干涉对带平板边界的半圆柱体热源的二维温度场进行实时诊断，分析剪切干涉图时，用柱函数系作为拟合基底，给出二维自然对流温度场的定量分布。     

Application of Moiré Interferometry to Study Residual Deformation in Lap‐Welded Steel Plates

Abstract: Moiré interferometry combined with hole‐drilling is an effective method for measuring welding residual deformation. In this study, two lap‐welded rectangular steel plates with different overlap widths were manufactured, and cross‐gratings with a frequency of 1200 lines per mm were replicated on test areas of the welds. Sixteen through holes were drilled in the plates to release residual stress, while Moiré interferometry, integrated with a phase‐shifting technique, was used to determine the corresponding surface residual deformation. The distribution characteristics of the residual displacements around the drilled holes were investigated using the experimental data as basis. The relationship between the residual displacement located in the plates and the distance to the weld lines is also presented in this paper. Furthermore, the magnitude and direction of the residual strain both near the holes and within the plates were analysed. The experimental data and detailed analysis in this paper can serve as some reference for research on the residual strain of welds.     

Speckle Interferometry: A Review of the Principal Methods in Use for Experimental Mechanics Applications

Abstract:  With its nearly 40 years of existence, speckle interferometry (SI) has become a complete technique, widely used in many branches of experimental mechanics. It is thus a challenging task to try to summarise in a couple of pages its principal characteristics from both theoretical and practical points of view. Admittedly, even though this goal is not met here, it appeared worth attempting to provide the photomechanics community with a discussion of the ins and outs of the technique. The necessity of a vocabulary free of ambiguity was a prerequisite, and hence the first section is a plea for a clearer definition of the discipline. Moreover, this section offers the opportunity to re-examine the basic aspects of SI. Then, the main features of the method are briefly considered following a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. Endowed with a lot of specific advantages, compared with other whole-field methods, SI can play an increasing role in photomechanics.     

相移干涉技术在小角度及直线度测量中的应用

应用相移干涉及Zernike多项式波面拟合技术实现对空间小角度的高精度测量 ,测量精度可达到 0 0 13″。与采用自准直仪、激光干涉小角度测量仪的测量方法相比较 ,测量精度有较大幅度的提高。与测长设备 光栅尺结合使用 ,可同时高精度测量导轨俯仰和偏摆两方向上的直线度     

舰船高温防护涂层技术研究进展

高温防护涂层在舰船高温部件尤其是动力系统部件上能够发挥重要作用,保护其在海洋环境中避免发生氧化和腐蚀。本文简要介绍了舰船高温防护涂层的性能特点、分类及等离子喷涂、激光熔覆、渗铝等耐高温涂层制备方法。     

热透波材料技术研究进展

热透波材料技术是高超声速飞行器实现通讯与精确导航的关键技术,文章从热透波材料体系、热透波材料热电行为和高温电性能测试技术等方面对热透波材料及其相关技术的发展现状进行了简要介绍。在材料体系方面,石英陶瓷及二氧化硅基复合材料是目前应用的主要材料品种,多孔氮化物陶瓷及陶瓷基复合材料是未来发展的重要方向。在热电行为研究方面,对典型氧化物、氮化物、氮氧化物材料热电行为规律及杂质离子对材料热电行为的影响等方面的研究获得重要进展,并获得试验验证。在高温电性能测试方面,近年来突破了1 600℃高温宽频测试关键技术,并获得了氧化硅熔融态介电性能实测数据,国外和国内已实现8 MW/m2热透波实时测试。     

高温环境激光测振实验研究

根据激光测振原理,搭建了一套高温环境下的激光测振试验系统。利用该系统进行实验,分析了动圈连接杆对振动的传递效果,在中频下的传递误差较小,高频下传递误差较大,并为激光测振实验选取了合适的激励频率。进行了高温环境下的比较法测振和激光测振实验,通过与参考加速度计的测量结果进行对比,得到高温下的比较法测振和激光测振相对误差,并对误差影响因素进行了分析。实验表明,激光测振能够弥补压电加速度计在高温下测振的不足,且具有较好的稳定性和较高的精度。     

用散斑干涉光谱分布检测瞬态温度

为了提高对瞬态温度检测的灵敏度,提出了基于散斑干涉条纹光谱分析的瞬态温度反演算法.系统利用散斑干涉形成干涉条纹,由于瞬态温度的变化会使材料应变,从而使散斑干涉条纹改变.被测表面形变前后获得的干涉条纹由面阵 CCD 采集,其对应的光谱密度分布函数也会发生相应的改变,即由散斑干涉条纹反演得到的中心波长振幅发生改变.通过对两次中心波长幅值的比值的检测和计算,即可获得被测的瞬态温度.在分析计算了瞬态温度变化与材料应变、材料应变与干涉条纹变化的函数关系的基础上,推导了瞬态温度变化与干涉条纹振幅及相位函数关系.实验采用660 nm 半导体激光器,SI6600型面阵 CCD 探测器,从获得的光谱分布函数中提取中心波长处幅值比值,通过计算和标定,最终温度检测精度可达到±2℃.相比传统的直接检测干涉条纹的变化量,由被测面形变量推导温度的方法精度提高了近一个数量级,其精度更高、检测均匀性更好、稳定性更好.     

