工艺条件对煤—废塑料在焦炉气气氛下共热解特性的影响

将先锋褐煤与５％聚乙烯（ＰＥ）混合加入１０ｇ固定床反应器中通入焦炉煤气在不同压力、升温速率及终态温度下共热解。结果表明,在实验压力范围内（０．１ＭＰａ￣３ＭＰａ）添加废塑料可实现煤－焦炉气常压热解达到甚至超过高压（３ＭＰａ）下不加ＰＥ时热解的焦油收率,同时增加半焦收率,明显降低热解水分。降低升温速率可明显增加焦油收率,降低水分。添加废塑料还可实现煤－焦炉气低温热解达到甚至超过高温热解时的焦油收率,     

水分对神东煤热解产物分布的影响

为考察原料煤中水分对神东煤热解产物分布的影响,通过格金试验和固体热载体小试试验研究了神东煤中水分对热解特性的影响,得到神东煤在不同水分下热解产物的分布规律。格金试验表明,水分对神东煤热解产物中焦油和热解气收率有显著影响。随着水分降低,神东煤热解产物中焦油收率从9.98%降至4.92%,热解气收率从8.47%上升至11.07%,热解水收率从2.74%上升到5.94%。小试试验结果与格金试验趋势基本相同。随着原料煤中水分的降低,焦油收率下降,热解气收率上升;未经干燥的原煤在不同温度下热解的焦油收率比干燥后煤样平均高2.17%,热解气收率平均低1.58%。热解温度对H2和CO比例影响较大,对其他气体比例影响较小。研究结果表明,水分对神东煤的热解过程及其热解产物分布有显著影响,热解原料煤中水分的增加有利于抑制神东煤热解水和热解气的生成,提高焦油收率,因此有望通过控制原料煤中的水分来调节热解产物的分布。     

煤—焦炉气共热解特性及其增油减水方法研究

介绍了一种实现煤高产,洁净利用新途径－煤－焦炉气共热解的工艺过程,经济技术评价,应用前景以及近期研究结果,在实验的基础上,进一步证实了用焦炉气代替纯氢进行加氢热解的可行性及优越性,固定床热解实验及产品分析结果表明,与相同氢分压下的加氢热解相比,煤－焦炉共热解半焦和焦油收率以及脱硫率的均有所增加,而且焦油质量明显改善,但水分也有所增加,在煤－焦炉气共解中添加少量废塑料可达到增加焦油收率降低热解水分的     

甘肃天祝煤加压热解焦油组成与性质的研究

在积分反应器中，制得甘肃天祝煤的热解焦油。采用化学方法和高效液相色谱、核磁共振仪等现代测试技术对在不同热解压力、气氛等工艺条件下所得焦油的组成和性质进行了各种参数的测定分析。结果表明：提高热解压力，在两种气氛（Ｎ＿２和Ｈ＿２）中会使焦油中的轻质组分特别是ＢＴＸ（苯、甲苯、二甲苯）和ＰＣＸ（苯酚、甲酚、二甲酚）显著增加，从而提高了油品质量；焦油的平均分子量减少；焦油总的平均分子芳环数在１～２之间居多，芳环侧链最长的链为三个键。     

废轮胎与配煤共焦化产物收率研究

利用2kg级模拟工业高温焦化装置进行废轮胎与煤共焦化实验,考察了共焦化产物分布及产物收率受废轮胎橡胶变化的影响．结果表明,煤与废轮胎共焦化时存在“协同效应”,该效应具有明显的增气、增油和降低热解水的作用．当废轮胎配比为1％～7％时,焦炭收率随配比增加而降低,焦油收率呈增加趋势;与原煤单独炼焦相比,焦炭收率最多减少2．27%,焦油增加幅度至少是焦油总量的3．3％．用小颗粒度废轮胎可提高冶金焦率,当废轮胎颗粒度为D〈0．20mm时,冶金焦率增加幅度至少是原煤单独炼焦的3．6％．在废轮胎粒度D〈0．20mm,配比为3％时共焦化,可得到最大冶金焦率,并使焦油收率有所提高．     

煤-合成气共热解特性的研究

选用山东黄县褐煤分别在高压热天平及10g固定床反应器中与合成气共热解对其热失重行为、不同热解终态温度下产物分布及热解半焦燃烧特性进行了详细考察。结果表明,煤－合成气共热解具有与加氢热解基本相似的热失重行为即具有较为明显的热分解和加氢热解失重峰。固定床热解总转化率、焦油收率及热解水分均随终态温度升高而增加,热解半焦燃烧着火点、燃尽温度均随热解终温升高而增加。     

前驱体热解法制备高纯超细α-Al2O3粉体

利用ＮＨ４Ａｌ（ＳＯ４）２和ＮＨ４ＨＣＯ３为原料,控制适当的反应物配比和反应体系的ｐＨ值,制得ＮＨ４ＡｌＯ（ＯＨ）ＨＣＯ３前驱体化合物。在一定的温度下热解,最终制得活性超细α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３粉体,ＴＥＭ测得粉体粒径约５￣２０ｎｍ。ＩＣＰ分析结果表明：该粉体的Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量高达９９．９８％。     

煤与城市生活垃圾共热解焦油成分分析

利用2kg模拟焦炉系统进行煤、城市生活垃圾单独热解和两者不同配比下共热解实验,对所得焦油成分进行分析,结果表明,神华煤热解焦油成分主要以芳香烃（41.13％）和烷烃（30.79％）为主;生活垃圾热解焦油成分主要以烯烃（25.70％）和烷烃（28.38％）为主。与理论计算数据相比,共热解焦油中苯萘类油含量增加3.20％～7.97％,链烃类（烷烃和烯烃）含量增加10.14％～12.69％,含氧官能团有机物成分减少6.6％～14.64％,共热解焦油成分旱现出明显的“链烃化”趋势。     

理化因子对嗜盐隐杆藻细胞生长及胞外多糖产量的影响

比较不同ＮａＣｌ、Ｃａ２＋、ＰＯ３－４等离子浓度对嗜盐隐杆藻（Ａｐｈａｎｏｔｈｅｃｅｈａｌｏｐｈｙｔｉｃａ）细胞生长及胞外多糖（Ｅｘｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃ－ｃｈａｒｉｄｅＥＰＳ）产量的影响。在各影响因子不同浓度的培养条件下,０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮａＣｌ、１．０ｇ／Ｌ的Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．１ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４分别是其最佳生长浓度。ＥＰＳ的产量在０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＣｌ、,０．５ｇ／ＬＣａ（ＮＯ３）２·４Ｈ２Ｏ、０．５ｇ／Ｌ的ＫＨ２ＰＯ４培养条件下最高。在较低的Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、ＰＯ３－４浓度下可提高ＥＰＳ产率。     

N2气氛下温度和压力对煤热解的影响

研究煤热解的反应特性有助于提高煤热解的转化率和焦油收率并且能够改善焦油的品质。本文在固定床反应器上研究了N₂气氛中,不同压力和温度下的唐山烟煤热解反应,考察了温度和压力对热解失重率、热解气体组成及液相产物产率的影响规律。结果表明当热解压力由1MPa增加至3MPa时,唐山烟煤的失重率和焦油产率均先增加后降低,在2MPa时达到最大值。当温度低于600℃时,压力不影响CH₄、H₂和CO的收率,当温度超过600℃时,CH₄、H₂和CO的收率随热解压力的升高而降低。随着热解温度的升高,煤热解的失重率、水的产率以及CH₄、H₂的收率不断增大,焦油的收率和CO的收率先增大后降低,在2MPa下600℃时焦油的收率达最大值为9.23%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。