E150柴油机缸内压缩温度场的全息干涉测量

介绍了采用激光双曝光全息干涉技术测取柴油机压缩温芳场的基本原理及实验过程。提出了利用绝热压缩缩区的温度作为计算干涉条纹的初始条件,从而为计算全息干涉条纹所对应温度提供了可行的方法。由柴油机压缩过程中缸内的温度场的测量结果可以看出,在柴油机压缩过程中,缸内温度变化幅度在４０Ｋ左右,最大温度梯度是在靠近燃烧室壁面大约０．５ｍｍ的区域内。本文的实验结果,为分析柴油机压缩过程缸内传热过程提供了依据;所使用     

Measurement of the Diffusion Coefficient of Miscible Fluids Using Both Interferometry and Wiener's Method

Measurements of the diffusion coefficient of two miscible liquids are reported. The liquids are various combinations of pure silicone oils and those to which small amounts of solvents are added to control the difference in density between the fluids. The liquids were placed in a quartz cell such that the interface is initially horizontal. As the fluids diffuse, the profile of the index of refraction near the interface is time dependent and is related to the local concentration of the diffusing fluids. The concentration gradient profile was measured by a shearing interferometer incorporating a Wollaston prism, as well as Wiener's method. In the latter technique, a 45° light sheet was passed through the test cell, and the local deflection of the light beam was measured. The average diffusion coefficient was obtained by analysis of the measured concentration gradient profile, assuming that the diffusion process is one-dimensional and is characterized by a constant value of the diffusion coefficient.     

用于线宽测量的偏振干涉共焦显微测量方法

提出一种融合共焦显微技术和偏振干涉技术的偏振干涉共焦显微测量方法。利用共焦技术进行准确的焦点定位，以获得最佳的测量光斑；同时，利用照射到台阶边缘的不同偏振方向(平行和垂直于台阶边缘)的线偏振光反射后产生的相位变化不同这一特性，进行边缘定位。相位变化是利用外差干涉测相的方法得到的。这一系统完全符合共光路原则，有很强的抗干扰能力。利用该系统对标准线宽样板进行了测量，测量结果与中国计量科学研究院用原子力显微镜测量的结果，以及厂商提供的可溯源到美国NIST光学线宽标准的测量值都符合的很好；还对同一刻线进行了5次重复性测量，其极限偏差为20m。     

J型高温高速染色机常见缺陷与检测要点

对染色工艺中最常用的设备——J型高温高速染色机的常见缺陷类型、各类缺陷产生的原因以及对其进行检验检测时需注意的要点进行了归纳总结,并给出了相应的预防措施及建议。重点阐述了在J型高温高速染色机使用过程中经常出现的应力腐蚀裂纹和疲劳裂纹等危险性缺陷,并指出产生这些缺陷的主要原因是柒液中存在氯离子、染色机存在应力集中、振动及频繁启动等因素;检验时应采用金相检验、无损探伤等方法措施,以便能够及早发现此类危险性缺陷,消除安全隐患。     

高温钛合金焊接研究现状及展望

综述了国内外高温钛合金焊接研究的发展现状。总结了高温钛合金的焊接特点及其对高温钛合金焊接接头热强性与热稳定性、蠕变疲劳抗性的一致性、均匀性和稳定性的要求,介绍了闪光对焊、线性摩擦焊、电子束焊接和激光焊接技术的研究现状,并对高温钛合金焊接未来研究方向进行了展望。     

温度影响测量精度的研究方法及室验装置

本文论述了温度对精密测量的影响及传统温度误差公式的不足之处，指出提高温度误差修正精度的途径，并介绍一种新型的高精度受温变形的测量装置     

高温共晶点灌注方法研究

在高温共晶点研制过程中,目前常用的灌注方法包括直接共晶法和预共晶法两种,但直接共晶法存在效率低下的不足,预共晶法存在粘附问题。本文对高温共晶点灌注方法进行研究,设计了两种填充配件,一种为采用长石墨衬套的直接共晶坩埚;另一种为具有特殊结构的预共晶坩埚。经试验验证,前者可明显提高直接共晶法的灌注效率,后者有效避免了预共晶法的共晶体粘结问题,二者均达到了设计目的,为高温共晶点研制技术的完善发展起到了促进作用。     

Precise Three-Dimensional Deformation Retrieval in Large and Complex Deformation Areas via Integration of Offset-Based Unwrapping and Improved Multiple-Aperture SAR Interferometry: Application to the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake

Conventional synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) has been successfully used to precisely measure surface deformation in the line-of-sight (LOS) direction, while multiple-aperture SAR interferometry (MAI) has provided precise surface deformation in the along-track (AT) direction. Integration of the InSAR and MAI methods enables precise measurement of the two-dimensional (2D) deformation from an interferometric pair; recently, the integration of ascending and descending pairs has allowed the observation of precise three-dimensional (3D) deformation. Precise 3D deformation measurement has been applied to better understand geological events such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The surface deformation related to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake was large and complex near the fault line; hence, precise 3D deformation retrieval had not yet been attempted. The objectives of this study were to ① perform a feasibility test of precise 3D deformation retrieval in large and complex deformation areas through the integration of offset-based unwrapped and improved multiple-aperture SAR interferograms and ② observe the 3D deformation field related to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, even near the fault lines. Two ascending pairs and one descending the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) Phased Array-type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2) pair were used for the 3D deformation retrieval. Eleven in situ Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements were used to validate the 3D deformation measurement accuracy. The achieved accuracy was approximately 2.96, 3.75, and 2.86 cm in the east, north, and up directions, respectively. The results show the feasibility of precise 3D deformation measured through the integration of the improved methods, even in a case of large and complex deformation.